Using tapes in drip irrigation is associated with environmental problems due to the accumulation of tapes in agricultural areas. Farmers either leave them on the fields or burn them or bury them. All three of these methods pose dangerous environmental hazards. To address this issue, it is recommended that these materials be produced from or with biodegradable materials. In this study, a biodegradable additive was used as a degradation accelerator in the production of tapes. After the production of these tapes, they were used under real conditions and during a growing season and in two treatments: below and on the soil surface, along with a canopy and without shade (beans and radishes). After 6 and 11 months, the tapes were sampled to investigate their degradation. The results showed that tapes made with oxo as an additive began to degrade more quickly than did conventional tapes. A reduction in properties such as weight (p < 0.05), turbidity (p < 0.05), and mechanical properties such as tensile strength at the rupture point (p < 0.05), elongation at the rupture point (p > 0.05), Young's modulus (p < 0.05) and toughness (p < 0.05) in tapes produced with oxo additives shows more and faster degradation than conventional tapes. Therefore, the use of oxo master batches in the production of tapes is possible and useful.
{"title":"Using degradable oxidizing additives in the manufacturing of drip irrigation tapes to prevent environmental problems","authors":"Mohammadhadi Mohammadi, Mohammadreza Khaledian, Jamalali Olfati","doi":"10.1002/ird.3002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3002","url":null,"abstract":"Using tapes in drip irrigation is associated with environmental problems due to the accumulation of tapes in agricultural areas. Farmers either leave them on the fields or burn them or bury them. All three of these methods pose dangerous environmental hazards. To address this issue, it is recommended that these materials be produced from or with biodegradable materials. In this study, a biodegradable additive was used as a degradation accelerator in the production of tapes. After the production of these tapes, they were used under real conditions and during a growing season and in two treatments: below and on the soil surface, along with a canopy and without shade (beans and radishes). After 6 and 11 months, the tapes were sampled to investigate their degradation. The results showed that tapes made with oxo as an additive began to degrade more quickly than did conventional tapes. A reduction in properties such as weight (p < 0.05), turbidity (p < 0.05), and mechanical properties such as tensile strength at the rupture point (p < 0.05), elongation at the rupture point (p > 0.05), Young's modulus (p < 0.05) and toughness (p < 0.05) in tapes produced with oxo additives shows more and faster degradation than conventional tapes. Therefore, the use of oxo master batches in the production of tapes is possible and useful.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"120 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought management in the agricultural sector requires monitoring and prediction of this phenomenon, as well as providing a suitable cropping pattern. In this study, the reconnaissance drought index (RDI) was used for drought monitoring in Fars Province, Iran. The status of water resources was predicted using a model that matches the time series of the RDI and the groundwater level. The optimal cropping pattern was obtained according to the predicted available water resources using a genetic algorithm. Generally, the actual and predicted changes in groundwater levels indicate the critical conditions of groundwater resources in the study area. Groundwater resource consumption should be lowered by implementing deficit irrigation scenarios that result in keeping crops with lower sensitivity to water deficit in cropping patterns such as barley, wheat, canola, forage corn and potato. The cropping pattern optimization results suggest an increase in the area allocated to more economical crops in the northern half of Fars Province due to the better temporal distribution of annual rainfall and better water resource conditions. However, with increasing water costs, the cultivation area and the optimal water reduction fraction of these plants decreased.
