American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of gallbladder stone – A geological approach through cutting-edge field emission scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy with anti-cancerous properties examined for hep G2 (liver) cancer cell lines with validation through reactive oxygen species ","authors":"Yamini Malhotra, S. Subramanian, L. Vennila, M. V. Mukesh, N. S. Kumar","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_3_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_3_2024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Geology, traditionally focused on the study of Earth, ocean, and planetary rocks, extends to the examination of stones formed within the human body, such as those found in the bladder or kidneys. This research specifically targets the classification and elemental composition of gallbladder stones, with a concentrated analysis on the anionic and cationic constituents. The study employs a combination of advanced imaging and spectroscopic techniques to delve into the intricate details of these stones and evaluates their potential medical applications, particularly their anti-cancer properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The methodology involved in this research is multifaceted, incorporating several state-ofthe-art techniques. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was utilized to capture high-resolution images of the gallbladder stone samples, providing a detailed look at their surface morphology. Complementing this imaging technique, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was employed to determine the elemental composition of the samples. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectroscopy was conducted, both with and without chromium coating, to further analyze the elemental makeup of the stones.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results from these techniques revealed a comprehensive profile of the elemental composition of gallbladder stones. FESEM provided detailed images, allowing for a thorough examination of the stone’s microstructure. EDX analysis contributed to the identification of various elements present in the samples, highlighting the predominant anions and cations. EDXRF spectroscopy, with its high sensitivity and accuracy, corroborated these findings, ensuring a robust and precise determination of the elemental constituents.Beyond the geological analysis, the study explored the potential biomedical applications of gallbladder stones. Samples were tested for their anti-cancer properties using the MTT assay on Hep G2 liver cancer cells. The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay that measures the metabolic activity of cells, providing an indication of cell viability and proliferation. The gallbladder stones exhibited significant anti-cancerous properties, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 70.60, indicating their efficacy in inhibiting the growth of liver cancer cells. To further validate these findings, the samples underwent reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidant analysis. This analysis assesses the toxicity of the stones and their ability to act as antioxidants. The results confirmed that the gallbladder stones not only possess anti-cancerous properties but also exhibit antioxidant activity. The ROS analysis demonstrated that the stones could effectively neutralize reactive oxygen species, which are known to cause oxidative stress and contribute to the development and progression of cancer.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The conclusions drawn from this comprehensive study are twofold, providing significant contributions to both geological and biomedical research fi","PeriodicalId":505684,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"65 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential seaweed resources assessment: Its cultivation prospect and future biofuel feedstock","authors":"O. S. Olanrewaju, Hafiza Shukor, Giulia Guerrier, Debasis Bagchi, Okezie Aruoma, Syahidah K. Ismail","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_15_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_15_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Global issues on energy and fuel for sustainable development industrial and household system are a major concern in the world economy. Biofuel is a renewable energy source that can potentially be a replacement for fossil fuels. The utilization of algal biomass or seaweed organic matter is a good source of ethanol, methanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel. Malaysia’s waters recorded approximately 400 species of macroalgae, with several species found to be a potential source for biofuel application. An expedition study for the seaweed natural resources was carried out in December 2016 in coastal areas in Johor and Melaka, Peninsular Malaysia. Green seaweed, Ulva, large brown seaweed, Sargassum, and Gracilaria (red seaweed) are found in the selected study areas and these genera are listed as biofuel resources in the literature. The design of offshore mariculture system specifically for seaweed farming for biomass production for biofuel. The prototype was constructed and deployed in Bidong Island, Terengganu in 2016 before the monsoon. At the end of the monsoon period, the prototype is still stable in situ. Selected seaweed species with biofuel potential were trial cultivated on the system and the growth performance of the particular species was monitored. The suggested species for biofuel are Gracilaria and Ulva, while Kappaphycus is targeted for the food industry. Gracilaria and Ulva were also studied for their bioremediation potential and suitability to grow on the system. Gracilaria spp. was able to grow on the system, indicating the designed system is feasible for biomass production of seaweed. Further, the selected seaweed species can function as biofilters for the nutrients in the environment and acceptability for a wide salinity range meaning that the system can be applied in different locations such as estuary, inshore, or offshore. Seaweed biofuel and its subsequent advantage related to pollution-free energy generation is of critical importance.","PeriodicalId":505684,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"76 S337","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139794316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential seaweed resources assessment: Its cultivation prospect and future biofuel feedstock","authors":"O. S. Olanrewaju, Hafiza Shukor, Giulia Guerrier, Debasis Bagchi, Okezie Aruoma, Syahidah K. Ismail","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_15_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_15_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Global issues on energy and fuel for sustainable development industrial and household system are a major concern in the world economy. Biofuel is a renewable energy source that can potentially be a replacement for fossil fuels. The utilization of algal biomass or seaweed organic matter is a good source of ethanol, methanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel. Malaysia’s waters recorded approximately 400 species of macroalgae, with several species found to be a potential source for biofuel application. An expedition study for the seaweed natural resources was carried out in December 2016 in coastal areas in Johor and Melaka, Peninsular Malaysia. Green