Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14675
Saeed Rezaei
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most prevalent cancer and the fourth in terms of cancer-related death worldwide. The GC is the most commonly diagnosed and the most important cause of cancer-related death in Iranians. Due to the significant burden of stomach cancer in Iran, we aimed to review all articles that have been conducted on the Incidence, Prognostic Factors, and survival of Gastric Cancer in Iran and compare them with the global situation. We surveyed Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), and Science Direct databases using the keywords of Gastric Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Gastric Neoplasm, Stomach Neoplasm, and Iran and obtained English language articles. After a two-step screening of articles, 51 out of 202 remained eligible for our study (related to Incidence, Prognostic Factors, and survival of stomach Cancer in Iran). We found that although Iran is one of the high-burden countries for GC, the incidence rate and mortality rate are very different in different provinces (up to a six-fold and thirty-fold difference in mortality rate and incidence rate have been reported respectively in reviewed articles between Northern and Southern Iran). Considering that the initial stage is one of the most important and probably the most important prognostic factors, through upper endoscopy screening, the disease can be diagnosed in earlier stages and the survival of patients can be improved. We recommend the Ministry of Health identify high-risk people according to their combination of risk factors (especially geographical region) and make a national cost-effective screening algorithm for Iran.
胃癌（GC）在全球癌症发病率中排名第五，在癌症相关死亡人数中排名第四。胃癌是伊朗人最常确诊的癌症，也是导致癌症相关死亡的最重要原因。鉴于胃癌在伊朗造成的沉重负担，我们旨在回顾所有关于伊朗胃癌发病率、预后因素和生存率的文章，并将其与全球情况进行比较。我们在 Google Scholar、Pub Med、Scopus、Web of Science (ISI) 和 Science Direct 数据库中以胃癌、胃癌、胃肿瘤、胃肿瘤和伊朗为关键词进行了搜索，并获得了英文文章。经过两步筛选，202 篇文章中有 51 篇符合我们的研究条件（与伊朗胃癌的发病率、预后因素和生存率有关）。我们发现，虽然伊朗是胃癌高负担国家之一，但不同省份的发病率和死亡率却大相径庭（据报道，伊朗北部和南部的死亡率和发病率分别相差六倍和三十倍）。考虑到初始阶段是最重要的预后因素之一，也可能是最重要的预后因素，通过上内镜筛查，可以在早期阶段诊断该疾病，提高患者的生存率。我们建议卫生部根据高危人群的风险因素组合（尤其是地理区域）确定高危人群，并为伊朗制定一套具有成本效益的全国筛查算法。
{"title":"Incidence, Prognostic Factors, and Survival of Gastric Cancer in Iran: A review of evidence","authors":"Saeed Rezaei","doi":"10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14675","url":null,"abstract":"Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most prevalent cancer and the fourth in terms of cancer-related death worldwide. The GC is the most commonly diagnosed and the most important cause of cancer-related death in Iranians. Due to the significant burden of stomach cancer in Iran, we aimed to review all articles that have been conducted on the Incidence, Prognostic Factors, and survival of Gastric Cancer in Iran and compare them with the global situation. We surveyed Google Scholar, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science (ISI), and Science Direct databases using the keywords of Gastric Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Gastric Neoplasm, Stomach Neoplasm, and Iran and obtained English language articles. After a two-step screening of articles, 51 out of 202 remained eligible for our study (related to Incidence, Prognostic Factors, and survival of stomach Cancer in Iran). We found that although Iran is one of the high-burden countries for GC, the incidence rate and mortality rate are very different in different provinces (up to a six-fold and thirty-fold difference in mortality rate and incidence rate have been reported respectively in reviewed articles between Northern and Southern Iran). Considering that the initial stage is one of the most important and probably the most important prognostic factors, through upper endoscopy screening, the disease can be diagnosed in earlier stages and the survival of patients can be improved. We recommend the Ministry of Health identify high-risk people according to their combination of risk factors (especially geographical region) and make a national cost-effective screening algorithm for Iran.","PeriodicalId":504925,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14672
Hadiseh Mohammad pour, Reza Shirkoohi
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the main causes of death among women in Iran. Biomarkers involved in promotion and progression of disease is very important in management and control of BC outcomes. In this research, we aim to estimate the expression levels of Ezrin and Radixin, as two important factors in morphogenesis, endocytosis, exocytosis, adherence, and migration of cells, in BC patients and their relationship with pathological factors. Methods: One hundred and thirteen BC patients were involved in this research. Relative expression of Ezrin and Radixin genes were estimated with quantitative real-time PCR. Pathological data include the histology, tumor size, grade, lymphovascular invasion and clinical TNM (Tumor, Node, and Metastasis) staging of patients were recorded based on the pathology report and their relationship with relative expression of Ezrin and Radixin were estimated. Result: According to result Ezrin were over expressed in tumor samples in comparison to adjacent normal tissue. There is a significant relationship between over expression of Ezrin and Radixin and grade of tumor and necrosis. Also there is a direct relationship between relative expression of Ezrin and Radixin expression. Conclusions: These data support the role of Ezrin and Radixin in the biology of breast cancer and additional studies needed that determine the Ezrin and Radixin associated with phenotype and may validate them as markers of cancer progression and as a potential target for cancer therapy.
