Rosine La Belle Ndjock Ngolong, G. B. Tabekoueng, Gervais Mouthé Happi, J. Wansi
The chemical investigation of the methanolic bark extract of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) led to the isolation of one saponin named aridanin (1) isolated for the first time in the genus Citrus, together with seventeen known compounds including eight acridone-type alkaloids, two limonoids, two coumarins, one sugar, one lactam derivative, and three common steroids. Their structures were conclusively established using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectral data. The isolated compounds 1-9 were tested for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and the results showed that they all have potency higher than the reference acarbose (IC50 = 218.2 ± 2.8 μM) and aridanin was the strongest one which could be due to its sugar unit as usually observed for triterpene saponins. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship of the tested compounds has been discussed as well as the chemotaxonomic significance of the study. The present study enriches the chemistry of Citrus with three additional compounds (1, 14, 15) and classifies the plant C. grandis as a good source of leads for the development of anti-diabetic drugs.
{"title":"Chemical constituents of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity","authors":"Rosine La Belle Ndjock Ngolong, G. B. Tabekoueng, Gervais Mouthé Happi, J. Wansi","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/186019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/186019","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical investigation of the methanolic bark extract of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) led to the isolation of one saponin named aridanin (1) isolated for the first time in the genus Citrus, together with seventeen known compounds including eight acridone-type alkaloids, two limonoids, two coumarins, one sugar, one lactam derivative, and three common steroids. Their structures were conclusively established using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectral data. The isolated compounds 1-9 were tested for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and the results showed that they all have potency higher than the reference acarbose (IC50 = 218.2 ± 2.8 μM) and aridanin was the strongest one which could be due to its sugar unit as usually observed for triterpene saponins. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship of the tested compounds has been discussed as well as the chemotaxonomic significance of the study. The present study enriches the chemistry of Citrus with three additional compounds (1, 14, 15) and classifies the plant C. grandis as a good source of leads for the development of anti-diabetic drugs.","PeriodicalId":503106,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although plastics provide numerous conveniences for human life, concerns about ecosystems and human life are rising tremendously due to increased plastic production and consumption. The ubiquitous presence and undeniable distribution of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural usage created a major risk concern for soil ecology and human health. The ecological risk assessment of microplastics in agricultural sites in the Coimbatore region of South India has been evaluated using three ecological risk indices: Pollution Hazard Index (PHI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). Based on the concentration of hazardous MPs (Polyethylene, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride) in sampling sites, risk assessment indicated the major risk level in inorganic fertilizers applied site. Meanwhile, PLI indicated that all the sites were in category I with low pollution load in the region. However, the hazard scores of polymers increased the PERI values and exhibited their values in the extremely dangerous category. Since the models for evaluating MPs risk in agricultural sites are not yet developed, this calculation is cautiously calculated and further research could gradually add base reference data for understanding the distribution, ecological risk, and trophic transfer of MPs.
尽管塑料为人类生活提供了诸多便利，但由于塑料生产和消费的增加，人们对生态系统和人类生活的担忧也在大幅上升。微塑料（MPs）在农业使用中无处不在且分布广泛，这给土壤生态和人类健康带来了重大风险隐患。南印度哥印拜陀地区农田中微塑料的生态风险评估采用了三种生态风险指数：污染危害指数（PHI）、污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在生态风险指数（PERI）。根据采样点中有害 MPs（聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯）的浓度，风险评估结果表明，施用无机肥料的采样点风险水平最高。同时，PLI 表明所有采样点都属于该地区污染负荷较低的 I 类采样点。然而，聚合物的危害分数增加了 PERI 值，并显示其值属于极度危险类别。由于目前尚未开发出评估农业区多溴联苯醚风险的模型，因此本计算结果是谨慎计算得出的，进一步的研究可为了解多溴联苯醚的分布、生态风险和营养传递逐步增加基础参考数据。
{"title":"Ecological risk assessment of microplastics in agricultural soils of Coimbatore region, India","authors":"Karthika Sangilidurai, Sivasubramanian Karuppusamy, Dhevagi Periyasamy, Rajkishore Subramani Krishnaraj, C. Narayanasamy, Lakshmanan Arunachalam, Dinesh Govindaraj Kamalam","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/184013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/184013","url":null,"abstract":"Although plastics provide numerous conveniences for human life, concerns about ecosystems and human life are rising tremendously due to increased plastic production and consumption. The ubiquitous presence and undeniable distribution of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural usage created a major risk concern for soil ecology and human health. The ecological risk assessment of microplastics in agricultural sites in the Coimbatore region of South India has been evaluated using three ecological risk indices: Pollution Hazard Index (PHI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). Based