Agricultural sustainability plays an important role in improving air, water, soil, and the general environment around the world. The concept of sustainability depends primarily on economic, environmental, and social aspects. These aspects vary by region and type of crop grown, and the environment in which it is grown, so they usually work together to standardize agricultural sustainability. Mining has widespread effects on agriculture especially in the Hemgir block of Odisha, India, which has serious implications for agricultural sustainability, especially for small and marginal farmers. Current research involves designing a structural equation model (SEM) to assess the relationships between indicators that measure agricultural sustainability in the Hemgir block. Primary data were collected from 112 paddy farmers in Hemgir block to assess environmental, social, and economic interactions. The study found that there was a significant and positive correlation between environmental and economic indicators. One of the important things to learn from this study is to help stakeholders and the agricultural sector to understand the interrelationships between specific indicators. The government also needs to emphasize the environmental aspect and facilitate social and economic-focused handholding support.
{"title":"Agricultural Sustainability in a Mining Context: An Empirical Inquest in Hemgir Block of Odisha, India","authors":"Chhayakanta Mishra, Damodar Jena, Nishith Ranjan Parida, Padmalochan Rout, Nibal Dibiat","doi":"10.1155/2024/8829943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8829943","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural sustainability plays an important role in improving air, water, soil, and the general environment around the world. The concept of sustainability depends primarily on economic, environmental, and social aspects. These aspects vary by region and type of crop grown, and the environment in which it is grown, so they usually work together to standardize agricultural sustainability. Mining has widespread effects on agriculture especially in the Hemgir block of Odisha, India, which has serious implications for agricultural sustainability, especially for small and marginal farmers. Current research involves designing a structural equation model (SEM) to assess the relationships between indicators that measure agricultural sustainability in the Hemgir block. Primary data were collected from 112 paddy farmers in Hemgir block to assess environmental, social, and economic interactions. The study found that there was a significant and positive correlation between environmental and economic indicators. One of the important things to learn from this study is to help stakeholders and the agricultural sector to understand the interrelationships between specific indicators. The government also needs to emphasize the environmental aspect and facilitate social and economic-focused handholding support.","PeriodicalId":505503,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"74 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tran Van Dung, Nguyen Minh Dong, Nguyen Minh Phuong, Tat Anh Thu, Vu Van Long
This study investigated the effect of upland crop rotation on soil bacterial community in bulk soil and rice straw residues in the alluvial soils. Soil samples and rice straw residues in two crop rotation models including triple rice and rice-upland crops were collected for incubation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Data were analyzed from Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis band patterns. The results showed that the composition and diversity of communities colonizing the rice straw residues differed from those inhabiting the bulk soil. The bacterial community composition and diversity were only moderately affected by rice straw residues in the bulk soil. Especially, this study indicated that the composition of the bacterial community associated with the bulk soil and rice straw residues was dynamic in two incubation conditions (aerobic or anaerobic) and the different crop rotation models. The findings of this study demonstrated that the bacterial diversity was not affected by the difference in continuous paddy rice cultivation compared to the upland crop rotation system.
{"title":"Response of Bacterial Community Structure in the Bulk Soil and Rice Straw Residues under Different Crop Rotation Systems","authors":"Tran Van Dung, Nguyen Minh Dong, Nguyen Minh Phuong, Tat Anh Thu, Vu Van Long","doi":"10.1155/2024/6731745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6731745","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of upland crop rotation on soil bacterial community in bulk soil and rice straw residues in the alluvial soils. Soil samples and rice straw residues in two crop rotation models including triple rice and rice-upland crops were collected for incubation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Data were analyzed from Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis band patterns. The results showed that the composition and diversity of communities colonizing the rice straw residues differed from those inhabiting the bulk soil. The bacterial community composition and diversity were only moderately affected by rice straw residues in the bulk soil. Especially, this study indicated that the composition of the bacterial community associated with the bulk soil and rice straw residues was dynamic in two incubation conditions (aerobic or anaerobic) and the different crop rotation models. The findings of this study demonstrated that the bacterial diversity was not affected by the difference in continuous paddy rice cultivation compared to the upland crop rotation system.","PeriodicalId":505503,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"292 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139857211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tran Van Dung, Nguyen Minh Dong, Nguyen Minh Phuong, Tat Anh Thu, Vu Van Long
This study investigated the effect of upland crop rotation on soil bacterial community in bulk soil and rice straw residues in the alluvial soils. Soil samples and rice straw residues in two crop rotation models including triple rice and rice-upland crops were collected for incubation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Data were analyzed from Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis band patterns. The results showed that the composition and diversity of communities colonizing the rice straw residues differed from those inhabiting the bulk soil. The bacterial community composition and diversity were only moderately affected by rice straw residues in the bulk soil. Especially, this study indicated that the composition of the bacterial community associated with the bulk soil and rice straw residues was dynamic in two incubation conditions (aerobic or anaerobic) and the different crop rotation models. The findings of this study demonstrated that the bacterial diversity was not affected by the difference in continuous paddy rice cultivation compared to the upland crop rotation system.
