Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000310
Amruta M. Godbole, Aimin Chen, Ann M. Vuong
Toxicological studies indicate that neonicotinoids may be associated with disruptions in liver function due to an increase in oxidative stress. There are scant epidemiological studies investigating the chronic hepatotoxic effects of neonicotinoids. To examine the association between detectable concentrations of parent neonicotinoids and neonicotinoid metabolites with liver function markers among US adults, and whether sex modifies this association. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 data were used to estimate associations between detectable neonicotinoids and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), albumin, total bilirubin, total protein, and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) using multiple linear regression. Detectable levels of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid were associated with a decrease in GGT (β = −3.54 unit/l; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −6.48, −0.61) and detectable levels of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid were associated with a decrease in HSI (β = −1.11; 95% CI = −2.14, −0.07). Sex modified the association between any parent neonicotinoid and ALP (P int = 0.064) and the association between clothianidin and ALP (P int = 0.019), with a pattern of positive associations in males and inverse associations in females, though stratified associations did not reach statistical significance. Sex also modified the association between 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid and total protein (P int = 0.062), with a significant positive association in females (β = 0.14 g/dl; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.25) and a null association in males. Detectable concentrations of neonicotinoid metabolites were inversely associated with GGT and HSI in US adults. Evidence suggests neonicotinoids may influence liver function differently depending on sex. Future research is recommended to replicate the findings as the study was limited in its cross-sectional nature and inability to examine continuous neonicotinoid concentrations with liver function.
毒理学研究表明，由于氧化应激增加，新烟碱可能与肝功能紊乱有关。有关新烟碱类药物慢性肝毒性影响的流行病学研究很少。 研究美国成年人中新烟碱类母体和新烟碱类代谢物的可检测浓度与肝功能指标之间的关联，以及性别是否会改变这种关联。 利用 2015-2016 年全国健康与营养调查数据，采用多元线性回归法估算可检测到的新烟碱与血清碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰转氨酶 (GGT)、白蛋白、总胆红素、总蛋白和肝脏脂肪变性指数 (HSI) 之间的关联。 可检测到的 N-去甲基-啶虫脒水平与 GGT 下降相关（β = -3.54 单位/升；95% 置信区间 [CI] = -6.48，-0.61），可检测到的 5-羟基-吡虫啉水平与 HSI 下降相关（β =-1.11；95% CI = -2.14，-0.07）。性别改变了任何新烟碱类母体与 ALP 之间的关系（P int = 0.064），以及噻虫胺与 ALP 之间的关系（P int = 0.019），男性呈正相关，女性呈反相关，但分层关系未达到统计学显著性。性别也改变了 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid 与总蛋白之间的关系（P int = 0.062），女性呈显著正相关（β = 0.14 g/dl；95% CI = 0.03，0.25），男性则为负相关。 在美国成年人中，新烟碱代谢物的可检测浓度与 GGT 和 HSI 呈反比关系。有证据表明，新烟碱类药物对肝功能的影响可能因性别而异。由于该研究是横断面研究，无法检测新烟碱类药物的持续浓度与肝功能的关系，因此建议未来的研究对这些发现进行复制。
{"title":"Associations between neonicotinoids and liver function measures in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016","authors":"Amruta M. Godbole, Aimin Chen, Ann M. Vuong","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000310","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Toxicological studies indicate that neonicotinoids may be associated with disruptions in liver function due to an increase in oxidative stress. There are scant epidemiological studies investigating the chronic hepatotoxic effects of neonicotinoids.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To examine the association between detectable concentrations of parent neonicotinoids and neonicotinoid metabolites with liver function markers among US adults, and whether sex modifies this association.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 data were used to estimate associations between detectable neonicotinoids and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), albumin, total bilirubin, total protein, and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) using multiple linear regression.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Detectable levels of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid were associated with a decrease in GGT (β = −3.54 unit/l; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −6.48, −0.61) and detectable levels of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid were associated with a decrease in HSI (β = −1.11; 95% CI = −2.14, −0.07). Sex modified the association between any parent neonicotinoid and ALP (P\u0000 int = 0.064) and the association between clothianidin and ALP (P\u0000 int = 0.019), with a pattern of positive associations in males and inverse associations in females, though stratified associations did not reach statistical significance. Sex also modified the association between 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid and total protein (P\u0000 int = 0.062), with a significant positive association in females (β = 0.14 g/dl; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.25) and a null association in males.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Detectable concentrations of neonicotinoid metabolites were inversely associated with GGT and HSI in US adults. Evidence suggests neonicotinoids may influence liver function differently depending on sex. Future research is recommended to replicate the findings as the study was limited in its cross-sectional nature and inability to examine continuous neonicotinoid concentrations with liver function.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"49 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000308
P. Gogna, Michael M. Borghese, Paul J. Villeneuve, Premkumari Kumarathasan, Markey Johnson, Robin H. Shutt, J. Ashley-Martin, Maryse F. Bouchard, Will D. King
