Water pollution has become a serious threat to our ecosystem. Water contamination due to human, commercial, and industrial activities has negatively affected the whole world. Owing to the global demanding challenges of water pollution treatments and achieving sustainability, membrane technology has gained increasing research attention. Although numerous membrane materials have focused, the sustainable water purification membranes are most effective for environmental needs. In this regard sustainable, green, and recyclable polymeric and nanocomposite membranes have been developed. Materials fulfilling sustainable environmental demands usually include wide-ranging polyesters, polyamides, polysulfones, and recyclable/biodegradable petroleum polymers plus non-toxic solvents. Consequently, water purification membranes for nanofiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and related filtration processes have been designed. Sustainable polymer membranes for water purification have been manufactured using facile techniques. The resulting membranes have been tested for desalination, dye removal, ion separation, and antibacterial processes for wastewater. Environmental sustainability studies have also pointed towards desired life cycle assessment results for these water purification membranes. Recycling of water treatment membranes have been performed by three major processes mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, or thermal recycling. Moreover, use of sustainable membranes has caused positive environmental impacts for safe waste water treatment. Importantly, worth of sustainable water purification membranes has been analyzed for the environmentally friendly water purification applications. There is vast scope of developing and investigating water purification membranes using countless sustainable polymers, materials, and nanomaterials. Hence, value of sustainable membranes has been analyzed to meet the global demands and challenges to attain future clean water and ecosystem.
{"title":"Sustainable membrane technology for water purification—Manufacturing, recycling and environmental impacts","authors":"Ayesha Kausar","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.5976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.5976","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution has become a serious threat to our ecosystem. Water contamination due to human, commercial, and industrial activities has negatively affected the whole world. Owing to the global demanding challenges of water pollution treatments and achieving sustainability, membrane technology has gained increasing research attention. Although numerous membrane materials have focused, the sustainable water purification membranes are most effective for environmental needs. In this regard sustainable, green, and recyclable polymeric and nanocomposite membranes have been developed. Materials fulfilling sustainable environmental demands usually include wide-ranging polyesters, polyamides, polysulfones, and recyclable/biodegradable petroleum polymers plus non-toxic solvents. Consequently, water purification membranes for nanofiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and related filtration processes have been designed. Sustainable polymer membranes for water purification have been manufactured using facile techniques. The resulting membranes have been tested for desalination, dye removal, ion separation, and antibacterial processes for wastewater. Environmental sustainability studies have also pointed towards desired life cycle assessment results for these water purification membranes. Recycling of water treatment membranes have been performed by three major processes mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, or thermal recycling. Moreover, use of sustainable membranes has caused positive environmental impacts for safe waste water treatment. Importantly, worth of sustainable water purification membranes has been analyzed for the environmentally friendly water purification applications. There is vast scope of developing and investigating water purification membranes using countless sustainable polymers, materials, and nanomaterials. Hence, value of sustainable membranes has been analyzed to meet the global demands and challenges to attain future clean water and ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":"14 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chemical reinforcement of sandy soils is usually carried out to improve their properties and meet specific engineering requirements. Nevertheless, conventional reinforcement agents are often expensive; the process is energy-intensive and causes serious environmental issues. Therefore, developing a cost-effective, room-temperature-based method that uses recyclable chemicals is necessary. In the current study, poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) is used as a stabilizer to reinforce sandy soil. The copolymer-reinforced sand samples were prepared using the one-step bulk polymerization method at room temperature. The mechanical strength of the copolymer-reinforced sand samples depends on the ratio of the PS-PMMA copolymer to sand. The higher the copolymer-to-sand ratio, the higher the sample’s compressive strength. Sand (70 wt.%)-PS-PMMA (30 wt.%) sample exhibited the highest compressive strength of 1900 psi. The copolymer matrix enwraps the sand particles to form a stable structure with high compressive strengths.
