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Geopolitics in the Maldives: Intersection of Foreign Relations and Internal Political Rivalries 马尔代夫的地缘政治:对外关系与国内政治竞争的交汇点
Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1177/02627280241241546
Ibrahim Nahushal
This article connects the political science literature on small states and the historical coverage of trade in the Indian Ocean to identify a remarkable pattern in foreign relations management of Maldivian geopolitics. The long history of interaction with foreign powers since at least the fifteenth century shows how this small state has, historically as well as now vis-à-vis India, China and the Middle East, managed well to retain control and sovereignty as an independent nation. Rich experience in handling the challenges posed by competing geopolitical interests in the wider region partly explains this Maldivian success story. However, this article also brings out the role of constant internal political rivalry within the Maldivian elites. The resulting highly dynamic intersecting pattern identifies how different parties, fractions and certain strong personalities as competing stakeholders constantly attempt to retain or grab power through strategic alliances with foreign powers. Identifying this underlying pattern allows deeper analysis of the unique, literally liquid characteristics of Maldivian geopolitics and similar small-state scenarios.
本文将有关小国的政治学文献与印度洋贸易的历史报道联系起来,以确定马尔代夫地缘政治在对外关系管理方面的显著模式。至少自十五世纪以来,马尔代夫与外国势力长期互动的历史表明,无论在历史上还是现在,这个小国在面对印度、中国和中东时,都能很好地保持作为一个独立国家的控制权和主权。马尔代夫在应对更广泛地区相互竞争的地缘政治利益所带来的挑战方面有着丰富的经验,这在一定程度上解释了马尔代夫的成功故事。然而,本文也揭示了马尔代夫精英内部持续不断的政治竞争所起的作用。由此产生的高度动态的交叉模式确定了不同的政党、派系和某些强势人物作为相互竞争的利益相关者是如何不断试图通过与外国势力结成战略联盟来保留或攫取权力的。通过识别这一基本模式,可以更深入地分析马尔代夫地缘政治和类似小国情况的独特性和流动性。
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引用次数: 0
Custodial Grandmothers in the Attappadi Indigenous Belt of Kerala: Towards Recognition and Action 喀拉拉邦 Attappadi 土著地带的监护祖母:认可与行动
Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1177/02627280241240007
Athira V.H., Nalini R., Anoop C. Choolayil
The phenomenon of custodial grandparents has increased in South Asia and elsewhere, partly due to the growing trend of parents migrating for work, but often because of the untimely demise of one or both parents, illness, alcoholism and related issues affecting the birth parents. Adopting a phenomenological lens, this article explores the lived experiences and perceived needs of 10 custodial grandmothers from the Attappadi indigenous belt in Kerala to discuss how they cope with multiple challenges. Data gathering through indigenous storytelling methods and an interpretive phenomenological analysis points to new forms of feminisation of caregiving through custodial grandparenting, which require further research. Within the complex socio-economic and health contexts of the selected sample, our fieldwork explores the implications of the absence of the middle generation, which creates a network of intersecting disadvantages. We argue that the resulting calls for better support networks to assist these indigenous custodial grandmothers need to be addressed effectively at the levels of policy and practice.
在南亚和其他地区,监护祖父母的现象越来越多,部分原因是父母外出务工的趋势越来越明显,但往往也是因为父母一方或双方过早去世、疾病、酗酒以及影响亲生父母的相关问题。本文采用现象学视角,探讨了喀拉拉邦阿塔帕迪原住民带的 10 位监护祖母的生活经历和感知需求,讨论她们如何应对多重挑战。通过讲述原住民故事的方法和解释性现象学分析收集数据,指出了通过监护祖父母进行照顾的女性化新形式,这需要进一步的研究。在所选样本复杂的社会经济和健康背景下,我们的实地调查探索了中产阶级缺失的影响,这造成了一个相互交织的不利条件网络。我们认为,需要在政策和实践层面有效解决由此产生的呼吁,即建立更好的支持网络来帮助这些土著监护祖母。
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South Asia Research
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