PM2.5, NO2, and O3 contribute to the development of adverse pregnancy complications. While studies have investigated the independent effects of these exposures, literature on their combined effects is limited. Our objective was to study the multipollutant effects of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on maternal systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We used data from 1170 pregnant women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study (MIREC) study in Canada. Air pollution exposures were assigned to each participant based on residential location. CRP was measured in third-trimester blood samples. We fit multipollutant linear regression models and evaluated the effects of air pollutant mixtures (14-day averages) using repeated-holdout Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and by calculating the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI). In multipollutant models adjusting for NO2, O3, and green space, each interquartile range (IQR) increase in 14-day average PM2.5 (IQR: 6.9 µg/m3) was associated with 27.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.2, 50.7) higher CRP. In air pollution mixture models adjusting for green space, each IQR increase in AQHI was associated with 37.7% (95% CI = 13.9, 66.5) higher CRP; and an IQR increase in the WQS index was associated with 78.6% (95% CI = 29.7, 146.0) higher CRP. PM2.5 has the strongest relationship of the individual pollutants examined with maternal blood CRP concentrations. Mixtures incorporating all three pollutants, assessed using the AQHI and WQS index, showed stronger relationships with CRP compared with individual pollutants and illustrate the importance of conducting multipollutant analyses.
{"title":"A cohort study of the multipollutant effects of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on C-reactive protein levels during pregnancy","authors":"P. Gogna, Michael M. Borghese, Paul J. Villeneuve, Premkumari Kumarathasan, Markey Johnson, Robin H. Shutt, J. Ashley-Martin, Maryse F. Bouchard, Will D. King","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000308","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 PM2.5, NO2, and O3 contribute to the development of adverse pregnancy complications. While studies have investigated the independent effects of these exposures, literature on their combined effects is limited. Our objective was to study the multipollutant effects of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 on maternal systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We used data from 1170 pregnant women enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study (MIREC) study in Canada. Air pollution exposures were assigned to each participant based on residential location. CRP was measured in third-trimester blood samples. We fit multipollutant linear regression models and evaluated the effects of air pollutant mixtures (14-day averages) using repeated-holdout Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and by calculating the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In multipollutant models adjusting for NO2, O3, and green space, each interquartile range (IQR) increase in 14-day average PM2.5 (IQR: 6.9 µg/m3) was associated with 27.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.2, 50.7) higher CRP. In air pollution mixture models adjusting for green space, each IQR increase in AQHI was associated with 37.7% (95% CI = 13.9, 66.5) higher CRP; and an IQR increase in the WQS index was associated with 78.6% (95% CI = 29.7, 146.0) higher CRP.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 PM2.5 has the strongest relationship of the individual pollutants examined with maternal blood CRP concentrations. Mixtures incorporating all three pollutants, assessed using the AQHI and WQS index, showed stronger relationships with CRP compared with individual pollutants and illustrate the importance of conducting multipollutant analyses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298
Yasuko Mano, Lei Yuan, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Masahiro Hashizume
Although the effects of temperature on genitourinary morbidity and mortality have been investigated in several countries, it remains largely unexplored in Japan. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) in Japan and the modifying roles of sex, age, and illness severity. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study with conditional quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the association between mean temperature and genitourinary EADs in all prefectures of Japan between 2015 and 2019. A mixed-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the association at the country level. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore differences in associations stratified by sex, age, and illness severity. We found an increased risk of genitourinary EAD associated with higher temperatures. The cumulative relative risk (RR) at the 99th temperature percentile compared with that at the 1st percentile was 1.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.60, 1.89]). We observed higher heat-related RRs in males (RR = 1.89; 95% CI = [1.73, 2.07]) than females (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.37, 1.76]), and in the younger (RR = 2.13; 95% CI = [1.86, 2.45]) than elderly (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.58]). We found a significant association for those with mild or moderate cases (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.62, 1.93]), but not for severe or life-threatening cases (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = [0.80, 1.82]). Our study revealed heat effects on genitourinary EADs in Japan. Men, youth, and mild-moderate illnesses were particularly vulnerable subgroups. These findings underscore the need for preventative measures aimed at mitigating the impact of temperature on genitourinary emergencies.
