Larry W. Taylor, Thomas J. Hyclak, P. Sedlak, Vera A. Adamchik
The study attempts to estimate the causal relationship between foreign company ownership and wages that is driven by ownership per se, and not by observable or unobservable worker and firm characteristics. We employ proprietary data from surveys conducted by Sedlak & Sedlak, a major Polish HR consulting firm, with our pooled cross-section data set comprising over 300,000 men and 250,000 women working in the Polish labor market between 2013 and 2017. The foreign-firm wage premium is estimated by several techniques, ranging from ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares to a recently developed frequentist RX-2SLS econometric procedure that relaxes IV assumptions via the exclusion restriction. Our major findings are: (1) regardless of gender, Polish workers employed by majority foreign capital firms earn a significant wage premium; and (2) the foreign-firm wage premium is substantially larger for women, suggesting that the wage policies used by foreign-owned firms in Poland have an equalizing effect on the gender wage gap.
{"title":"Foreign ownership and gender differences in pay: causal evidence from a sample of Polish workers","authors":"Larry W. Taylor, Thomas J. Hyclak, P. Sedlak, Vera A. Adamchik","doi":"10.2478/ijcm-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study attempts to estimate the causal relationship between foreign company ownership and wages that is driven by ownership per se, and not by observable or unobservable worker and firm characteristics. We employ proprietary data from surveys conducted by Sedlak & Sedlak, a major Polish HR consulting firm, with our pooled cross-section data set comprising over 300,000 men and 250,000 women working in the Polish labor market between 2013 and 2017. The foreign-firm wage premium is estimated by several techniques, ranging from ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares to a recently developed frequentist RX-2SLS econometric procedure that relaxes IV assumptions via the exclusion restriction. Our major findings are: (1) regardless of gender, Polish workers employed by majority foreign capital firms earn a significant wage premium; and (2) the foreign-firm wage premium is substantially larger for women, suggesting that the wage policies used by foreign-owned firms in Poland have an equalizing effect on the gender wage gap.","PeriodicalId":508794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Management","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Smart World is a specific operational environment that encompasses, with its sophisticated techno-technological, ecological, social, and organizational requirements, various entities, systems, and things, including socially and environmentally aware people and their cognitive thinking. This dynamic technological, social, and cultural development and the solutions implemented in the companies that it drives are resulting in changing management paradigms, new business models, and the development of new types of organizations. One of these is the SMART organization, which can provide a real benchmark for the development processes of other organizations. The basis of its effective functioning is relational intelligence, which contributes to building and utilizing the right relational capital of the organization. Given the above, the aim of the study was to identify the essence of the areas and forms of impact of relational intelligence (RI) on selected elements of relational capital (RC), as well as to attempt to assess the maturity of the application of RI in the practice of enterprises using the example of the SMART organization. In order to realize the set objectives, a survey was conducted among smart enterprises operating in Poland (N=327). The research revealed the types of relationships established by smart organizations, assessed their relational capital, and looked at the role of relational intelligence in the process of building RC. The author's model of relational intelligence is proposed; it explores how relational intelligence (based on emotional and ethical capacities) can guide leadership behavior in interactions, helping leaders deal with complex ethical and cultural dilemmas and make balanced and responsible decisions. The authors conclude that relational intelligence can support global leaders in addressing leadership challenges, leading them to interact appropriately across boundaries and build sustainable and trusting relationships with different stakeholders. The research findings collected have helped to take a first step towards a better understanding of the importance and maturity of the RI of smart organizations in their relationships with different types of stakeholders in this group of companies. The visualization of this data on the Relational Intelligence Maturity Map indicates, on the one hand, the basis for the success of the studied group of companies (relationships with high and fairly high levels of IRI activation) and, on the other hand, serves as an inspiration for other organizations in terms of what kind of relationships to develop, as well as why, where, and how to activate their RI more strongly in order to strengthen their RC.