{"title":"Providing optimal cropping patterns and water consumption according to monitored and forecasted drought conditions","authors":"Farzaneh Khajehi, M. M. Moghimi, A. Zarei","doi":"10.1002/ird.3003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3003","url":null,"abstract":"Drought management in the agricultural sector requires monitoring and prediction of this phenomenon, as well as providing a suitable cropping pattern. In this study, the reconnaissance drought index (RDI) was used for drought monitoring in Fars Province, Iran. The status of water resources was predicted using a model that matches the time series of the RDI and the groundwater level. The optimal cropping pattern was obtained according to the predicted available water resources using a genetic algorithm. Generally, the actual and predicted changes in groundwater levels indicate the critical conditions of groundwater resources in the study area. Groundwater resource consumption should be lowered by implementing deficit irrigation scenarios that result in keeping crops with lower sensitivity to water deficit in cropping patterns such as barley, wheat, canola, forage corn and potato. The cropping pattern optimization results suggest an increase in the area allocated to more economical crops in the northern half of Fars Province due to the better temporal distribution of annual rainfall and better water resource conditions. However, with increasing water costs, the cultivation area and the optimal water reduction fraction of these plants decreased.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"141 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Imamoğlu Agricultural Irrigation Automation Project aims to revolutionize water management and allocation in agricultural irrigation through the establishment of a central management‐based system. By integrating modern irrigation technologies and systems, the project seeks to optimize water usage by monitoring key variables such as irrigation methods and plant–water–yield relationships. The electronic water management system (ESYS), at the core of this initiative, employs a geographic information system (GIS)‐based interface and real‐time data to facilitate active participation of farmers and water stakeholders. Through the utilization of deep learning technology and real‐time data analysis, the system enables timely and informed irrigation planning, resulting in significant water savings and increased productivity. The project's implementation, focused on the Imamoğlu Irrigation System, has gradually introduced a remote central management‐based agricultural irrigation automation system to 2,240 farmers. Integrated with the ESYS, this system offers benefits including enhanced water supply security, remote access to irrigation control, soil moisture monitoring, weather‐based irrigation planning and centralized plant pattern management. The project aims to promote efficient water usage, maximize food production and serve as a model for future irrigation projects. Key highlights include up to 65%–70% increase in water savings, up to 90% reduction in energy and fuel savings, up to 90% reduction in labour and personnel savings and more efficient irrigation management, among others.
{"title":"Transforming an irrigation system to a smart irrigation system: A case study from Türkiye (Turkey)","authors":"Mehmet Akif Balta, M. I. Kulat","doi":"10.1002/ird.3004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3004","url":null,"abstract":"The Imamoğlu Agricultural Irrigation Automation Project aims to revolutionize water management and allocation in agricultural irrigation through the establishment of a central management‐based system. By integrating modern irrigation technologies and systems, the project seeks to optimize water usage by monitoring key variables such as irrigation methods and plant–water–yield relationships. The electronic water management system (ESYS), at the core of this initiative, employs a geographic information system (GIS)‐based interface and real‐time data to facilitate active participation of farmers and water stakeholders. Through the utilization of deep learning technology and real‐time data analysis, the system enables timely and informed irrigation planning, resulting in significant water savings and increased productivity. The project's implementation, focused on the Imamoğlu Irrigation System, has gradually introduced a remote central management‐based agricultural irrigation automation system to 2,240 farmers. Integrated with the ESYS, this system offers benefits including enhanced water supply security, remote access to irrigation control, soil moisture monitoring, weather‐based irrigation planning and centralized plant pattern management. The project aims to promote efficient water usage, maximize food production and serve as a model for future irrigation projects. Key highlights include up to 65%–70% increase in water savings, up to 90% reduction in energy and fuel savings, up to 90% reduction in labour and personnel savings and more efficient irrigation management, among others.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"25 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. P. Alves, Thieres George Freire da Silva, G. D. N. Araújo Júnior, L. S. B. de Souza, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz, S. Silva, A. G. Pinheiro, Kaique Renan da Silva Salvador
The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and development in an irrigated forage cactus–sorghum intercropping system under different strategies for improving agricultural resilience. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2020 in Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil, in four experiments in a randomized block design, each with four replications. The first experiment consisted of different configurations for the cactus–sorghum intercropping system (Orelha de Elefante Mexicana [OEM]‐single crop [SNG], IPA Sertânia [IPA]‐SNG, Miúda [MIU]‐SNG, OEM–SF11, OEM–Progenitor 288 [P.288], OEM–467, IPA–SF11, IPA–P.288, IPA–467, MIU–SF11, MIU–P.288 and MIU–467); in the second and third experiments, the cactus–sorghum system was planted under different planting densities (100,000; 50,000; 33,333; 25,000 and 20,000 plants ha−1 for forage cactus and 200,000 plants ha−1 for sorghum) in east–west and north–south orientations, respectively; and the fourth experiment consisted of different planting densities for the cactus and sorghum (50,000; 40,000; 33,333; and 28,571 plants ha−1 and 200,000; 160,000; 133,333; and 114,285 plants ha−1, respectively). The maximum values of the dry matter accumulation rate were observed in the cultivation configurations that contained the OEM clone and at the highest densities. The different cultivation configurations affected the duration and number of phenophases. The cutting time increases as the planting density increases (50,000 and 100,000 plants ha−1) and when the OEM clone is used.
