Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001057
Khorwal Divya, Mathur Gk, Ahmed Umema, Daga Ss
DNA evidence has now become an essential part of forensic investigations since it offers vital information for person identification and crime resolution. However, the biological material is affected by some environmental factors which may impact the DNA in biological samples. This may affect the correctness and reliability of forensic DNA analysis. This review is related to the influence of various environmental conditions on the stability and degradation of DNA in biological stains including blood and saliva stains. The common factors that affect DNA are temperature, humidity, exposure to sunlight, and type of substrate. The information is crucial to improve forensic DNA analysis and forensic protocol optimization. The DNA stability and integrity in biological materials, such as blood and saliva stains, are indispensable for forensic DNA analysis. Environmental influences, however, significantly affect DNA concentration and may jeopardize forensic analysis. The present review explores various environmental factors for their effect on DNA stability in blood and saliva stains. While DNA degradation is slowed but not completely prevented by low temperatures, it is accelerated by high temperatures. Risks of contamination arise from the promotion of microbial growth and DNA breakdown by humidity. DNA photodamage brought on by sunlight exposure results in strand breakage and cross-linking. DNA stability is also influenced by the type of substrate used; porous surfaces, such as cloth, are better at keeping fluids than non-porous ones, such as glass. Maintaining the integrity of DNA evidence requires an understanding of these variables. The present studies will help to create sophisticated DNA preservation methods for use in forensic DNA examination. The study emphasizes the requirement of improvement in forensic DNA analysis skills, related to the preservation of DNA pieces of evidence and the possible effect of environmental factors.
DNA 证据现已成为法医调查的重要组成部分，因为它能为人员识别和破案提供重要信息。然而，生物材料会受到一些环境因素的影响，这些因素可能会影响生物样本中的 DNA。这可能会影响法医 DNA 分析的正确性和可靠性。本综述涉及各种环境条件对生物污渍（包括血液和唾液污渍）中 DNA 的稳定性和降解的影响。影响 DNA 的常见因素包括温度、湿度、阳光照射和基质类型。这些信息对于改进法医 DNA 分析和法医方案优化至关重要。法医 DNA 分析离不开血液和唾液污渍等生物材料中 DNA 的稳定性和完整性。然而，环境影响会严重影响 DNA 浓度，并可能危及法医分析。本综述探讨了各种环境因素对血液和唾液污渍中 DNA 稳定性的影响。低温可以减缓但不能完全阻止 DNA 的降解，而高温则会加速降解。湿度会促进微生物生长和 DNA 分解，从而产生污染风险。阳光照射造成的 DNA 光损伤会导致链断裂和交联。DNA 的稳定性还受到所用基质类型的影响；多孔表面（如布）比无孔表面（如玻璃）更能保持液体。要保持 DNA 证据的完整性，就必须了解这些变量。目前的研究将有助于创建用于法医 DNA 检验的先进 DNA 保存方法。这项研究强调了提高法医 DNA 分析技能的要求，这与 DNA 证据的保存和环境因素可能产生的影响有关。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.29328/journal.jfsr.1001056
Smith Jh, Horne Js
Forensic laboratories face a backlog of case files, affecting service delivery, causing delays. Forensic laboratories face a backlog of case ϐiles, affecting service delivery and causing delays. The backlog points to underfunding, poor planning, and inadequate support, hindering deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis. Resolving casework backlogs may initially seem like a straightforward and attainable measure to improve the arrest of offenders and promote justice. Longer turnaround times impede investigative leads, emphasising the need for efficient strategies and a comprehensive approach to address and prevent backlogs in forensic laboratories. No study has been published on the forensic DNA backlogs in South Africa. The article explicitly addresses one aspect of a Doctor of Philosophy study and aims to ascertain the impact of backlogs of forensic DNA case entries. The study article’s research questions included the following: “What cases are considered as backlog?”; “What is the current backlog in forensic DNA case entries in South Africa?” and “What are the main reasons for the backlog of cases involving forensic DNA?” The prompt processing of DNA evidence is vital not only for safeguarding individuals falsely accused of crimes based on circumstantial evidence but also for adding prosecutors and providing justice for crime victims.
法医实验室面临案件卷宗积压的问题，影响了服务的提供，造成了延误。法医实验室面临案件卷宗积压的问题，影响了服务的提供，造成了延误。案件积压表明资金不足、规划不周和支持不足，阻碍了脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）分析。解决案件工作积压问题最初似乎是一项简单易行的措施，可以提高逮捕罪犯的效率，促进司法公正。较长的周转时间阻碍了调查线索的获得，这就强调了需要采取高效的策略和全面的方法来解决和防止法医实验室工作积压的问题。目前还没有关于南非法医 DNA 工作积压情况的研究报告。本文明确论述了一项哲学博士研究的一个方面，旨在确定法医DNA案件条目积压的影响。研究文章的研究问题包括以下内容："哪些案件被视为积压案件？"；"目前南非法医 DNA 案件录入积压情况如何？"以及 "法医 DNA 案件录入积压的主要原因是什么？"DNA 证据的及时处理不仅对保护根据间接证据被诬告犯罪的个人至关重要，而且对增加检察官和为犯罪受害者伸张正义也至关重要。
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