{"title":"Mechanical strength investigation of chemically reinforced sandy soil using organic copolymers for geotechnical engineering applications","authors":"M. Krishnan, Edreese Housni Alsharaeh","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.5170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.5170","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical reinforcement of sandy soils is usually carried out to improve their properties and meet specific engineering requirements. Nevertheless, conventional reinforcement agents are often expensive; the process is energy-intensive and causes serious environmental issues. Therefore, developing a cost-effective, room-temperature-based method that uses recyclable chemicals is necessary. In the current study, poly (styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) is used as a stabilizer to reinforce sandy soil. The copolymer-reinforced sand samples were prepared using the one-step bulk polymerization method at room temperature. The mechanical strength of the copolymer-reinforced sand samples depends on the ratio of the PS-PMMA copolymer to sand. The higher the copolymer-to-sand ratio, the higher the sample’s compressive strength. Sand (70 wt.%)-PS-PMMA (30 wt.%) sample exhibited the highest compressive strength of 1900 psi. The copolymer matrix enwraps the sand particles to form a stable structure with high compressive strengths.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production of asphalt cement binder in Iraq is conducted through the distillation of crude oil. The byproduct of such distillation is the asphalt cement which does not practice any further processing further processing of the binder is considered vital to control its physical properties and chemical composition. The implementation of bio-modifiers before using such asphalt cement binder for paving work is a sound practice to enhance its sustainability and reserve the required rheological properties. In the present study, the asphalt cement binder was modified by implementation of extender oil (used diesel engine oil) and scrap tire rubber. The aim of this work is to improve and provide a sustainable and proper rheological quality of the binder for paving work. Various percentages of scrap tire rubber and extender oil have been tried to optimize the modifiers which can exhibit a suitable control on the required rheological properties of the asphalt binder such as the stiffness modulus, its temperature susceptibility in terms of penetration index and penetration viscosity number, and temperature of equivalent stiffness of the binder. The stiffness of asphalt cement binder was digested at hot, moderate, and cold environments. It was observed that the implementation of extender oil was able to reduce the penetration index (PI) by 36.3%, 54.5%, and 27.2% when 15%, 10%, and 5% of extender oil by weight of the mixture were added respectively to the control binder. The addition of scrap tire rubber to the binder-oil mixture was able to reduce the PI up to 10% of rubber content and exhibited further control of the temperature susceptibility of the binder. It can be revealed that the extender oil increases the negative values of penetration viscosity number (PVN) while the scrap tire rubber can improve the PVN of the binder. When high percentage of extender oil 15% is implemented, the stiffness of the binder declines by 50%, 90%, and 75% when the testing temperature change from 4 to 25, and 60 ℃ respectively. It was concluded that implication of 15% of scrap tire rubber and 15% of extender oil into the asphalt cement binder produced by Qayarah oil refinery is recommended to provide a sustainable binder for pavement, control its temperature susceptibility, and provide a binder with lower prone to pavement distresses.
{"title":"Assessing the rheological properties of bio modified asphalt cement","authors":"S. Sarsam","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4591","url":null,"abstract":"The production of asphalt cement binder in Iraq is conducted through the distillation of crude oil. The byproduct of such distillation is the asphalt cement which does not practice any further processing further processing of the binder is considered vital to control its physical properties and chemical composition. The implementation of bio-modifiers before using such asphalt cement binder for paving work is a sound practice to enhance its sustainability and reserve the required rheological properties. In the present study, the asphalt cement binder was modified by implementation of extender oil (used diesel engine oil) and scrap tire rubber. The aim of this work is to improve and provide a sustainable and proper rheological quality of the binder for paving work. Various percentages of scrap tire rubber and extender oil have been tried to optimize the modifiers which can exhibit a suitable control on the required rheological properties of the asphalt binder such as the stiffness modulus, its temperature susceptibility in terms of penetration index and penetration viscosity number, and temperature of equivalent stiffness of the binder. The stiffness of asphalt cement binder was digested at hot, moderate, and cold environments. It was observed that the implementation of extender oil was able to reduce the penetration index (PI) by 36.3%, 54.5%, and 27.2% when 15%, 10%, and 5% of extender oil by weight of the mixture were added respectively to the control binder. The addition of scrap tire rubber to the binder-oil mixture was able to reduce the PI up to 10% of rubber content and exhibited further control of the temperature susceptibility of the binder. It can be revealed that the extender oil increases the negative values of penetration viscosity number (PVN) while the scrap tire rubber can improve the PVN of the binder. When high percentage of extender oil 15% is implemented, the stiffness of the binder declines by 50%, 90%, and 75% when the testing temperature change from 4 to 25, and 60 ℃ respectively. It was concluded that implication of 15% of scrap tire rubber and 15% of extender oil into the asphalt cement binder produced by Qayarah oil refinery is recommended to provide a sustainable binder for pavement, control its temperature susceptibility, and provide a binder with lower prone to pavement distresses.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":"46 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiane Zucchini De Souza, Priscila Nishizaki Borba, Bruna Fernandes Antunes, Deliane da Silva Cabral, Antonio José Felix Carvalho, Eliane Trovatti
Vegetables byproducts from the food ad agroforestry industry is a source of several molecules and macromolecules which can find application in the development of high added value materials, because their intrinsic properties. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is found in all the live systems, being wide available in nature. It is the macromolecule well known by its biological function related to carry and transmit the genetic information. The chemical composition and arrangement of this macromolecule can generate new materials with noble properties that still few explored for applications apart to its biological function. The purpose of this work was to study the film formation and its properties using the DNA extracted from the food industry byproducts, namely orange and banana, in order to evaluate their properties. The material was capable of forming large films with green, mild and easy processing techniques. The films were characterized by mechanical tensile tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), indicating their potential as an alternative natural material for developments in composite and biomedical fields.