{"title":"Response of Bacterial Community Structure in the Bulk Soil and Rice Straw Residues under Different Crop Rotation Systems","authors":"Tran Van Dung, Nguyen Minh Dong, Nguyen Minh Phuong, Tat Anh Thu, Vu Van Long","doi":"10.1155/2024/6731745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6731745","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of upland crop rotation on soil bacterial community in bulk soil and rice straw residues in the alluvial soils. Soil samples and rice straw residues in two crop rotation models including triple rice and rice-upland crops were collected for incubation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Data were analyzed from Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis band patterns. The results showed that the composition and diversity of communities colonizing the rice straw residues differed from those inhabiting the bulk soil. The bacterial community composition and diversity were only moderately affected by rice straw residues in the bulk soil. Especially, this study indicated that the composition of the bacterial community associated with the bulk soil and rice straw residues was dynamic in two incubation conditions (aerobic or anaerobic) and the different crop rotation models. The findings of this study demonstrated that the bacterial diversity was not affected by the difference in continuous paddy rice cultivation compared to the upland crop rotation system.","PeriodicalId":505503,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Jherina Pineda-Lázaro, Adela Vallejos-Tapullima, Ángel David Hernández-Amasifuen, S. Carballar-Hernández, Sixto Imán-Correa, F. Carvajal-Vallejos, Orlando Ríos-Ramírez, M. Corazon-Guivin
Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh (camu-camu) is a shrub native to the Amazon region that produces fruits with a high content of vitamin C and various bioactive compounds, making it a functional food with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. However, it is unknown which microorganisms are associated with its root system and can influence its growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with most plants and are essential for their establishment, survival, and productivity since they facilitate their nutrition, increase water absorption, and improve soil structure. Although the AMF association is already known in some species of Myrciaria, no report is available on its association in M. dubia. This study presents, for the first time, the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia from the INIA San Roque experimental station located in the Amazon region, Peru. For the morphological and molecular analyses of the AMF, samples of rhizospheric soil and roots from two native accessions of the National Germplasm Bank of M. dubia were collected. Eighteen AMF morphospecies were identified in rhizospheric soil, belonging to nine genera Acaulospora, Ambispora, Entrophospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Paraglomus, Funneliformis, and Sclerocystis, being the first one the most frequent. The roots of M. dubia showed high colonization by AMF (mean = 91%), and characteristic structures of arbuscular mycorrhizae, such as vesicles, hyphae, and arbuscules, could be observed. Likewise, the molecular analysis detected the presence of genetic material (rDNA) corresponding to AMF in the roots of both accessions. Our results evidenced the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia, which encourages further investigation of the functional potential of these microorganisms in this economically crucial agricultural plant in Peru.
Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh（camu-camu）是一种原产于亚马逊地区的灌木，结出的果实含有大量维生素 C 和各种生物活性化合物，是一种具有抗氧化、消炎和抗菌特性的功能性食品。然而，目前还不知道哪些微生物与它的根系有关，并能影响它的生长和产量。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）与大多数植物相关联，对植物的生长、存活和生产力至关重要，因为它们能促进植物的营养、增加水分吸收并改善土壤结构。尽管人们已经知道在某些种类的 Myrciaria 中存在菌根真菌关联，但还没有关于 M. dubia 中菌根真菌关联的报告。本研究首次介绍了秘鲁亚马逊地区 INIA San Roque 实验站中的 AMF 与 M. dubia 的共生关系。为了对 AMF 进行形态和分子分析，研究人员从 M. dubia 国家种质库的两个本地品种中采集了根瘤土壤和根部样本。在根瘤土壤中鉴定出了 18 个 AMF 形态种，分别属于 Acaulospora、Ambispora、Entrophospora、Diversispora、Gigaspora、Glomus、Paraglomus、Funneliformis 和 Sclerocystis 九个属，其中第一个属最为常见。M. dubia 的根部显示出很高的 AMF 定殖率（平均值 = 91%），并能观察到树根菌根的特征性结构，如囊泡、菌丝和树丛。同样，分子分析也检测到这两个品种的根中存在与 AMF 相对应的遗传物质（rDNA）。我们的研究结果证明了 AMF 与 M. dubia 之间的共生关系，有助于进一步研究这些微生物在秘鲁这种经济上至关重要的农业植物中的功能潜力。
{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Myrciaria dubia in the Amazonia Region, Peru","authors":"Alexandra Jherina Pineda-Lázaro, Adela Vallejos-Tapullima, Ángel David Hernández-Amasifuen, S. Carballar-Hernández, Sixto Imán-Correa, F. Carvajal-Vallejos, Orlando Ríos-Ramírez, M. Corazon-Guivin","doi":"10.1155/2024/9977517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9977517","url":null,"abstract":"Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh (camu-camu) is a shrub native to the Amazon region that produces fruits with a high content of vitamin C and various bioactive compounds, making it a functional food with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. However, it is unknown which microorganisms are associated with its root system and can influence its growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with most plants and are essential for their establishment, survival, and productivity since they facilitate their nutrition, increase water absorption, and improve soil structure. Although the AMF association is already known in some species of Myrciaria, no report is available on its association in M. dubia. This study presents, for the first time, the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia from the INIA San Roque experimental station located in the Amazon region, Peru. For the morphological and molecular analyses of the AMF, samples of rhizospheric soil and roots from two native accessions of the National Germplasm Bank of M. dubia were collected. Eighteen AMF morphospecies were identified in rhizospheric soil, belonging to nine genera Acaulospora, Ambispora, Entrophospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Paraglomus, Funneliformis, and Sclerocystis, being the first one the most frequent. The roots of M. dubia showed high colonization by AMF (mean = 91%), and characteristic structures of arbuscular mycorrhizae, such as vesicles, hyphae, and arbuscules, could be observed. Likewise, the molecular analysis detected the presence of genetic material (rDNA) corresponding to AMF in the roots of both accessions. Our results evidenced the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia, which encourages further investigation of the functional potential of these microorganisms in this economically crucial agricultural plant in Peru.","PeriodicalId":505503,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140480647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to assess the trends, opportunities, and challenges of the Ethiopian soybean export market in the past two decades (2004–2022), and forecasted the next 10-year export performance of the sector, to identify intervention area for factors that affects soybean export performance in the country. To address the objectives most latest scientific literature was intensely reviewed and the next 10 yearsʼ export was forecasted using Box–Jenkins, ARIMA (4,1,0). The review found out that in Ethiopia more than 90% of soybeans supplied to the market have been exported with a high increase for the past two decades but not comparable with the rise in the global market. In the country, there are unexploited high production and export opportunities associated with convenient agroecology condition zones for production, cheap and abundant labor force, popularity of the oilseed in the international market, and abundant arable land in the country. Nevertheless, in the past two decades, the sector was highly challenged by low productivity and quality of the crop; political instability and security situation; high price volatility, and competition in the international market. Unless the situation is improved, the ARIMA forecasted model result indicates Ethiopiaʼs soybean exports increase only to a certain extent in the next 10 years and the export bill of the country will be $97.4 million in 2032. Accordingly, the study identifies intervention areas including efficiently utilizing the existing abundant arable land and cheap labor force for production, improving the grain quality provided in the global market, protecting the popularity of Ethiopian organic oilseed, encouraging soybean marketing in Ethiopian commodity exchange platform, and secure political social instability in the country to improve the performance and benefit more from the sector.
