Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.1024/2673-8627/a000060
John Magnus Roos
Abstract: Introduction: This study analyzes the effects of personality traits on the stockpiling of groceries in the United Kingdom during the COVID–19 pandemic. The sample is representative of the UK population in terms of age, gender, and residential area. Methods: We collected the data through five rounds of web surveys during the spring of 2020 ( N = 1025). We used the Big Five Inventory (BFI–10) to measure personality traits. We analyzed the data using independent t-tests and logistic regression. Results: The independent t-tests show that “stockpilers” have a higher degree of Neuroticism and a lower degree of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness than “nonstockpilers.” Logistic regressions moreover show that differences in Neuroticism are related to other personality traits, and that differences in Agreeableness are largely related to age and residential area. The low degree of Conscientiousness among “stockpilers” remains, after we controlled for other factors in the model (i.e., personality traits, gender, age, and residential area). Discussion: We discuss the findings regarding previous research. Understanding personality traits and stockpiling is important to prepare and manage similar extraordinary situations that may occur in the future.
摘要：导言：本研究分析了在 COVID-19 大流行期间，人格特质对英国人囤积杂货的影响。样本在年龄、性别和居住地区方面均代表英国人口。调查方法我们在 2020 年春季通过五轮网络调查收集数据（N = 1025）。我们使用大五人格量表（BFI-10）来测量人格特质。我们使用独立 t 检验和逻辑回归对数据进行了分析。结果显示独立 t 检验表明，与 "非储备者 "相比，"储备者 "的神经质程度较高，而 "宜人性 "和 "自觉性 "程度较低。逻辑回归还显示，神经质的差异与其他人格特质有关，而宜人性的差异则主要与年龄和居住地区有关。在我们控制了模型中的其他因素（即人格特质、性别、年龄和居住地区）后，"库存管理员 "的自觉性仍然较低。讨论：我们就先前的研究结果进行了讨论。了解人格特质和储备对于准备和管理未来可能发生的类似特殊情况非常重要。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1024/2673-8627/a000058
Lea Laasner Vogt, Ester Reijnen, S. J. Kühne, Marc Sulser
Abstract: Introduction and aim: Pictograms can make taking medication safer. However, little is known about how pictograms on a medication package influence the subjective assessment of a medication. Methods: In this online study, 276 participants were presented with a fictitious package that contained 0 to 5 pictograms of possible side effects. Participants had to assess the probability of side effects occurring as well as the benefits and harms of the medication, both before and after consulting the package insert. Results: The number of pictograms (leveling out at 2 pictograms) influenced the assessment of the probability of side effects occurring. In addition, the assessment of this measure served as an anchor for assessing all subsequent measures (e.g., benefit). Although participants adjusted their measures after package insert consultation - these adjustments were insufficient (as expected from a normative probability account). Discussion and conclusion: Pictograms influence medication assessment, and humans can process only a limited number of pictograms.
{"title":"The Number of Pictograms About Side Effects on the Medication Package Influences Medication Risk Perception","authors":"Lea Laasner Vogt, Ester Reijnen, S. J. Kühne, Marc Sulser","doi":"10.1024/2673-8627/a000058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/2673-8627/a000058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Introduction and aim: Pictograms can make taking medication safer. However, little is known about how pictograms on a medication package influence the subjective assessment of a medication. Methods: In this online study, 276 participants were presented with a fictitious package that contained 0 to 5 pictograms of possible side effects. Participants had to assess the probability of side effects occurring as well as the benefits and harms of the medication, both before and after consulting the package insert. Results: The number of pictograms (leveling out at 2 pictograms) influenced the assessment of the probability of side effects occurring. In addition, the assessment of this measure served as an anchor for assessing all subsequent measures (e.g., benefit). Although participants adjusted their measures after package insert consultation - these adjustments were insufficient (as expected from a normative probability account). Discussion and conclusion: Pictograms influence medication assessment, and humans can process only a limited number of pictograms.","PeriodicalId":505734,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychology Open","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1024/2673-8627/a000049
Lotte De Schrijver, E. Fomenko, Isabell Schuster, Paulina Tomaszewska, Sonia Dias, I. Keygnaert
Abstract: Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide issued lockdown and social-distancing measures, which triggers psychological distress and may increase the occurrence of domestic violence (DV). We examined the role of the LGBT+ status in the relationship between risk factors of DV and its occurrence during the pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study (n = 5,148), an online self-report questionnaire was administered to a non-probabilistic sample of participants living in Belgium, Germany, and Portugal between March and June 2020. Participants were sampled through national media, social media, and snowballing procedures. Results: LGBT+ persons reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress, more acute stress symptoms, and more illegal drug use during the first weeks of the lockdown compared to non-LGBT+ persons. DV in LGBT+ persons was not more prevalent than in the non-LGBT under COVID-19 lockdown measures. No significant evidence was found indicating that identifying as LGBT+ itself increases the risk of DV exposure. Conclusion: LGBT+ persons were more at risk of DV compared to non-LGBT+ persons prior to but not during COVID-19 lockdown measures. The increased risk for DV can be linked to socio-demographic characteristics, levels of stress, and illegal drug use which are more prevalent in LGBT+ persons than in non-LGBT+ persons.