{"title":"The maturity of using the organization’s relational intelligence in the processes of building relational capital: a smart organization example","authors":"A. Adamik, Anna Walecka","doi":"10.2478/ijcm-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Smart World is a specific operational environment that encompasses, with its sophisticated techno-technological, ecological, social, and organizational requirements, various entities, systems, and things, including socially and environmentally aware people and their cognitive thinking. This dynamic technological, social, and cultural development and the solutions implemented in the companies that it drives are resulting in changing management paradigms, new business models, and the development of new types of organizations. One of these is the SMART organization, which can provide a real benchmark for the development processes of other organizations. The basis of its effective functioning is relational intelligence, which contributes to building and utilizing the right relational capital of the organization. Given the above, the aim of the study was to identify the essence of the areas and forms of impact of relational intelligence (RI) on selected elements of relational capital (RC), as well as to attempt to assess the maturity of the application of RI in the practice of enterprises using the example of the SMART organization.\u0000 In order to realize the set objectives, a survey was conducted among smart enterprises operating in Poland (N=327). The research revealed the types of relationships established by smart organizations, assessed their relational capital, and looked at the role of relational intelligence in the process of building RC.\u0000 The author's model of relational intelligence is proposed; it explores how relational intelligence (based on emotional and ethical capacities) can guide leadership behavior in interactions, helping leaders deal with complex ethical and cultural dilemmas and make balanced and responsible decisions.\u0000 The authors conclude that relational intelligence can support global leaders in addressing leadership challenges, leading them to interact appropriately across boundaries and build sustainable and trusting relationships with different stakeholders. The research findings collected have helped to take a first step towards a better understanding of the importance and maturity of the RI of smart organizations in their relationships with different types of stakeholders in this group of companies. The visualization of this data on the Relational Intelligence Maturity Map indicates, on the one hand, the basis for the success of the studied group of companies (relationships with high and fairly high levels of IRI activation) and, on the other hand, serves as an inspiration for other organizations in terms of what kind of relationships to develop, as well as why, where, and how to activate their RI more strongly in order to strengthen their RC.","PeriodicalId":508794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Management","volume":"94 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The human influence on the environment and its protection are subjects of marketing communication, and numerous regulations were issued to control the “green” messages. The popularity of such practices makes it essential to compare the reactions to green marketing and greenwashing in two European societies and to check how “green” awareness of European consumers translates into behavior. The review of literature and decisions regulating green marketing is followed by a CAWI study of the French and Polish young consumers ecological attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. ANOVA and linear regression methods were used to analyze data. The French young consumers are more pro-environmentally focused than Poles and display more robust skepticism toward sustainable claims. The Poles, more than the French, focus on the products' primary functions. Both groups show higher levels of spontaneous awareness of greenwashing than average consumers in those two countries. Our hypotheses about relationships of ecological attitudes with purchase intentions and behavior were supported. Surprisingly, there was a negative relation between French nationality and environmental behaviors. There is a regional market segment of European consumers from Generation Z who react similarly to green marketing claims and reject the greenwashing actions. They are highly environmentally aware, but the relationships between their eco-attitudes and behaviors, albeit significant, are weak. The marketers aiming their activity at the young customer segment should not expect an immediate influence of ecological attitudes on behaviors. This market segment can instead become a powerful influencing group among their societies.
{"title":"Green Marketing and Greenwashing in Poland and France, a Comparison of Consumer Reactions","authors":"I. Kowalik, Marine Leyge, Tomasz Sikora","doi":"10.2478/ijcm-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The human influence on the environment and its protection are subjects of marketing communication, and numerous regulations were issued to control the “green” messages. The popularity of such practices makes it essential to compare the reactions to green marketing and greenwashing in two European societies and to check how “green” awareness of European consumers translates into behavior.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The review of literature and decisions regulating green marketing is followed by a CAWI study of the French and Polish young consumers ecological attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. ANOVA and linear regression methods were used to analyze data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The French young consumers are more pro-environmentally focused than Poles and display more robust skepticism toward sustainable claims. The Poles, more than the French, focus on the products' primary functions. Both groups show higher levels of spontaneous awareness of greenwashing than average consumers in those two countries. Our hypotheses about relationships of ecological attitudes with purchase intentions and behavior were supported. Surprisingly, there was a negative relation between French nationality and environmental behaviors.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There is a regional market segment of European consumers from Generation Z who react similarly to green marketing claims and reject the greenwashing actions. They are highly environmentally aware, but the relationships between their eco-attitudes and behaviors, albeit significant, are weak.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The marketers aiming their activity at the young customer segment should not expect an immediate influence of ecological attitudes on behaviors. This market segment can instead become a powerful influencing group among their societies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Management","volume":"607 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The human influence on the environment and its protection are subjects of marketing communication, and numerous regulations were issued to control the “green” messages. The popularity of such practices makes it essential to compare the reactions to green marketing and greenwashing in two European societies and to check how “green” awareness of European consumers translates into behavior. The review of literature and decisions regulating green marketing is followed by a CAWI study of the French and Polish young consumers ecological attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. ANOVA and linear regression methods were used to analyze data. The French young consumers are more pro-environmentally focused than Poles and display more robust skepticism toward sustainable claims. The Poles, more than the French, focus on the products' primary functions. Both groups show higher levels of spontaneous awareness of greenwashing than average consumers in those two countries. Our hypotheses about relationships of ecological attitudes with purchase intentions and behavior were supported. Surprisingly, there was a negative relation between French nationality and environmental behaviors. There is a regional market segment of European consumers from Generation Z who react similarly to green marketing claims and reject the greenwashing actions. They are highly environmentally aware, but the relationships between their eco-attitudes and behaviors, albeit significant, are weak. The marketers aiming their activity at the young customer segment should not expect an immediate influence of ecological attitudes on behaviors. This market segment can instead become a powerful influencing group among their societies.