尽管温度对泌尿生殖系统发病率和死亡率的影响已在多个国家进行了调查，但在日本，这一问题在很大程度上仍未得到探讨。我们研究了日本环境温度与泌尿生殖系统紧急救护车派遣（EADs）之间的关系，以及性别、年龄和疾病严重程度的调节作用。 我们采用条件准泊松回归法进行了一项时间分层病例交叉研究，以估计2015年至2019年期间日本所有都道府县的平均气温与泌尿生殖系统紧急救护派遣之间的关联。采用混合效应荟萃分析法在国家层面汇集两者之间的关联。我们进行了分组分析，以探讨按性别、年龄和疾病严重程度分层的关联差异。 我们发现泌尿生殖系统 EAD 风险的增加与较高的温度有关。与温度百分位数第 1 位相比，温度百分位数第 99 位的累积相对风险 (RR) 为 1.74（95% 置信区间 (CI) = [1.60, 1.89]）。我们观察到，男性（RR = 1.89; 95% CI = [1.73, 2.07]）比女性（RR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.37, 1.76]）、年轻人（RR = 2.13; 95% CI = [1.86, 2.45]）比老年人（RR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.58]）的热相关 RR 值更高。我们发现，轻度或中度病例（RR = 1.77；95% CI = [1.62，1.93]）与高温有明显关联，而重度或危及生命的病例（RR = 1.20；95% CI = [0.80，1.82]）与高温无明显关联。 我们的研究揭示了高温对日本泌尿生殖系统 EAD 的影响。男性、年轻人和轻中度患者是特别易受影响的亚群。这些研究结果表明，有必要采取预防措施，以减轻温度对泌尿生殖系统急症的影响。
{"title":"Association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches in Japan: A nationwide case-crossover study","authors":"Yasuko Mano, Lei Yuan, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Masahiro Hashizume","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Although the effects of temperature on genitourinary morbidity and mortality have been investigated in several countries, it remains largely unexplored in Japan. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) in Japan and the modifying roles of sex, age, and illness severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study with conditional quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the association between mean temperature and genitourinary EADs in all prefectures of Japan between 2015 and 2019. A mixed-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the association at the country level. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore differences in associations stratified by sex, age, and illness severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We found an increased risk of genitourinary EAD associated with higher temperatures. The cumulative relative risk (RR) at the 99th temperature percentile compared with that at the 1st percentile was 1.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.60, 1.89]). We observed higher heat-related RRs in males (RR = 1.89; 95% CI = [1.73, 2.07]) than females (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.37, 1.76]), and in the younger (RR = 2.13; 95% CI = [1.86, 2.45]) than elderly (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.58]). We found a significant association for those with mild or moderate cases (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.62, 1.93]), but not for severe or life-threatening cases (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = [0.80, 1.82]).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study revealed heat effects on genitourinary EADs in Japan. Men, youth, and mild-moderate illnesses were particularly vulnerable subgroups. These findings underscore the need for preventative measures aimed at mitigating the impact of temperature on genitourinary emergencies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139777549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290
B. van Wendel de Joode, Jorge Peñaloza-Castañeda, Ana M Mora, Andrea Corrales-Vargas, Brenda Eskenazi, Jane A. Hoppin, Christian H. Lindh
To examine associations of prenatal biomarkers of pesticide exposure with birth size measures and length of gestation among newborns from the Infants’ Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica. We included 386 singleton liveborn newborns with data on birth size measures, length of gestation, and maternal urinary biomarkers of chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, and 2, 4-D during pregnancy. We associated biomarkers of exposure with birth outcomes using multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models. Concentrations were highest for ethylene thiourea (ETU, metabolite of mancozeb), median = 3.40; p10–90 = 1.90–6.79 µg/L, followed by 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) p50 = 1.76 p10–90 = 0.97–4.36 µg/L, and lowest for 2,4-D (p50 = 0.33 p10–90 = 0.18–1.07 µg/L). Among term newborns (≥37 weeks), higher prenatal TCP was associated with lower birth weight and smaller head circumference (e.g., β per 10-fold-increase) during the second half of pregnancy = −129.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −255.8, −3.5) grams, and −0.61 (95% CI = −1.05, −0.17) centimeters, respectively. Also, among term newborns, prenatal 2,4-D was associated with lower birth weight (β per 10-fold-increase = −125.1; 95% CI = −228.8, −21.5), smaller head circumference (β = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.03), and, during the second half of pregnancy, with shorter body length (β = −0.58; 95% CI = −1.09, −0.07). Furthermore, ETU was nonlinearly associated with head circumference during the second half of pregnancy. Biomarkers of pyrethroids and pyrimethanil were not associated with birth size, and none of the biomarkers explained the length of gestation. Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D, and, possibly, mancozeb/ETU, may impair fetal growth.