on the concentration of hazardous MPs (Polyethylene, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, polyacrylamide, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride) in sampling sites, risk assessment indicated the major risk level in inorganic fertilizers applied site. Meanwhile, PLI indicated that all the sites were in category I with low pollution load in the region. However, the hazard scores of polymers increased the PERI values and exhibited their values in the extremely dangerous category. Since the models for evaluating MPs risk in agricultural sites are not yet developed, this calculation is cautiously calculated and further research could gradually add base reference data for understanding the distribution, ecological risk, and trophic transfer of MPs.","PeriodicalId":503106,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inflammation is a complex physiological response that serves as a critical component in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Over the years, chitosan, a natural polysaccharide sourced from chitin, has gained significant attention as a prospective anti-inflammatory agent. This brief review aims to summarize the existing knowledge about chitosan's anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms. It discusses in vitro and in vivo studies on chitosan's impact on inflammatory markers, immune responses, and cellular signaling pathways. Additionally, it presents an overview of the different formulations and delivery systems of chitosan utilized in preclinical and clinical studies. The findings suggest that chitosan exhibits promising anti-inflammatory effects by modulating pro-inflammatory mediators, inhibiting inflammatory enzymes, and regulating immune cell functions. Moreover, the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity of chitosan make it a promising candidate for therapeutic applications. However, additional investigation is necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms that explain its anti-inflammatory activity and enhance its therapeutic potential. Overall, this review highlights the chemistry, applications of chitosan in biomedical fields, and the utilization of chitosan as an anti-inflammatory agent in drug delivery systems, with a growing body of evidence supporting the potential of chitosan as a valuable anti-inflammatory agent, paving the way for future investigations and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
{"title":"Chitosan a natural anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent: A brief update","authors":"Zosangpuii, P. Sudheer","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/177602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/177602","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammation is a complex physiological response that serves as a critical component in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Over the years, chitosan, a natural polysaccharide sourced from chitin, has gained significant attention as a prospective anti-inflammatory agent. This brief review aims to summarize the existing knowledge about chitosan's anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms. It discusses in vitro and in vivo studies on chitosan's impact on inflammatory markers, immune responses, and cellular signaling pathways. Additionally, it presents an overview of the different formulations and delivery systems of chitosan utilized in preclinical and clinical studies. The findings suggest that chitosan exhibits promising anti-inflammatory effects by modulating pro-inflammatory mediators, inhibiting inflammatory enzymes, and regulating immune cell functions. Moreover, the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity of chitosan make it a promising candidate for therapeutic applications. However, additional investigation is necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms that explain its anti-inflammatory activity and enhance its therapeutic potential. Overall, this review highlights the chemistry, applications of chitosan in biomedical fields, and the utilization of chitosan as an anti-inflammatory agent in drug delivery systems, with a growing body of evidence supporting the potential of chitosan as a valuable anti-inflammatory agent, paving the way for future investigations and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":503106,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"48 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Ibrahim, Ganesh Pawar, Nazia Khan, Bhushan Gudalwar, Shabina Khan, Mohd Mazhar
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), which is widely used in Ayurveda and other system of medicine, is best known for its ability to reduce depression and associated problems. Notably, important constituents of the body such as enzymes are intimately associated with the chemicals present in plants; hence supplementation is necessary to maintain overall health. In this study, reports of experimental studies were collected primarily from various scientific sources like Scopus, Springer, PubMed, Google Scholar etc. The findings of the review suggested that AS extract and its phytoconstituents significantly reduced depression and also modulated oxidative stress and inflammation which play a major role in neurological disorders including depression. The growing amount of research on ashwagandha emphasizes its potential as a useful natural depression remedy. However, further preclinical and clinical research is necessary to substantiate present observations to establish better methods for assessing the ashwagandha safety, effectiveness, bioavailability, purity, and precise mechanisms of action.