来自食品和农林业的蔬菜副产品是多种分子和大分子的来源，由于其固有特性，可用于开发高附加值材料。脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）存在于所有生物系统中，在自然界中广泛存在。众所周知，DNA 是一种大分子，具有携带和传递遗传信息的生物学功能。这种大分子的化学成分和排列方式可以产生具有高贵特性的新材料，但除了其生物功能外，在其他应用领域的探索还很少。这项工作的目的是利用从食品工业副产品（即橘子和香蕉）中提取的 DNA 研究薄膜的形成及其特性，以评估其特性。这种材料能够以绿色、温和、简便的加工技术形成大面积薄膜。这些薄膜通过机械拉伸试验、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和热重分析（TGA）进行了表征，表明它们有潜力成为复合材料和生物医学领域发展的替代天然材料。
{"title":"The potential of DNA from industrial vegetables byproducts for the preparation of sustainable materials","authors":"Tatiane Zucchini De Souza, Priscila Nishizaki Borba, Bruna Fernandes Antunes, Deliane da Silva Cabral, Antonio José Felix Carvalho, Eliane Trovatti","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.5132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.5132","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables byproducts from the food ad agroforestry industry is a source of several molecules and macromolecules which can find application in the development of high added value materials, because their intrinsic properties. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is found in all the live systems, being wide available in nature. It is the macromolecule well known by its biological function related to carry and transmit the genetic information. The chemical composition and arrangement of this macromolecule can generate new materials with noble properties that still few explored for applications apart to its biological function. The purpose of this work was to study the film formation and its properties using the DNA extracted from the food industry byproducts, namely orange and banana, in order to evaluate their properties. The material was capable of forming large films with green, mild and easy processing techniques. The films were characterized by mechanical tensile tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), indicating their potential as an alternative natural material for developments in composite and biomedical fields.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":"79 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate temperature control during the induction heating process of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is crucial for the curing effect of the material. This paper first builds a finite element model of induction heating, which combines the actual fiber structure and resin matrix, and systematically analyzes the heating mechanism and temperature field distribution of CFRP during the heating process. Based on the temperature distribution and variation observed in the material heating process, a PID control method optimized by sparrow search algorithm is proposed, which effectively reduces the temperature overshoot and improves the response speed. The experiment verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm in controlling the temperature of CFRP plate during the induction heating process. This study provides an effective control strategy and research method to improve the accuracy of temperature control in the induction heating process of CFRP, which helps to improve the results in this field.