{"title":"Pesticide exposure, birth size, and gestational age in the ISA birth cohort, Costa Rica","authors":"B. van Wendel de Joode, Jorge Peñaloza-Castañeda, Ana M Mora, Andrea Corrales-Vargas, Brenda Eskenazi, Jane A. Hoppin, Christian H. Lindh","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To examine associations of prenatal biomarkers of pesticide exposure with birth size measures and length of gestation among newborns from the Infants’ Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We included 386 singleton liveborn newborns with data on birth size measures, length of gestation, and maternal urinary biomarkers of chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, and 2, 4-D during pregnancy. We associated biomarkers of exposure with birth outcomes using multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Concentrations were highest for ethylene thiourea (ETU, metabolite of mancozeb), median = 3.40; p10–90 = 1.90–6.79 µg/L, followed by 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) p50 = 1.76 p10–90 = 0.97–4.36 µg/L, and lowest for 2,4-D (p50 = 0.33 p10–90 = 0.18–1.07 µg/L). Among term newborns (≥37 weeks), higher prenatal TCP was associated with lower birth weight and smaller head circumference (e.g., β per 10-fold-increase) during the second half of pregnancy = −129.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −255.8, −3.5) grams, and −0.61 (95% CI = −1.05, −0.17) centimeters, respectively. Also, among term newborns, prenatal 2,4-D was associated with lower birth weight (β per 10-fold-increase = −125.1; 95% CI = −228.8, −21.5), smaller head circumference (β = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.03), and, during the second half of pregnancy, with shorter body length (β = −0.58; 95% CI = −1.09, −0.07). Furthermore, ETU was nonlinearly associated with head circumference during the second half of pregnancy. Biomarkers of pyrethroids and pyrimethanil were not associated with birth size, and none of the biomarkers explained the length of gestation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D, and, possibly, mancozeb/ETU, may impair fetal growth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"69 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139776756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290
B. van Wendel de Joode, Jorge Peñaloza-Castañeda, Ana M Mora, Andrea Corrales-Vargas, Brenda Eskenazi, Jane A. Hoppin, Christian H. Lindh
To examine associations of prenatal biomarkers of pesticide exposure with birth size measures and length of gestation among newborns from the Infants’ Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica. We included 386 singleton liveborn newborns with data on birth size measures, length of gestation, and maternal urinary biomarkers of chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, and 2, 4-D during pregnancy. We associated biomarkers of exposure with birth outcomes using multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models. Concentrations were highest for ethylene thiourea (ETU, metabolite of mancozeb), median = 3.40; p10–90 = 1.90–6.79 µg/L, followed by 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) p50 = 1.76 p10–90 = 0.97–4.36 µg/L, and lowest for 2,4-D (p50 = 0.33 p10–90 = 0.18–1.07 µg/L). Among term newborns (≥37 weeks), higher prenatal TCP was associated with lower birth weight and smaller head circumference (e.g., β per 10-fold-increase) during the second half of pregnancy = −129.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −255.8, −3.5) grams, and −0.61 (95% CI = −1.05, −0.17) centimeters, respectively. Also, among term newborns, prenatal 2,4-D was associated with lower birth weight (β per 10-fold-increase = −125.1; 95% CI = −228.8, −21.5), smaller head circumference (β = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.03), and, during the second half of pregnancy, with shorter body length (β = −0.58; 95% CI = −1.09, −0.07). Furthermore, ETU was nonlinearly associated with head circumference during the second half of pregnancy. Biomarkers of pyrethroids and pyrimethanil were not associated with birth size, and none of the biomarkers explained the length of gestation. Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D, and, possibly, mancozeb/ETU, may impair fetal growth.