摘要：背景：在 COVID-19 大流行期间，世界各国政府采取了封锁和社会隔离措施，这引发了心理困扰，并可能增加家庭暴力（DV）的发生。我们研究了 LGBT+ 身份在 DV 风险因素与大流行期间 DV 发生率之间关系中的作用。研究方法在这项横断面研究中（n = 5,148），我们在 2020 年 3 月至 6 月间对居住在比利时、德国和葡萄牙的非概率样本参与者进行了在线自我报告问卷调查。参与者是通过国家媒体、社交媒体和滚雪球程序抽取的。结果显示与非 LGBT+ 人员相比，LGBT+ 人员在被封锁的头几周内报告的感知压力水平明显更高，急性压力症状更多，使用非法药物的情况也更多。在 COVID-19 封锁措施下，LGBT+人员的家庭暴力发生率并不比非 LGBT 人员高。没有重要证据表明，LGBT+身份本身会增加遭受家庭暴力的风险。结论在 COVID-19 封锁措施之前，LGBT+人群比非 LGBT+人群面临更高的家庭暴力风险，但在 COVID-19 封锁措施期间并非如此。DV风险的增加可能与社会人口特征、压力水平和非法药物使用有关，而这些因素在LGBT+人群中比在非LGBT+人群中更为普遍。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1024/2673-8627/a000049
Lotte De Schrijver, E. Fomenko, Isabell Schuster, Paulina Tomaszewska, Sonia Dias, I. Keygnaert
Abstract: Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide issued lockdown and social-distancing measures, which triggers psychological distress and may increase the occurrence of domestic violence (DV). We examined the role of the LGBT+ status in the relationship between risk factors of DV and its occurrence during the pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study (n = 5,148), an online self-report questionnaire was administered to a non-probabilistic sample of participants living in Belgium, Germany, and Portugal between March and June 2020. Participants were sampled through national media, social media, and snowballing procedures. Results: LGBT+ persons reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress, more acute stress symptoms, and more illegal drug use during the first weeks of the lockdown compared to non-LGBT+ persons. DV in LGBT+ persons was not more prevalent than in the non-LGBT under COVID-19 lockdown measures. No significant evidence was found indicating that identifying as LGBT+ itself increases the risk of DV exposure. Conclusion: LGBT+ persons were more at risk of DV compared to non-LGBT+ persons prior to but not during COVID-19 lockdown measures. The increased risk for DV can be linked to socio-demographic characteristics, levels of stress, and illegal drug use which are more prevalent in LGBT+ persons than in non-LGBT+ persons.
摘要：背景：在 COVID-19 大流行期间，世界各国政府采取了封锁和社会隔离措施，这引发了心理困扰，并可能增加家庭暴力（DV）的发生。我们研究了 LGBT+ 身份在 DV 风险因素与大流行期间 DV 发生率之间关系中的作用。研究方法在这项横断面研究中（n = 5,148），我们在 2020 年 3 月至 6 月间对居住在比利时、德国和葡萄牙的非概率样本参与者进行了在线自我报告问卷调查。参与者是通过国家媒体、社交媒体和滚雪球程序抽取的。结果显示与非 LGBT+ 人员相比，LGBT+ 人员在被封锁的头几周内报告的感知压力水平明显更高，急性压力症状更多，使用非法药物的情况也更多。在 COVID-19 封锁措施下，LGBT+人员的家庭暴力发生率并不比非 LGBT 人员高。没有重要证据表明，LGBT+身份本身会增加遭受家庭暴力的风险。结论在 COVID-19 封锁措施之前，LGBT+人群比非 LGBT+人群面临更高的家庭暴力风险，但在 COVID-19 封锁措施期间并非如此。DV风险的增加可能与社会人口特征、压力水平和非法药物使用有关，而这些因素在LGBT+人群中比在非LGBT+人群中更为普遍。
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Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1024/2673-8627/a000050
Dirk Kranz, Josip Razum, Glen S. Jankowski
Abstract: Introduction: Against the backdrop of increasing body image concerns among men, the present study examined two factors that might underlie men’s baldness distress: rigid perfectionism and anxiety about physical aging. Methods: An international sample of 355 men with varying degrees of baldness and an age range of 19 to 64 years were surveyed. Results: As hypothesized, participants scoring high in rigid perfectionism showed higher levels of baldness distress. This association was partially mediated by anxiety about physical aging. The mediation was not further moderated by participants’ age, degree and duration of baldness, cultural context, or racial identity, which underlines the generalizability of results. Discussion and Conclusion: The discussion centers around the partial rather than complete mediation by aging anxiety and implications of the findings for supporting balding men in the public health domain.
{"title":"Perfectionism and Baldness Distress in Men","authors":"Dirk Kranz, Josip Razum, Glen S. Jankowski","doi":"10.1024/2673-8627/a000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1024/2673-8627/a000050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Introduction: Against the backdrop of increasing body image concerns among men, the present study examined two factors that might underlie men’s baldness distress: rigid perfectionism and anxiety about physical aging. Methods: An international sample of 355 men with varying degrees of baldness and an age range of 19 to 64 years were surveyed. Results: As hypothesized, participants scoring high in rigid perfectionism showed higher levels of baldness distress. This association was partially mediated by anxiety about physical aging. The mediation was not further moderated by participants’ age, degree and duration of baldness, cultural context, or racial identity, which underlines the generalizability of results. Discussion and Conclusion: The discussion centers around the partial rather than complete mediation by aging anxiety and implications of the findings for supporting balding men in the public health domain.","PeriodicalId":505734,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychology Open","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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