seaweed, Ulva, large brown seaweed, Sargassum, and Gracilaria (red seaweed) are found in the selected study areas and these genera are listed as biofuel resources in the literature. The design of offshore mariculture system specifically for seaweed farming for biomass production for biofuel. The prototype was constructed and deployed in Bidong Island, Terengganu in 2016 before the monsoon. At the end of the monsoon period, the prototype is still stable in situ. Selected seaweed species with biofuel potential were trial cultivated on the system and the growth performance of the particular species was monitored. The suggested species for biofuel are Gracilaria and Ulva, while Kappaphycus is targeted for the food industry. Gracilaria and Ulva were also studied for their bioremediation potential and suitability to grow on the system. Gracilaria spp. was able to grow on the system, indicating the designed system is feasible for biomass production of seaweed. Further, the selected seaweed species can function as biofilters for the nutrients in the environment and acceptability for a wide salinity range meaning that the system can be applied in different locations such as estuary, inshore, or offshore. Seaweed biofuel and its subsequent advantage related to pollution-free energy generation is of critical importance.","PeriodicalId":505684,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139854486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge regarding generic and branded medicine, attitude, and practice regarding their uses among medical and dental practitioners in South India","authors":"Sakthi Soundarya Lakshmi, A. Sukumaran, P. D. M. Kumar","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_18_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_18_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Health-care expenditures remain a major concern for the health-care system around the world. Around 80% of health-care expenditure is paid from the patient’s pocket and the use of generic medicine can save a lot of money. Hence, the present study was to determine the knowledge regarding generic and branded medicine, attitude, and practice regarding their uses among medical and dental practitioners in South India. A total of 100 registered medical and dental practitioners participated in this cross-sectional study. This study was carried out in February 2022. A self-developed validated questionnaire was adopted and distributed to the medical and dental practitioners in South India through an online Google Form forum to evaluate their knowledge regarding generic and branded medicine, attitude, and practice regarding their uses among the study participants. The statistical analyses were done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. About 43% and 38% of medical and dental practitioners were aware of Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadi Kendra. Similarly, 44% and 39% were also aware that generic drugs are as effective as branded drugs. For attitude, 37% and 41% of medical and dental practitioners agreed that generic drugs were safe when compared to innovator drugs. About 18% and 25% of medical and dental practitioners agreed that generics take longer to act in the body. For the practice, 21% and 18% agreed that they often prescribe generic medicine for their own and family members. Similarly, 23% and 12% agreed that they often prescribe the same dosage for both generic and branded medicine. Whereas, 9% and 22% agreed that switching a patient from a branded medicine to a generic medicine may affect the outcome of the therapy. In our study, we found that the practitioners had considerable knowledge regarding generic and branded medicines. However, furthermore training programs and dispensation of generic medicine in regular general pharmaceutical stores to improve access to the general public well being.","PeriodicalId":505684,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive compatibility study of ganciclovir with some common excipients","authors":"Anoop Mishra, Vivek Ranjan Sinha, Sumit Sharma, Alen T. Mathew, Raj Kumar, Ashok Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.25259/ajbps_4_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/ajbps_4_2023","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study is to illustrate compatibility testing of ganciclovir (GCV) with some common excipients that would be used to manufacture solid oral dosage forms. Different spectroscopy techniques were utilized to see the interaction of GCV with excipients such as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), magnesium stearate, and talc, and dicalcium phosphate. Further, a molecular docking study was also done to know the interaction of GCV with excipients. In vitro study of a physical mixture of GCV with excipients was performed to get the release of drug. A number of analytical techniques (differential scanning calorimetry [DSC] using DSC-Q20, TA instruments, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy [FTIR] spectroscopy using Spectrum RX 1, nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] using Bruker Advance Neo 500 MHz NMR spectrometer, etc.) have been used to explore the drug-excipient compatibility. Further, a suspected interaction was evaluated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). In vitro dissolution studies in different sets of experiments were accomplished to determine the influence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic attributes of excipients (MCC, lactose, dicalcium phosphate, and talc) on the dissolution profile of GCV using USP1-type dissolution apparatus. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies were also performed to evaluate any probable molecular interactions among drugs and excipients using Auto Dock VINA 1.2.0 software and GROMACS 5.0 software. Comparing FTIR and 1H NMR spectra of GCV and physical mixtures of GCV and excipients, no significant deviation of characteristic peaks in infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR signals was observed. The DSC of GCV showed two sharp endothermic peaks at 238.82°C and 255°C. The endothermic peak of GCV in DSC thermogram of physical mixtures was observed in nearly the same position except with lactose and dicalcium phosphate. A slightly deviated peak of GCV with a physical mixture of drug and lactose and dicalcium phosphate indicated that there were suspected interactions between the drug with lactose and dicalcium phosphate. These interactions were evaluated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and it confirmed that there was no interaction between drugs and excipients. In vitro dissolution studies determined the influence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic attributes of excipients on the dissolution profile of GCV. The physical mixture of GCV with MCC displayed a maximum amount (66.48%) of drug release in 10 min. On the other hand, a physical mixture of GCV with talc showed a minimum amount (12.08%) of drug release in 10 min. Docking study predicted that the number of interactions were more between GCV and lactose (four nos.) in comparison to GCV and MCC (two nos.). This interaction supported the in vitro drug release of a physical mixture of GCV with MCC which was higher than a mixture of GCV with lactose. Compatibility testing of GCV with used excipients by analytical techniques confirmed that GC","PeriodicalId":505684,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}