{"title":"Up Regulation of Ezrin and Radixin with respect to Grade of Tumors in Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Hadiseh Mohammad pour, Reza Shirkoohi","doi":"10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14672","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the main causes of death among women in Iran. Biomarkers involved in promotion and progression of disease is very important in management and control of BC outcomes. In this research, we aim to estimate the expression levels of Ezrin and Radixin, as two important factors in morphogenesis, endocytosis, exocytosis, adherence, and migration of cells, in BC patients and their relationship with pathological factors. \u0000Methods: One hundred and thirteen BC patients were involved in this research. Relative expression of Ezrin and Radixin genes were estimated with quantitative real-time PCR. Pathological data include the histology, tumor size, grade, lymphovascular invasion and clinical TNM (Tumor, Node, and Metastasis) staging of patients were recorded based on the pathology report and their relationship with relative expression of Ezrin and Radixin were estimated. \u0000Result: According to result Ezrin were over expressed in tumor samples in comparison to adjacent normal tissue. There is a significant relationship between over expression of Ezrin and Radixin and grade of tumor and necrosis. Also there is a direct relationship between relative expression of Ezrin and Radixin expression. \u0000Conclusions: These data support the role of Ezrin and Radixin in the biology of breast cancer and additional studies needed that determine the Ezrin and Radixin associated with phenotype and may validate them as markers of cancer progression and as a potential target for cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":504925,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14676
Alireza Ghanbari, Amir Norouzy, N. Balmeh, Najaf Allahyari Fard, M. Moosavi
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein with both kinase and endoribonuclease activities, plays an essential role during ER stress and its subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR). Recent evidence shows IRE1 signaling contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression, pointing to the therapeutic importance of this conserved arm of the UPR. Here, we employed different computational tools to design and predict short peptides with the capability of disrupting IRE1 dimerization/oligomerization, as a strategy for inhibiting its Kinase and RNase activities. A mutation-based peptide library was constructed using mCSM-PPI2 and OSPREY 3.0. The molecular interaction analyses between the designed peptides and IRE1 protein were conducted using the HADDOCK 2.2 online server, followed with molecular dynamics analysis by the GROMACS 2020 package. We then selected short peptide candidates that exhibited high affinity and best predicted physicochemical properties in complex with IRE1. Finally, online servers, such as ToxinPred and AllerTop, were used to identify the best peptide candidates that showed no significant allergenic or cytotoxic properties. These rational designed peptides with the capability of binding to IRE1 oligomerization domain can be considered as potential drug candidates for disrupting IRE1 activity in cancer and related diseases, pending for further validation by in silico and experimental studies.
{"title":"Computer-aided peptide-based drug design for inositol-requiring enzyme 1","authors":"Alireza Ghanbari, Amir Norouzy, N. Balmeh, Najaf Allahyari Fard, M. Moosavi","doi":"10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14676","url":null,"abstract":"Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein with both kinase and endoribonuclease activities, plays an essential role during ER stress and its subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR). Recent evidence shows IRE1 signaling contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression, pointing to the therapeutic importance of this conserved arm of the UPR. Here, we employed different computational tools to design and predict short peptides with the capability of disrupting IRE1 dimerization/oligomerization, as a strategy for inhibiting its Kinase and RNase activities. A mutation-based peptide library was constructed using mCSM-PPI2 and OSPREY 3.0. The molecular interaction analyses between the designed peptides and IRE1 protein were conducted using the HADDOCK 2.2 online server, followed with molecular dynamics analysis by the GROMACS 2020 package. We then selected short peptide candidates that exhibited high affinity and best predicted physicochemical properties in complex with IRE1. Finally, online servers, such as ToxinPred and AllerTop, were used to identify the best peptide candidates that showed no significant allergenic or cytotoxic properties. These rational designed peptides with the capability of binding to IRE1 oligomerization domain can be considered as potential drug candidates for disrupting IRE1 activity in cancer and related diseases, pending for further validation by in silico and experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":504925,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-13DOI: 10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14673
A. Goudarzian
When people hear about someone who has cancer, it is not uncommon for them to experience feelings of sympathy and pity. However, while these reactions are well-intentioned, they can have negative consequences for the patient. Sympathy is a feeling or emotional response characterized by compassion, understanding, and concern for the suffering or hardship experienced by another person. It involves the ability to share in the feelings of others and to genuinely care about their well-being. This article will explore the negative consequences of sympathy and pity reactions of people toward cancer patients.