{"title":"An analysis of temperature control for electromagnetic induction heating of CFRP based on sparrow search algorithm","authors":"Ning Yang, Tianyu Fu","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4576","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate temperature control during the induction heating process of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is crucial for the curing effect of the material. This paper first builds a finite element model of induction heating, which combines the actual fiber structure and resin matrix, and systematically analyzes the heating mechanism and temperature field distribution of CFRP during the heating process. Based on the temperature distribution and variation observed in the material heating process, a PID control method optimized by sparrow search algorithm is proposed, which effectively reduces the temperature overshoot and improves the response speed. The experiment verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm in controlling the temperature of CFRP plate during the induction heating process. This study provides an effective control strategy and research method to improve the accuracy of temperature control in the induction heating process of CFRP, which helps to improve the results in this field.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":"102 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to rising global environmental challenges, air/water pollution treatments technologies especially membrane techniques have been focused. In this context, air or purification membranes have been considered effective for environmental remediations. In the field of polymeric membranes, high performance polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes have gained increasing research attention. The polymer/graphene nanomaterials exposed several potential benefits when processed as membranes. This review explains utilizations of polymer and graphene derived nanocomposites towards membranes formation and water or gas separation or decontamination properties. Here, different membrane designs have been developed depending upon the polymer types (poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(dimethyl siloxane), polysulfone, poly(methyl methacrylate), etc.) and graphene functionalities. Including graphene in polymers influenced membrane microstructure, physical features, molecular permeability or selectivity, and separations. Polysulfone/graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes have been found most efficient with enhanced rejection rate of 90%–95%, high water flux >180 L/m2/h, and desirable water contact angle for water purification purposes. For gas separation membranes, efficient membranes have been reported as polysulfone/graphene oxide and poly(dimethyl siloxane)/graphene oxide nanocomposites. In these membranes, N2, CO2, and other gases permeability have been found higher than even >99.9%. Similarly, higher selectivity values for gases like CO2/CH4 have been observed. Thus, high performance graphene-based nanocomposite membranes possess high potential to overcome the challenges related to water or gas molecular separations.
{"title":"Footsteps of graphene filled polymer nanocomposites towards efficient membranes—Present and future","authors":"Ayesha Kausar, Ishaq Ahmad","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4978","url":null,"abstract":"Due to rising global environmental challenges, air/water pollution treatments technologies especially membrane techniques have been focused. In this context, air or purification membranes have been considered effective for environmental remediations. In the field of polymeric membranes, high performance polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes have gained increasing research attention. The polymer/graphene nanomaterials exposed several potential benefits when processed as membranes. This review explains utilizations of polymer and graphene derived nanocomposites towards membranes formation and water or gas separation or decontamination properties. Here, different membrane designs have been developed depending upon the polymer types (poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(dimethyl siloxane), polysulfone, poly(methyl methacrylate), etc.) and graphene functionalities. Including graphene in polymers influenced membrane microstructure, physical features, molecular permeability or selectivity, and separations. Polysulfone/graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes have been found most efficient with enhanced rejection rate of 90%–95%, high water flux >180 L/m2/h, and desirable water contact angle for water purification purposes. For gas separation membranes, efficient membranes have been reported as polysulfone/graphene oxide and poly(dimethyl siloxane)/graphene oxide nanocomposites. In these membranes, N2, CO2, and other gases permeability have been found higher than even >99.9%. Similarly, higher selectivity values for gases like CO2/CH4 have been observed. Thus, high performance graphene-based nanocomposite membranes possess high potential to overcome the challenges related to water or gas molecular separations.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":" 81","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kohobhange S. P. Karunadasa, Pannilage M. H. Madhushanka, Chinthan Manoratne
The present study demonstrates the fabrication of heterogeneous ternary composite photocatalyst consisting of TiO2, kaolinite and cement (TKCe), which is essential to overcome the practical barriers that are inherent to currently available photocatalysts. TKCe is prepared via a cost-effective method, which involved the mechanical compression and thermal activation as a major fabrication steps. Clay-cement ratio primarily determines TKCe mechanical strength and photocatalytic efficiency where TKCe with the optimum clay-cement ratio, which is 1:1 results in uniform matrix with fewer surface defects. The composites that have clay-cement ratio below or above the optimum ratio account for comparatively low mechanical strength and photocatalytic activity due to inhomogeneous surface with more defects, including particle agglomeration and cracks. The TKCe mechanical strength is mainly from clay-TiO2 interactions and TiO2-cement interactions. TiO2-cement interactions result in CaTiO3 formation, which significantly increases matrix interactions; however, the maximum composite performance is observed at the optimum titanate level; anything above or below this level deteriorates composite performance. Over 90% degradation rates are characteristic to all TKCe, which follow pseudo first order kinetics in methylene blue decontamination. The highest rate constant is observed with TKCe 1-1, which is 1.57 h−1 and being the highest among all the binary composite photocatalyst that were fabricated previously. The TKCe 1-1 accounts for the highest mechanical strength, which is 6.97 MPa, while the lowest is observed with TKCe 3-1, indicating that clay-cement ratio has direct relation to composite strength. TKCe is a potential photocatalyst, which can be obtained in variable sizes and shapes, complying with real industrial wastewater treatment requirements.