{"title":"Morphophysiological indicators, phenophase and cutting time in an irrigated forage cactus–sorghum intercropping system under strategies of agricultural resilience and agriculture biosaline","authors":"C. P. Alves, Thieres George Freire da Silva, G. D. N. Araújo Júnior, L. S. B. de Souza, Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz Jardim, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz, S. Silva, A. G. Pinheiro, Kaique Renan da Silva Salvador","doi":"10.1002/ird.3001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.3001","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate growth and development in an irrigated forage cactus–sorghum intercropping system under different strategies for improving agricultural resilience. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2020 in Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil, in four experiments in a randomized block design, each with four replications. The first experiment consisted of different configurations for the cactus–sorghum intercropping system (Orelha de Elefante Mexicana [OEM]‐single crop [SNG], IPA Sertânia [IPA]‐SNG, Miúda [MIU]‐SNG, OEM–SF11, OEM–Progenitor 288 [P.288], OEM–467, IPA–SF11, IPA–P.288, IPA–467, MIU–SF11, MIU–P.288 and MIU–467); in the second and third experiments, the cactus–sorghum system was planted under different planting densities (100,000; 50,000; 33,333; 25,000 and 20,000 plants ha−1 for forage cactus and 200,000 plants ha−1 for sorghum) in east–west and north–south orientations, respectively; and the fourth experiment consisted of different planting densities for the cactus and sorghum (50,000; 40,000; 33,333; and 28,571 plants ha−1 and 200,000; 160,000; 133,333; and 114,285 plants ha−1, respectively). The maximum values of the dry matter accumulation rate were observed in the cultivation configurations that contained the OEM clone and at the highest densities. The different cultivation configurations affected the duration and number of phenophases. The cutting time increases as the planting density increases (50,000 and 100,000 plants ha−1) and when the OEM clone is used.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"68 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zehai Gao, Dongzhe Yang, Chengcheng Li, Jianfeng Zhang, Quanjiu Wang
Lysimeters are critical instruments for studying infiltration, runoff and evapotranspiration processes in the hydrological cycle and play a critical role in promoting efficient water‐saving irrigation. This paper provides a systematic review of the development process and research status of lysimeters, progressing from simple to complex designs, from single instruments to clusters, and from manual measurement to intelligent monitoring. The working principles of various types of lysimeter were first described based on Chinese lysimeter patents over the past 20 years. Second, this paper analyses the measurement performance and application scope of different lysimeters and further studies the weighting stability of various weighing lysimeters. Third, by analysing sources of measurement error, the reliability improvement methods of lysimeters are analysed from the aspects of environment control and sensor compensation. Fourth, this paper reviews typical research on the automation and informatization of lysimeters and discusses future intelligent developments and application prospects for lysimeters in complex environments. Finally, the measurement performance of different lysimeters is analysed based on experimental data sets. This paper puts forward some suggestions for developing lysimeters with high performance, high efficiency and high reliability, hoping to promote the development of intelligent agriculture.
{"title":"A review of lysimeters from the perspective of measurement performance and intelligent development in China","authors":"Zehai Gao, Dongzhe Yang, Chengcheng Li, Jianfeng Zhang, Quanjiu Wang","doi":"10.1002/ird.2997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2997","url":null,"abstract":"Lysimeters are critical instruments for studying infiltration, runoff and evapotranspiration processes in the hydrological cycle and play a critical role in promoting efficient water‐saving irrigation. This paper provides a systematic review of the development process and research status of lysimeters, progressing from simple to complex designs, from single instruments to clusters, and from manual measurement to intelligent monitoring. The working principles of various types of lysimeter were first described based on Chinese lysimeter patents over the past 20 years. Second, this paper analyses the measurement performance and application scope of different lysimeters and further studies the weighting stability of various weighing lysimeters. Third, by analysing sources of measurement error, the reliability improvement methods of lysimeters are analysed from the aspects of environment control and sensor compensation. Fourth, this paper reviews typical research on the automation and informatization of lysimeters and discusses future intelligent developments and application prospects for lysimeters in complex environments. Finally, the measurement performance of different lysimeters is analysed based on experimental data sets. This paper puts forward some suggestions for developing lysimeters with high performance, high efficiency and high reliability, hoping to promote the development of intelligent agriculture.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Tesla valve‐type drip irrigation emitter is a novel type of drip irrigation emitter that allows one‐way fluid flow and sharp water flow diversion. Orthogonal test schemes were employed to analyse the impact of structural parameters and energy dissipation mechanisms on hydraulic performance. The effect of vortex partitioning in forward and reverse flow channels on hydraulic performance was analysed. A prediction model for the emitter discharge exponent (flow index) of the structural parameters was established. The results indicated that the emitter discharge exponents of forward‐Tesla valve‐type drip irrigation emitters (FTEs) ranged from 0.47 to 0.506, and those of reverse‐Tesla valve‐type drip irrigation emitters (RTEs) ranged from 0.51 to 0.533. There was a significant disparity in the distribution of vortex zones between the FTE and RTE. The local loss coefficients of the FTE were 2.12–10.84, and those of the RTE were 1.00–3.71. The channel width D had a substantial impact on the emitter discharge exponents of the FTE and RTE, whereas the inlet length of diverter K, the length of the bevelled edge of raindrop‐type diverter B and the opening angle of raindrop‐type diverter θ had relatively smaller effects on the emitter discharge exponent. The determination coefficients of the regression model for the FTE and RTE were 0.89 and 0.84, respectively. The relative errors between the simulated and estimated values were −4.57% to 1.21%, and the experimental and estimated values were −3.72% to −1.45% in the FTE. The relative errors between the simulated and estimated values were −0.98% to 2.86%, and the experimental and estimated values were −3.72% to 1.45% in the RTE. These relative errors were all under 5%, indicating that the estimation of the emitter discharge exponent can be more accurate.