{"title":"Pesticide exposure, birth size, and gestational age in the ISA birth cohort, Costa Rica","authors":"B. van Wendel de Joode, Jorge Peñaloza-Castañeda, Ana M Mora, Andrea Corrales-Vargas, Brenda Eskenazi, Jane A. Hoppin, Christian H. Lindh","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000290","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To examine associations of prenatal biomarkers of pesticide exposure with birth size measures and length of gestation among newborns from the Infants’ Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We included 386 singleton liveborn newborns with data on birth size measures, length of gestation, and maternal urinary biomarkers of chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, and 2, 4-D during pregnancy. We associated biomarkers of exposure with birth outcomes using multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Concentrations were highest for ethylene thiourea (ETU, metabolite of mancozeb), median = 3.40; p10–90 = 1.90–6.79 µg/L, followed by 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) p50 = 1.76 p10–90 = 0.97–4.36 µg/L, and lowest for 2,4-D (p50 = 0.33 p10–90 = 0.18–1.07 µg/L). Among term newborns (≥37 weeks), higher prenatal TCP was associated with lower birth weight and smaller head circumference (e.g., β per 10-fold-increase) during the second half of pregnancy = −129.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −255.8, −3.5) grams, and −0.61 (95% CI = −1.05, −0.17) centimeters, respectively. Also, among term newborns, prenatal 2,4-D was associated with lower birth weight (β per 10-fold-increase = −125.1; 95% CI = −228.8, −21.5), smaller head circumference (β = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.03), and, during the second half of pregnancy, with shorter body length (β = −0.58; 95% CI = −1.09, −0.07). Furthermore, ETU was nonlinearly associated with head circumference during the second half of pregnancy. Biomarkers of pyrethroids and pyrimethanil were not associated with birth size, and none of the biomarkers explained the length of gestation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D, and, possibly, mancozeb/ETU, may impair fetal growth.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"130 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298
Yasuko Mano, Lei Yuan, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Masahiro Hashizume
Although the effects of temperature on genitourinary morbidity and mortality have been investigated in several countries, it remains largely unexplored in Japan. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) in Japan and the modifying roles of sex, age, and illness severity. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study with conditional quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the association between mean temperature and genitourinary EADs in all prefectures of Japan between 2015 and 2019. A mixed-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the association at the country level. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore differences in associations stratified by sex, age, and illness severity. We found an increased risk of genitourinary EAD associated with higher temperatures. The cumulative relative risk (RR) at the 99th temperature percentile compared with that at the 1st percentile was 1.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.60, 1.89]). We observed higher heat-related RRs in males (RR = 1.89; 95% CI = [1.73, 2.07]) than females (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.37, 1.76]), and in the younger (RR = 2.13; 95% CI = [1.86, 2.45]) than elderly (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.58]). We found a significant association for those with mild or moderate cases (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.62, 1.93]), but not for severe or life-threatening cases (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = [0.80, 1.82]). Our study revealed heat effects on genitourinary EADs in Japan. Men, youth, and mild-moderate illnesses were particularly vulnerable subgroups. These findings underscore the need for preventative measures aimed at mitigating the impact of temperature on genitourinary emergencies.