{"title":"Low-cost ternary composite photocatalysts consisting of TiO2, kaolinite and cement for an efficient organic waste decontamination in water","authors":"Kohobhange S. P. Karunadasa, Pannilage M. H. Madhushanka, Chinthan Manoratne","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4510","url":null,"abstract":" The present study demonstrates the fabrication of heterogeneous ternary composite photocatalyst consisting of TiO2, kaolinite and cement (TKCe), which is essential to overcome the practical barriers that are inherent to currently available photocatalysts. TKCe is prepared via a cost-effective method, which involved the mechanical compression and thermal activation as a major fabrication steps. Clay-cement ratio primarily determines TKCe mechanical strength and photocatalytic efficiency where TKCe with the optimum clay-cement ratio, which is 1:1 results in uniform matrix with fewer surface defects. The composites that have clay-cement ratio below or above the optimum ratio account for comparatively low mechanical strength and photocatalytic activity due to inhomogeneous surface with more defects, including particle agglomeration and cracks. The TKCe mechanical strength is mainly from clay-TiO2 interactions and TiO2-cement interactions. TiO2-cement interactions result in CaTiO3 formation, which significantly increases matrix interactions; however, the maximum composite performance is observed at the optimum titanate level; anything above or below this level deteriorates composite performance. Over 90% degradation rates are characteristic to all TKCe, which follow pseudo first order kinetics in methylene blue decontamination. The highest rate constant is observed with TKCe 1-1, which is 1.57 h−1 and being the highest among all the binary composite photocatalyst that were fabricated previously. The TKCe 1-1 accounts for the highest mechanical strength, which is 6.97 MPa, while the lowest is observed with TKCe 3-1, indicating that clay-cement ratio has direct relation to composite strength. TKCe is a potential photocatalyst, which can be obtained in variable sizes and shapes, complying with real industrial wastewater treatment requirements.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":"102 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dustin Pomary, Belinda Selase Korkor, B. Asimeng, Solomon Kingsley Katu, Lily Paemka, V. Apalangya, Bismark Mensah, E. J. Foster, E. Tiburu
Achatina achatina (AA) is a rich source of collagen due to its large size, but it is underutilized. Type I collagen was extracted from AA to serve as an alternative to existing collagen sources. The collagen was extracted at varying alkaline and temperature conditions to determine the optimal parameters that would give a high yield of acid-soluble collagen. The extracted collagen was characterised using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to confirm the integrity and purity of the extracted collagen. The type of collagen was determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The α-1, α-2, and dimer electrophoresis bands confirmed that the collagen is type I, and the XRD data supported the findings. The highest collagen yield was obtained at 4 ℃ for 48 h, which decreased with increasing temperature due to the instability of the protein in acid at high temperatures. A cytotoxicity test was conducted using an Alamar blue assay. The AA collagen-treated normal prostate cell line (PNT2) showed no significant difference from the untreated control cells. The high-quality type I collagen extracted from AA has the potential for biomedical and other industrial applications.