{"title":"Consequences of Sympathy and Sense of Pity of People Towards Cancer Patients: an Opinion","authors":"A. Goudarzian","doi":"10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14673","url":null,"abstract":"When people hear about someone who has cancer, it is not uncommon for them to experience feelings of sympathy and pity. However, while these reactions are well-intentioned, they can have negative consequences for the patient. Sympathy is a feeling or emotional response characterized by compassion, understanding, and concern for the suffering or hardship experienced by another person. It involves the ability to share in the feelings of others and to genuinely care about their well-being. This article will explore the negative consequences of sympathy and pity reactions of people toward cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":504925,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) plays an important role in cellular metabolism. In gliomas, the mutational status of IDH1/2 genes have paramount significance, however, study from Western India is limited. Therefore, the current study we sought to explore the clinical impact of IDH1/2 mutations for glioma patients from Western India. Materials and Method: A total of 50 pre-therapeutic, histopathologically confirmed patients with astrocytoma tumors were included and IDH1/2 mutations were detected using real-time PCR. IDH1/2 mutations were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and disease outcome. Data was evaluated by SPSS software. Results: The overall incidence of IDH1/2 mutations was noted in 24% (12/50) of glioma patients. Out of 12 patients whose tumors showed IDH mutations, 83% patients have IDH1 mutations, whereas 17% showed IDH2 mutation. Further, in IDH1 mutations, IDH1 R132H & IDH1 R132C mutations were noted in, 80% and 20% of patients, respectively. When correlated with clinicopathological parameters, significant inverse correlation was found with patients age (χ2= 9.75, r = -0.476, p=0.001) and grade of tumors (χ2=17.51, r =-0.636, p=0.0001). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, a part from age (Log rank=5.443, p=0.020), IDH mutation status (Log rank=3.855, p=0.050), and both, IDH mutation and low grade glioma tumors (Log rank=6.492, p=0.039) remained significant parameters for predicting better 24 months PFS and OS of glioma patients. However, in multivariate survival analysis using Cox Proportional Hazard Forward Stepwise Model, only combination of low grade glioma with presence of IDH mutation emerged at step one as positive significant independent prognostic factor that predict better PFS (HR=2.92, 95% CI=1.12-7.61, p=0.028) and OS (HR=3.0, 95% CI=1.45-6.19, p=0.003). Conclusion: Based on this data, we concluded that for glioma patients, apart from patients age, low grade tumors with presence of IDH mutations remained significant independent positive prognosticators and would be helpful to clinicians for better management of glioma patients.
{"title":"Mutations in IDH1/2 Genes Predict Better Disease Outcome of Glioma Patients-A Study from Western India","authors":"Nikul Gohil, Neha Bhalala, Mittal Mistry, Priti Trivedi, Trupti Trivedi","doi":"10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/bccr.v14i4.14674","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) plays an important role in cellular metabolism. In gliomas, the mutational status of IDH1/2 genes have paramount significance, however, study from Western India is limited. Therefore, the current study we sought to explore the clinical impact of IDH1/2 mutations for glioma patients from Western India. \u0000Materials and Method: A total of 50 pre-therapeutic, histopathologically confirmed patients with astrocytoma tumors were included and IDH1/2 mutations were detected using real-time PCR. IDH1/2 mutations were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and disease outcome. Data was evaluated by SPSS software. \u0000Results: The overall incidence of IDH1/2 mutations was noted in 24% (12/50) of glioma patients. Out of 12 patients whose tumors showed IDH mutations, 83% patients have IDH1 mutations, whereas 17% showed IDH2 mutation. Further, in IDH1 mutations, IDH1 R132H & IDH1 R132C mutations were noted in, 80% and 20% of patients, respectively. When correlated with clinicopathological parameters, significant inverse correlation was found with patients age (χ2= 9.75, r = -0.476, p=0.001) and grade of tumors (χ2=17.51, r =-0.636, p=0.0001). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, a part from age (Log rank=5.443, p=0.020), IDH mutation status (Log rank=3.855, p=0.050), and both, IDH mutation and low grade glioma tumors (Log rank=6.492, p=0.039) remained significant parameters for predicting better 24 months PFS and OS of glioma patients. However, in multivariate survival analysis using Cox Proportional Hazard Forward Stepwise Model, only combination of low grade glioma with presence of IDH mutation emerged at step one as positive significant independent prognostic factor that predict better PFS (HR=2.92, 95% CI=1.12-7.61, p=0.028) and OS (HR=3.0, 95% CI=1.45-6.19, p=0.003). \u0000Conclusion: Based on this data, we concluded that for glioma patients, apart from patients age, low grade tumors with presence of IDH mutations remained significant independent positive prognosticators and would be helpful to clinicians for better management of glioma patients.","PeriodicalId":504925,"journal":{"name":"Basic & Clinical Cancer Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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