{"title":"Green Marketing and Greenwashing in Poland and France, a Comparison of Consumer Reactions","authors":"I. Kowalik, Marine Leyge, Tomasz Sikora","doi":"10.2478/ijcm-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The human influence on the environment and its protection are subjects of marketing communication, and numerous regulations were issued to control the “green” messages. The popularity of such practices makes it essential to compare the reactions to green marketing and greenwashing in two European societies and to check how “green” awareness of European consumers translates into behavior.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The review of literature and decisions regulating green marketing is followed by a CAWI study of the French and Polish young consumers ecological attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. ANOVA and linear regression methods were used to analyze data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The French young consumers are more pro-environmentally focused than Poles and display more robust skepticism toward sustainable claims. The Poles, more than the French, focus on the products' primary functions. Both groups show higher levels of spontaneous awareness of greenwashing than average consumers in those two countries. Our hypotheses about relationships of ecological attitudes with purchase intentions and behavior were supported. Surprisingly, there was a negative relation between French nationality and environmental behaviors.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There is a regional market segment of European consumers from Generation Z who react similarly to green marketing claims and reject the greenwashing actions. They are highly environmentally aware, but the relationships between their eco-attitudes and behaviors, albeit significant, are weak.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The marketers aiming their activity at the young customer segment should not expect an immediate influence of ecological attitudes on behaviors. This market segment can instead become a powerful influencing group among their societies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":508794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Management","volume":"75 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Smart World is a specific operational environment that encompasses, with its sophisticated techno-technological, ecological, social, and organizational requirements, various entities, systems, and things, including socially and environmentally aware people and their cognitive thinking. This dynamic technological, social, and cultural development and the solutions implemented in the companies that it drives are resulting in changing management paradigms, new business models, and the development of new types of organizations. One of these is the SMART organization, which can provide a real benchmark for the development processes of other organizations. The basis of its effective functioning is relational intelligence, which contributes to building and utilizing the right relational capital of the organization. Given the above, the aim of the study was to identify the essence of the areas and forms of impact of relational intelligence (RI) on selected elements of relational capital (RC), as well as to attempt to assess the maturity of the application of RI in the practice of enterprises using the example of the SMART organization. In order to realize the set objectives, a survey was conducted among smart enterprises operating in Poland (N=327). The research revealed the types of relationships established by smart organizations, assessed their relational capital, and looked at the role of relational intelligence in the process of building RC. The author's model of relational intelligence is proposed; it explores how relational intelligence (based on emotional and ethical capacities) can guide leadership behavior in interactions, helping leaders deal with complex ethical and cultural dilemmas and make balanced and responsible decisions. The authors conclude that relational intelligence can support global leaders in addressing leadership challenges, leading them to interact appropriately across boundaries and build sustainable and trusting relationships with different stakeholders. The research findings collected have helped to take a first step towards a better understanding of the importance and maturity of the RI of smart organizations in their relationships with different types of stakeholders in this group of companies. The visualization of this data on the Relational Intelligence Maturity Map indicates, on the one hand, the basis for the success of the studied group of companies (relationships with high and fairly high levels of IRI activation) and, on the other hand, serves as an inspiration for other organizations in terms of what kind of relationships to develop, as well as why, where, and how to activate their RI more strongly in order to strengthen their RC.