Achatina achatina（AA）因其体积大而成为胶原蛋白的丰富来源，但却未得到充分利用。从 AA 中提取 I 型胶原蛋白可作为现有胶原蛋白来源的替代品。在不同的碱性和温度条件下提取胶原蛋白，以确定获得高产率酸溶性胶原蛋白的最佳参数。使用 X 射线衍射、傅立叶变换红外光谱、热重分析和差示扫描量热法对提取的胶原蛋白进行表征，以确认提取胶原蛋白的完整性和纯度。使用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定胶原蛋白的类型。α-1、α-2 和二聚体电泳条带证实胶原蛋白为 I 型，XRD 数据也支持这一结论。在 4 ℃ 下培养 48 小时后，胶原蛋白的产量最高，但随着温度的升高，产量有所下降，这是因为蛋白质在高温下的酸性不稳定。使用阿拉玛蓝检测法进行了细胞毒性试验。经 AA 胶原处理的正常前列腺细胞系（PNT2）与未经处理的对照细胞无明显差异。从 AA 中提取的高质量 I 型胶原蛋白具有生物医学和其他工业应用的潜力。
{"title":"Collagen derived from a giant African snail (Achatina achatina) for biomedical applications","authors":"Dustin Pomary, Belinda Selase Korkor, B. Asimeng, Solomon Kingsley Katu, Lily Paemka, V. Apalangya, Bismark Mensah, E. J. Foster, E. Tiburu","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4471","url":null,"abstract":"Achatina achatina (AA) is a rich source of collagen due to its large size, but it is underutilized. Type I collagen was extracted from AA to serve as an alternative to existing collagen sources. The collagen was extracted at varying alkaline and temperature conditions to determine the optimal parameters that would give a high yield of acid-soluble collagen. The extracted collagen was characterised using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to confirm the integrity and purity of the extracted collagen. The type of collagen was determined using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The α-1, α-2, and dimer electrophoresis bands confirmed that the collagen is type I, and the XRD data supported the findings. The highest collagen yield was obtained at 4 ℃ for 48 h, which decreased with increasing temperature due to the instability of the protein in acid at high temperatures. A cytotoxicity test was conducted using an Alamar blue assay. The AA collagen-treated normal prostate cell line (PNT2) showed no significant difference from the untreated control cells. The high-quality type I collagen extracted from AA has the potential for biomedical and other industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":"348 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan Grantham-Coogan, C. Tilton, H. Matos, Arun Shukla
This study experimentally investigates the failure behavior of 3D-printed polymer tubes during underwater implosion. Implosion is a prevalent failure mechanism in the underwater domain, and the adaptation of new technology, such as 3D printing, allows for the rapid manufacturing of pressure vessels with complex geometries. This study analyzes the failure performance of 3D-printed polymer structures to aid the future development of 3D-printed pressure vessels. The 3D-printed tube specimens analyzed were fabricated using digital light synthesis (DLS) technology and included four different case geometries. The geometries consist of three cylindrical shells of varying diameter and thickness and one double hull structure with a cylindrical gyroid core filler. These specimens were submerged in a pressure vessel and subjected to increasing hydrostatic pressure until implosion failure occurred. High-speed photography and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were employed to capture the collapse event to obtain full-field displacements. Local dynamic pressure histories during failure were recorded using piezoelectric transducers. The findings highlight that the 3D-printed polymers underwent significant deformation and failed at localized points due to material failure. The fracture of the specimens during failure introduced inconsistencies in pressure and impulse data due to the chaotic nature of the failure. Notably, the energy flow analysis revealed that the proportion of energy released via the pressure pulse was lower than in traditional aluminum structures. These findings contribute to our understanding of the behavior of 3D-printed polymers under hydrostatic pressure conditions.
{"title":"Underwater implosion behavior of 3D-printed polymer structures","authors":"Nathan Grantham-Coogan, C. Tilton, H. Matos, Arun Shukla","doi":"10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v7i1.4070","url":null,"abstract":"This study experimentally investigates the failure behavior of 3D-printed polymer tubes during underwater implosion. Implosion is a prevalent failure mechanism in the underwater domain, and the adaptation of new technology, such as 3D printing, allows for the rapid manufacturing of pressure vessels with complex geometries. This study analyzes the failure performance of 3D-printed polymer structures to aid the future development of 3D-printed pressure vessels. The 3D-printed tube specimens analyzed were fabricated using digital light synthesis (DLS) technology and included four different case geometries. The geometries consist of three cylindrical shells of varying diameter and thickness and one double hull structure with a cylindrical gyroid core filler. These specimens were submerged in a pressure vessel and subjected to increasing hydrostatic pressure until implosion failure occurred. High-speed photography and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) were employed to capture the collapse event to obtain full-field displacements. Local dynamic pressure histories during failure were recorded using piezoelectric transducers. The findings highlight that the 3D-printed polymers underwent significant deformation and failed at localized points due to material failure. The fracture of the specimens during failure introduced inconsistencies in pressure and impulse data due to the chaotic nature of the failure. Notably, the energy flow analysis revealed that the proportion of energy released via the pressure pulse was lower than in traditional aluminum structures. These findings contribute to our understanding of the behavior of 3D-printed polymers under hydrostatic pressure conditions.","PeriodicalId":503084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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