{"title":"The design and hydraulic performance studies of a Tesla valve‐type drip irrigation emitter","authors":"Tianyu Xu, Changjiang Lin, Qiuyue Yu, Ennan Zheng","doi":"10.1002/ird.2996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2996","url":null,"abstract":"The Tesla valve‐type drip irrigation emitter is a novel type of drip irrigation emitter that allows one‐way fluid flow and sharp water flow diversion. Orthogonal test schemes were employed to analyse the impact of structural parameters and energy dissipation mechanisms on hydraulic performance. The effect of vortex partitioning in forward and reverse flow channels on hydraulic performance was analysed. A prediction model for the emitter discharge exponent (flow index) of the structural parameters was established. The results indicated that the emitter discharge exponents of forward‐Tesla valve‐type drip irrigation emitters (FTEs) ranged from 0.47 to 0.506, and those of reverse‐Tesla valve‐type drip irrigation emitters (RTEs) ranged from 0.51 to 0.533. There was a significant disparity in the distribution of vortex zones between the FTE and RTE. The local loss coefficients of the FTE were 2.12–10.84, and those of the RTE were 1.00–3.71. The channel width D had a substantial impact on the emitter discharge exponents of the FTE and RTE, whereas the inlet length of diverter K, the length of the bevelled edge of raindrop‐type diverter B and the opening angle of raindrop‐type diverter θ had relatively smaller effects on the emitter discharge exponent. The determination coefficients of the regression model for the FTE and RTE were 0.89 and 0.84, respectively. The relative errors between the simulated and estimated values were −4.57% to 1.21%, and the experimental and estimated values were −3.72% to −1.45% in the FTE. The relative errors between the simulated and estimated values were −0.98% to 2.86%, and the experimental and estimated values were −3.72% to 1.45% in the RTE. These relative errors were all under 5%, indicating that the estimation of the emitter discharge exponent can be more accurate.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agriculture, the mainstay of the rural economy in India, is changing due to globalization, which brings both opportunities and challenges for farmers. This study aimed to explore the degree of adaptation to modernization and challenges in rural society engaged in agricultural activities in Azamgarh District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. A total of 300 farmers were selected randomly and surveyed across 10 villages in the Haraiya Block. Data analysis was based on Karl Pearson's correlation, Likert scale and Z‐score techniques. The findings of this study reveal that global change has a direct impact on rural society. However, in some villages, a lack of knowledge about modern equipment and the proper use of insecticides and fertilizers are major constraints that hamper the efficiency of farmers. The majority of farmers are unable to access membership in various farmer associations. Caste barriers have loosened, but due to indebtedness and economic uncertainty, family disintegration rates have dramatically increased in some areas. Farmers tend to change their occupations and migrate to other places for better opportunities. Policy recommendations include the following: The government should take the initiative to enhance farmers' local participation and grassroots‐level development by formulating farmer‐friendly policies and programmes.