{"title":"The maturity of using the organization’s relational intelligence in the processes of building relational capital: a smart organization example","authors":"A. Adamik, Anna Walecka","doi":"10.2478/ijcm-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Smart World is a specific operational environment that encompasses, with its sophisticated techno-technological, ecological, social, and organizational requirements, various entities, systems, and things, including socially and environmentally aware people and their cognitive thinking. This dynamic technological, social, and cultural development and the solutions implemented in the companies that it drives are resulting in changing management paradigms, new business models, and the development of new types of organizations. One of these is the SMART organization, which can provide a real benchmark for the development processes of other organizations. The basis of its effective functioning is relational intelligence, which contributes to building and utilizing the right relational capital of the organization. Given the above, the aim of the study was to identify the essence of the areas and forms of impact of relational intelligence (RI) on selected elements of relational capital (RC), as well as to attempt to assess the maturity of the application of RI in the practice of enterprises using the example of the SMART organization.\u0000 In order to realize the set objectives, a survey was conducted among smart enterprises operating in Poland (N=327). The research revealed the types of relationships established by smart organizations, assessed their relational capital, and looked at the role of relational intelligence in the process of building RC.\u0000 The author's model of relational intelligence is proposed; it explores how relational intelligence (based on emotional and ethical capacities) can guide leadership behavior in interactions, helping leaders deal with complex ethical and cultural dilemmas and make balanced and responsible decisions.\u0000 The authors conclude that relational intelligence can support global leaders in addressing leadership challenges, leading them to interact appropriately across boundaries and build sustainable and trusting relationships with different stakeholders. The research findings collected have helped to take a first step towards a better understanding of the importance and maturity of the RI of smart organizations in their relationships with different types of stakeholders in this group of companies. The visualization of this data on the Relational Intelligence Maturity Map indicates, on the one hand, the basis for the success of the studied group of companies (relationships with high and fairly high levels of IRI activation) and, on the other hand, serves as an inspiration for other organizations in terms of what kind of relationships to develop, as well as why, where, and how to activate their RI more strongly in order to strengthen their RC.","PeriodicalId":508794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Management","volume":"65 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Purpose The main aim of the article was to examine Polish students’ awareness about MOOCs. For this purpose, the following issues were examined: the percentage of students aware of the existence of free courses, the percentage of students who have used the courses, the most popular educational platforms among Polish students, the percentage of people who did not complete a course, and the reasons for failure. Students who had completed any MOOC were also asked about their experiences and the usefulness of the course. Methodology The study was conducted in October/November 2022 in the form of an online survey. The generated link to the survey was sent by e-mail to students of the Jagiellonian University, the College of Engineering and Health in Warsaw and the Gdańsk College of Health, with a request to complete. Findings The results obtained may be surprising, especially after looking at the situation of MOOCs in other parts of the world. The knowledge about the availability of MOOC courses among Polish students is very low. Only 61 people of all respondents knew beforehand that MOOC learning was a possibility. Originality The added value of the article is examination of the motivation of students to take a MOOC course, as well as the reasons for not completing the course or not participating in it. The conclusions of the survey may be useful for designers of MOOCs. They set out some good practices in remote education and ways to keep young people interested.
{"title":"MOOC awareness and utilization among students of selected Polish universities","authors":"Marcin Geryk","doi":"10.2478/ijcm-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose The main aim of the article was to examine Polish students’ awareness about MOOCs. For this purpose, the following issues were examined: the percentage of students aware of the existence of free courses, the percentage of students who have used the courses, the most popular educational platforms among Polish students, the percentage of people who did not complete a course, and the reasons for failure. Students who had completed any MOOC were also asked about their experiences and the usefulness of the course. Methodology The study was conducted in October/November 2022 in the form of an online survey. The generated link to the survey was sent by e-mail to students of the Jagiellonian University, the College of Engineering and Health in Warsaw and the Gdańsk College of Health, with a request to complete. Findings The results obtained may be surprising, especially after looking at the situation of MOOCs in other parts of the world. The knowledge about the availability of MOOC courses among Polish students is very low. Only 61 people of all respondents knew beforehand that MOOC learning was a possibility. Originality The added value of the article is examination of the motivation of students to take a MOOC course, as well as the reasons for not completing the course or not participating in it. The conclusions of the survey may be useful for designers of MOOCs. They set out some good practices in remote education and ways to keep young people interested.","PeriodicalId":508794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Management","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Purpose The purpose of the article is an attempt to fill a research gap in the field of issues re-lated to innovation projects and, in particular, to identify the types of risks associated with their implementation in organizations. Current identification and monitoring of the level of occurrence of various types of risk in in-novative projects is a key task for project managers in order to make effective decisions on how to eliminate or reduce them. Design/methodology/approach The empirical verification is based on the methodology of our own research. The study developed and used a questionnaire for owners and managers imple-menting innovative projects. Findings This research, and the results we obtained, make it possible to answer how innovation projects are treated in organizations, what the dynamics of the implementing various types of innovation projects in recent years has been, and the level at which various types of risk in in-novation projects have been assessed and identified. Practical implications The literature review and research results show that the issue of risk in innovation projects is timely and important for many organizations, even more so for project managers looking for effective methods of identifying and managing it. Identifying the level of risk is crucial for the success of innovation projects because it reduces the negative impact of risk factors on a project’s timeliness and budget, as well as its economic and technical-technological effects. The authors emphasize that it will be worth continuing the undertaken research and work towards identifying and evaluating all components of risk management sys-tems. Proper identification of risks in projects, and understanding their nature, is a kind of guar-antee of security for the organization implementing them. Originality/value For the purpose of carrying out this empirical research, we adopted our own classification system of the types of risk associated with various innovation projects undertaken by organizations. Risk categories should be well-defined, corresponding to typical sources of risks for a type of innovation project in a given industry and the specificity of company’s activity. The types of risk most frequently named by respondents across six types of projects were time, personnel and cost.