{"title":"Trends, Opportunities, and Challenges of the Ethiopian Soybean Export Market in the Past Two Decades (2004–2022)","authors":"Habtamu Setargachew Molla, Zemen Ayalew Ayele, Marye Aragaw Zeleke","doi":"10.1155/2024/9979892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9979892","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to assess the trends, opportunities, and challenges of the Ethiopian soybean export market in the past two decades (2004–2022), and forecasted the next 10-year export performance of the sector, to identify intervention area for factors that affects soybean export performance in the country. To address the objectives most latest scientific literature was intensely reviewed and the next 10 yearsʼ export was forecasted using Box–Jenkins, ARIMA (4,1,0). The review found out that in Ethiopia more than 90% of soybeans supplied to the market have been exported with a high increase for the past two decades but not comparable with the rise in the global market. In the country, there are unexploited high production and export opportunities associated with convenient agroecology condition zones for production, cheap and abundant labor force, popularity of the oilseed in the international market, and abundant arable land in the country. Nevertheless, in the past two decades, the sector was highly challenged by low productivity and quality of the crop; political instability and security situation; high price volatility, and competition in the international market. Unless the situation is improved, the ARIMA forecasted model result indicates Ethiopiaʼs soybean exports increase only to a certain extent in the next 10 years and the export bill of the country will be $97.4 million in 2032. Accordingly, the study identifies intervention areas including efficiently utilizing the existing abundant arable land and cheap labor force for production, improving the grain quality provided in the global market, protecting the popularity of Ethiopian organic oilseed, encouraging soybean marketing in Ethiopian commodity exchange platform, and secure political social instability in the country to improve the performance and benefit more from the sector.","PeriodicalId":505503,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"279 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140499766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are an important nexus of biotechnology, agriculture, and research. GMOs have gained popularity because of their potential to address global food insecurity. However, the widespread adoption of GMOs has sparked debates and controversies. This study collected data on the threats and effects of the GMO ban and the status of implementation of Biosafety Act and Cartagena Protocol on biosafety in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was used with 216 participants sampled purposively and 16 key informants interviewed in a qualitative survey with triangulation of data from a scoping literature review. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents indicated GMOs and genetically modified (GM) foods are a solution to food security in Africa. A majority believe that the introduction of GMO technology and the use of GM food is beneficial (52.3%). Fifty-five percent of the respondents indicated that GM foods are safe. Most respondents (>90%) indicated that there is a low threat of GMO technology on the environment, human health, and animal health. The respondents (54.3%) agreed there is good adherence to the Cartagena Protocol. The correlation between awareness of the Cartagena Protocol on biosafety and views on whether there are adequate legal and regulatory frameworks was r = 0.4, indicating a weak but positive relationship between the two. Respondents who reported that the legal and regulatory frameworks were adequate were, therefore, likely (r = 0.4) to be aware of the Cartagena Protocol. There was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.67) on views that GM food is a solution to food insecurity. Understandably, the relationship between GM food health concerns and GM food as safe was moderately negative (r = −0.4591). The findings are important in addressing gaps in the current GMO regulations and implementation aimed at increasing awareness of GMO technology as well as informing policy on biotechnology.
{"title":"Public Perception of Genetically Modified Organisms and the Implementation of Biosafety Measures in Kenya","authors":"K. Catherine, B. R. Mugiira, N. J. Muchiri","doi":"10.1155/2024/5544617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5544617","url":null,"abstract":"Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are an important nexus of biotechnology, agriculture, and research. GMOs have gained popularity because of their potential to address global food insecurity. However, the widespread adoption of GMOs has sparked debates and controversies. This study collected data on the threats and effects of the GMO ban and the status of implementation of Biosafety Act and Cartagena Protocol on biosafety in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was used with 216 participants sampled purposively and 16 key informants interviewed in a qualitative survey with triangulation of data from a scoping literature review. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents indicated GMOs and genetically modified (GM) foods are a solution to food security in Africa. A majority believe that the introduction of GMO technology and the use of GM food is beneficial (52.3%). Fifty-five percent of the respondents indicated that GM foods are safe. Most respondents (>90%) indicated that there is a low threat of GMO technology on the environment, human health, and animal health. The respondents (54.3%) agreed there is good adherence to the Cartagena Protocol. The correlation between awareness of the Cartagena Protocol on biosafety and views on whether there are adequate legal and regulatory frameworks was r = 0.4, indicating a weak but positive relationship between the two. Respondents who reported that the legal and regulatory frameworks were adequate were, therefore, likely (r = 0.4) to be aware of the Cartagena Protocol. There was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.67) on views that GM food is a solution to food insecurity. Understandably, the relationship between GM food health concerns and GM food as safe was moderately negative (r = −0.4591). The findings are important in addressing gaps in the current GMO regulations and implementation aimed at increasing awareness of GMO technology as well as informing policy on biotechnology.","PeriodicalId":505503,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agriculture","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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