农业是印度农村经济的支柱，由于全球化，农业正在发生变化，这给农民带来了机遇和挑战。本研究旨在探讨北方邦东部阿扎姆加尔地区从事农业活动的农村社会对现代化的适应程度和面临的挑战。在 Haraiya 地区的 10 个村庄中随机抽取了 300 名农民进行调查。数据分析基于卡尔-皮尔逊相关性、李克特量表和 Z 值技术。研究结果表明，全球变化对农村社会产生了直接影响。然而，在一些村庄，缺乏有关现代设备以及正确使用杀虫剂和化肥的知识是阻碍农民提高效率的主要制约因素。大多数农民无法加入各种农民协会。种姓壁垒有所松动，但由于负债累累和经济不稳定，一些地区的家庭解体率急剧上升。农民倾向于改变职业，迁移到其他地方寻求更好的机会。政策建议如下政府应主动加强农民的地方参与和基层发展，制定有利于农民的政策和计划。
{"title":"Impact assessment of the adaptation of modernization to the Indian agrarian society: Empirical evidence from the Haraiya Block of Azamgarh District, Uttar Pradesh","authors":"K. M. R. Rani, Alok Kumar Dubey, Mahvish Anjum","doi":"10.1002/ird.2999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2999","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture, the mainstay of the rural economy in India, is changing due to globalization, which brings both opportunities and challenges for farmers. This study aimed to explore the degree of adaptation to modernization and challenges in rural society engaged in agricultural activities in Azamgarh District of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. A total of 300 farmers were selected randomly and surveyed across 10 villages in the Haraiya Block. Data analysis was based on Karl Pearson's correlation, Likert scale and Z‐score techniques. The findings of this study reveal that global change has a direct impact on rural society. However, in some villages, a lack of knowledge about modern equipment and the proper use of insecticides and fertilizers are major constraints that hamper the efficiency of farmers. The majority of farmers are unable to access membership in various farmer associations. Caste barriers have loosened, but due to indebtedness and economic uncertainty, family disintegration rates have dramatically increased in some areas. Farmers tend to change their occupations and migrate to other places for better opportunities. Policy recommendations include the following: The government should take the initiative to enhance farmers' local participation and grassroots‐level development by formulating farmer‐friendly policies and programmes.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The equations governing variations in water depth and cross‐sectional area along a field are crucial for solving the Saint‐Venant equations and determining surface water volume via the volume balance method to determine other hydraulic parameters of surface irrigation systems. Various researchers have proposed different formulations for this equation based on varying assumptions. In many investigations, the flow depth profile has been assumed to be parallel to the furrow bottom or modelled as an elliptical relationship. This study explored four different forms of equation to analyse changes in the water depth profile and to refine its mathematical representation. The coefficients of these equations were derived as functions of the surface storage coefficient. Using field data, the surface storage coefficient values and, consequently, the coefficients of the proposed relationships were determined. The calculated values of the flow cross‐sectional area along the field and the water surface storage volume were compared with the measured values using the established relationships. The most accurate relationship for estimating the flow depth profile was identified through this analysis.
{"title":"Water depth and cross‐sectional area relationships in sloping surface irrigation systems","authors":"A. Seyedzadeh, Amirreza Panahi, E. Maroufpoor","doi":"10.1002/ird.2994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2994","url":null,"abstract":"The equations governing variations in water depth and cross‐sectional area along a field are crucial for solving the Saint‐Venant equations and determining surface water volume via the volume balance method to determine other hydraulic parameters of surface irrigation systems. Various researchers have proposed different formulations for this equation based on varying assumptions. In many investigations, the flow depth profile has been assumed to be parallel to the furrow bottom or modelled as an elliptical relationship. This study explored four different forms of equation to analyse changes in the water depth profile and to refine its mathematical representation. The coefficients of these equations were derived as functions of the surface storage coefficient. Using field data, the surface storage coefficient values and, consequently, the coefficients of the proposed relationships were determined. The calculated values of the flow cross‐sectional area along the field and the water surface storage volume were compared with the measured values using the established relationships. The most accurate relationship for estimating the flow depth profile was identified through this analysis.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To facilitate agricultural water rights trading reform in China and improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation, an effective and practical approach called the conversion coefficient from electricity consumption to irrigation water supply (CCECIWS) method is introduced in this study. Application of this method in Siyang County is meticulously investigated. First, four measurement strategies are employed for the precise estimation of the volume of irrigation water from agricultural irrigation water pumps (AIWPs) in Siyang County. Then, the CCECIWS data collected through on‐site testing and the distribution pattern of the CCECIWSs of AIWPs are analysed, and the ranges of the CCECIWS values for different groups are delineated. Conjoint analysis is conducted to quantify the influence of two factors on the CCECIWSs. Finally, three regression models are developed and validated to predict the CCECIWSs for the remaining 60% of the total AIWPs, which are not tested on site. The prediction results show that the regression models have acceptable accuracy. The contribution of this research is the provision of a practical and efficient CCECIWS method to indirectly evaluate the irrigation water supply, saving both time and economic costs and laying the foundation for future research on this topic.