尽管温度对泌尿生殖系统发病率和死亡率的影响已在多个国家进行了调查，但在日本，这一问题在很大程度上仍未得到探讨。我们研究了日本环境温度与泌尿生殖系统紧急救护车派遣（EADs）之间的关系，以及性别、年龄和疾病严重程度的调节作用。 我们采用条件准泊松回归法进行了一项时间分层病例交叉研究，以估计2015年至2019年期间日本所有都道府县的平均气温与泌尿生殖系统紧急救护派遣之间的关联。采用混合效应荟萃分析法在国家层面汇集两者之间的关联。我们进行了分组分析，以探讨按性别、年龄和疾病严重程度分层的关联差异。 我们发现泌尿生殖系统 EAD 风险的增加与较高的温度有关。与温度百分位数第 1 位相比，温度百分位数第 99 位的累积相对风险 (RR) 为 1.74（95% 置信区间 (CI) = [1.60, 1.89]）。我们观察到，男性（RR = 1.89; 95% CI = [1.73, 2.07]）比女性（RR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.37, 1.76]）、年轻人（RR = 2.13; 95% CI = [1.86, 2.45]）比老年人（RR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.58]）的热相关 RR 值更高。我们发现，轻度或中度病例（RR = 1.77；95% CI = [1.62，1.93]）与高温有明显关联，而重度或危及生命的病例（RR = 1.20；95% CI = [0.80，1.82]）与高温无明显关联。 我们的研究揭示了高温对日本泌尿生殖系统 EAD 的影响。男性、年轻人和轻中度患者是特别易受影响的亚群。这些研究结果表明，有必要采取预防措施，以减轻温度对泌尿生殖系统急症的影响。
{"title":"Association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches in Japan: A nationwide case-crossover study","authors":"Yasuko Mano, Lei Yuan, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Masahiro Hashizume","doi":"10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ee9.0000000000000298","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Although the effects of temperature on genitourinary morbidity and mortality have been investigated in several countries, it remains largely unexplored in Japan. We investigated the association between ambient temperature and genitourinary emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) in Japan and the modifying roles of sex, age, and illness severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study with conditional quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the association between mean temperature and genitourinary EADs in all prefectures of Japan between 2015 and 2019. A mixed-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the association at the country level. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore differences in associations stratified by sex, age, and illness severity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We found an increased risk of genitourinary EAD associated with higher temperatures. The cumulative relative risk (RR) at the 99th temperature percentile compared with that at the 1st percentile was 1.74 (95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.60, 1.89]). We observed higher heat-related RRs in males (RR = 1.89; 95% CI = [1.73, 2.07]) than females (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = [1.37, 1.76]), and in the younger (RR = 2.13; 95% CI = [1.86, 2.45]) than elderly (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = [1.22, 1.58]). We found a significant association for those with mild or moderate cases (RR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.62, 1.93]), but not for severe or life-threatening cases (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = [0.80, 1.82]).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study revealed heat effects on genitourinary EADs in Japan. Men, youth, and mild-moderate illnesses were particularly vulnerable subgroups. These findings underscore the need for preventative measures aimed at mitigating the impact of temperature on genitourinary emergencies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":505729,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139837255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：