{"title":"Identification of risk types in innovation projects","authors":"Jolanta Walas-Trębacz, Katarzyna Bartusik","doi":"10.2478/ijcm-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose The purpose of the article is an attempt to fill a research gap in the field of issues re-lated to innovation projects and, in particular, to identify the types of risks associated with their implementation in organizations. Current identification and monitoring of the level of occurrence of various types of risk in in-novative projects is a key task for project managers in order to make effective decisions on how to eliminate or reduce them. Design/methodology/approach The empirical verification is based on the methodology of our own research. The study developed and used a questionnaire for owners and managers imple-menting innovative projects. Findings This research, and the results we obtained, make it possible to answer how innovation projects are treated in organizations, what the dynamics of the implementing various types of innovation projects in recent years has been, and the level at which various types of risk in in-novation projects have been assessed and identified. Practical implications The literature review and research results show that the issue of risk in innovation projects is timely and important for many organizations, even more so for project managers looking for effective methods of identifying and managing it. Identifying the level of risk is crucial for the success of innovation projects because it reduces the negative impact of risk factors on a project’s timeliness and budget, as well as its economic and technical-technological effects. The authors emphasize that it will be worth continuing the undertaken research and work towards identifying and evaluating all components of risk management sys-tems. Proper identification of risks in projects, and understanding their nature, is a kind of guar-antee of security for the organization implementing them. Originality/value For the purpose of carrying out this empirical research, we adopted our own classification system of the types of risk associated with various innovation projects undertaken by organizations. Risk categories should be well-defined, corresponding to typical sources of risks for a type of innovation project in a given industry and the specificity of company’s activity. The types of risk most frequently named by respondents across six types of projects were time, personnel and cost.","PeriodicalId":508794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Management","volume":" 24","pages":"74 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Purpose This article aims to present the results of original empirical research on the diagnosis of factors predicting employee trust in managers in - Small and Medium Enterprises organizations undergoing the process of digitization. The concepts of digitization and trust are both defined and several determinants of trust in managers are established. Design/methodology/approach The research methods used were a study of existing literature, as well as empirical research using quantitative methods, conducted using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Findings The collected factual material indicates that the size of an organization is a variable affecting the level of trust between employees and managers in SME-sector organizations undergoing the process of digitization, and also affects which indicators of trust are professed by employees. Practical implications The conducted research identified leading determinants of trust in managers in SME-sector organizations undergoing digitization. This article contributes to reducing a theoretical knowledge gap in the discussed area, while also indicating tools for optimizing the effectiveness of the human capital management process in a world dominated by modern technologies. Originality/value Employees are a key element of modern organizations, and their success depends on the effectiveness of digital change management. Working in an environment based on trust has a positive effect on employees and thus determines the success of the entire organization. This article fills a research gap regarding the role of trust in relationship between employees and their superiors.
{"title":"Trust in managers in SME organizations undergoing digitization","authors":"Anna Wziątek-Staśko, Karolina Pobiedzińska","doi":"10.2478/ijcm-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ijcm-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose This article aims to present the results of original empirical research on the diagnosis of factors predicting employee trust in managers in - Small and Medium Enterprises organizations undergoing the process of digitization. The concepts of digitization and trust are both defined and several determinants of trust in managers are established. Design/methodology/approach The research methods used were a study of existing literature, as well as empirical research using quantitative methods, conducted using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Findings The collected factual material indicates that the size of an organization is a variable affecting the level of trust between employees and managers in SME-sector organizations undergoing the process of digitization, and also affects which indicators of trust are professed by employees. Practical implications The conducted research identified leading determinants of trust in managers in SME-sector organizations undergoing digitization. This article contributes to reducing a theoretical knowledge gap in the discussed area, while also indicating tools for optimizing the effectiveness of the human capital management process in a world dominated by modern technologies. Originality/value Employees are a key element of modern organizations, and their success depends on the effectiveness of digital change management. Working in an environment based on trust has a positive effect on employees and thus determines the success of the entire organization. This article fills a research gap regarding the role of trust in relationship between employees and their superiors.","PeriodicalId":508794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Management","volume":"1 4","pages":"94 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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