{"title":"A practical and efficient approach to evaluating the irrigation water supply from electricity consumption: A case study in Siyang County, China","authors":"Yazhou Qin, Yansong Cui","doi":"10.1002/ird.2992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2992","url":null,"abstract":"To facilitate agricultural water rights trading reform in China and improve the efficiency of agricultural irrigation, an effective and practical approach called the conversion coefficient from electricity consumption to irrigation water supply (CCECIWS) method is introduced in this study. Application of this method in Siyang County is meticulously investigated. First, four measurement strategies are employed for the precise estimation of the volume of irrigation water from agricultural irrigation water pumps (AIWPs) in Siyang County. Then, the CCECIWS data collected through on‐site testing and the distribution pattern of the CCECIWSs of AIWPs are analysed, and the ranges of the CCECIWS values for different groups are delineated. Conjoint analysis is conducted to quantify the influence of two factors on the CCECIWSs. Finally, three regression models are developed and validated to predict the CCECIWSs for the remaining 60% of the total AIWPs, which are not tested on site. The prediction results show that the regression models have acceptable accuracy. The contribution of this research is the provision of a practical and efficient CCECIWS method to indirectly evaluate the irrigation water supply, saving both time and economic costs and laying the foundation for future research on this topic.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajkumar R.H., V. J., A. V. Karegoudar, Malharimartand J. Kaledhonkar, Anand S.R., Anilkumar T. Dandekar, Raj Kumar Thakur
In the Tungabhadra project command, subsurface drainage is used to reclaim waterlogged saline areas, but its adoption is lower due to its high cost and highly skilled in nature. Irrigation water management could sustain high cane yields in mildly affected areas. A field experiment was conducted on waterlogged saline vertisols with sugarcane crops using surface drip, subsurface drip and furrow irrigation with water application amounts of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of evapotranspiration (ET). The subsurface drip at 1.2 ET resulted in more leaching of salts and a higher moisture content. Also it had the highest cane yield (131.0 t ha−1), water productivity (WP) (8.30 kg m−3) and sugar WP (1.72 kg m−3) among the different methods. Among the irrigation levels, the 1.2 ET level had the highest cane yield (124.7 t ha−1), lowest WP (6.89 kg m−3) and highest sugar WP (1.43 kg m−3). The highest benefit–cost ratio was recorded for the subsurface drip treatment. Depth to water table was greater for the subsurface drip treatment compared to the furrow treatment. Therefore, subsurface drip irrigation at 1.2 ET for sugarcane can act as a viable preventive measure for sustaining high cane yield in mildly waterlogged saline vertisols in the command.
{"title":"Drip irrigation for sustaining high sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) yield in marginally to moderately waterlogged saline vertisols of Karnataka, India","authors":"Rajkumar R.H., V. J., A. V. Karegoudar, Malharimartand J. Kaledhonkar, Anand S.R., Anilkumar T. Dandekar, Raj Kumar Thakur","doi":"10.1002/ird.2990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2990","url":null,"abstract":"In the Tungabhadra project command, subsurface drainage is used to reclaim waterlogged saline areas, but its adoption is lower due to its high cost and highly skilled in nature. Irrigation water management could sustain high cane yields in mildly affected areas. A field experiment was conducted on waterlogged saline vertisols with sugarcane crops using surface drip, subsurface drip and furrow irrigation with water application amounts of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 of evapotranspiration (ET). The subsurface drip at 1.2 ET resulted in more leaching of salts and a higher moisture content. Also it had the highest cane yield (131.0 t ha−1), water productivity (WP) (8.30 kg m−3) and sugar WP (1.72 kg m−3) among the different methods. Among the irrigation levels, the 1.2 ET level had the highest cane yield (124.7 t ha−1), lowest WP (6.89 kg m−3) and highest sugar WP (1.43 kg m−3). The highest benefit–cost ratio was recorded for the subsurface drip treatment. Depth to water table was greater for the subsurface drip treatment compared to the furrow treatment. Therefore, subsurface drip irrigation at 1.2 ET for sugarcane can act as a viable preventive measure for sustaining high cane yield in mildly waterlogged saline vertisols in the command.","PeriodicalId":505999,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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