{"title":"Therapeutic Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Depression: A comprehensive review","authors":"Mohammad Ibrahim, Ganesh Pawar, Nazia Khan, Bhushan Gudalwar, Shabina Khan, Mohd Mazhar","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/177661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/177661","url":null,"abstract":"Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), which is widely used in Ayurveda and other system of medicine, is best known for its ability to reduce depression and associated problems. Notably, important constituents of the body such as enzymes are intimately associated with the chemicals present in plants; hence supplementation is necessary to maintain overall health. In this study, reports of experimental studies were collected primarily from various scientific sources like Scopus, Springer, PubMed, Google Scholar etc. The findings of the review suggested that AS extract and its phytoconstituents significantly reduced depression and also modulated oxidative stress and inflammation which play a major role in neurological disorders including depression. The growing amount of research on ashwagandha emphasizes its potential as a useful natural depression remedy. However, further preclinical and clinical research is necessary to substantiate present observations to establish better methods for assessing the ashwagandha safety, effectiveness, bioavailability, purity, and precise mechanisms of action.","PeriodicalId":503106,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"57 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmud Hossain, Mohammad Sarowar Uddin, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Mahmuda Ferdus, Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Ipomoea hederifolia, a member of the convolvulaceae family, is an annual climbing ornamental vine with wide range of pharmacological activities. The methanolic extract of powdered Ipomoea hederifolia stem was subjected to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic, cytotoxic, antibacterial and thrombolytic potentials. The disc-diffusion technique explored the antibacterial activity of Ipomoea hederifolia stem extract (IHSE) against six detrimental microorganisms. Anthelmintic and thrombolytic potentials were assessed using earthworms and human erythrocytes as test samples. Moreover, a brine shrimp lethality bioassay procedure was applied to determine cytotoxic activity. The methanolic IHSE demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) anthelminthic potential in a dose-dependent fashion. In the brine shrimp lethality assay, IHSE depicted a sharp soar in the death rate of brine shrimp nauplii, and 50% (LC50) of nauplii died at 4.544 µg/mL of IHSE. Moreover, the IHSE revealed moderate clot lysis activity in a dose-dependent manner; the highest clot lysis was 37.167± 2.40% at 20 mg/mL (p < 0.05). However, no significant antimicrobial activity was observed for IHSE. Based on the findings, our investigation suggests that the methanol fraction of IHSE possesses substantial anthelmintic, cytotoxic and thrombolytic potentials, and the plant could be deemed as a probable hub for future drug discovery.
{"title":"Evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and thrombolytic activities of Ipomoea hederifolia stem","authors":"Mahmud Hossain, Mohammad Sarowar Uddin, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Mahmuda Ferdus, Mohammad Safiqul Islam","doi":"10.53365/nrfhh/177626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/177626","url":null,"abstract":"Ipomoea hederifolia, a member of the convolvulaceae family, is an annual climbing ornamental vine with wide range of pharmacological activities. The methanolic extract of powdered Ipomoea hederifolia stem was subjected to evaluate the in-vitro anthelmintic, cytotoxic, antibacterial and thrombolytic potentials. The disc-diffusion technique explored the antibacterial activity of Ipomoea hederifolia stem extract (IHSE) against six detrimental microorganisms. Anthelmintic and thrombolytic potentials were assessed using earthworms and human erythrocytes as test samples. Moreover, a brine shrimp lethality bioassay procedure was applied to determine cytotoxic activity. The methanolic IHSE demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) anthelminthic potential in a dose-dependent fashion. In the brine shrimp lethality assay, IHSE depicted a sharp soar in the death rate of brine shrimp nauplii, and 50% (LC50) of nauplii died at 4.544 µg/mL of IHSE. Moreover, the IHSE revealed moderate clot lysis activity in a dose-dependent manner; the highest clot lysis was 37.167± 2.40% at 20 mg/mL (p < 0.05). However, no significant antimicrobial activity was observed for IHSE. Based on the findings, our investigation suggests that the methanol fraction of IHSE possesses substantial anthelmintic, cytotoxic and thrombolytic potentials, and the plant could be deemed as a probable hub for future drug discovery.","PeriodicalId":503106,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources for Human Health","volume":"28 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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