C. Erbe, Miles J. G. Parsons, A. Duncan, S. Osterrieder, Kim Allen
Unmanned aerial vehicles/systems (UAV/UAS, drones) are increasingly being used for terrestrial and marine ecological surveying and research. Studies on the potential disturbance of fauna by UAVs have been sparse, with most reports on the behavioral responses of birds. Responses of marine mammals have been reported in the case of pinnipeds on land, with very limited information on marine mammals at sea. Whether the stimulus was visual (the UAV or its shadow) or acoustic (noise) is unknown. While UAV technology is developing fast, guidelines for the responsible use of UAVs around fauna are lagging behind. We recorded aerial and underwater sound from four aerial drones in different environments. Sound spectra exhibited distinct tones <2 kHz. Median broadband source levels were 77–89 dB re 20 μPa rms at 1 m in air. Under water, median broadband received levels were <100 dB re 1 μPa rms varying with drone altitude, flight mode, and recorder depth. Drone power spectral density exceeded underwater ambient levels...
无人驾驶飞行器/系统(UAV/UAS, drones)越来越多地用于陆地和海洋生态调查和研究。关于无人机对动物潜在干扰的研究很少，大多数报道是关于鸟类的行为反应。海洋哺乳动物对陆地鳍足类动物的反应已有报道，但关于海洋哺乳动物的信息非常有限。刺激是视觉的(无人机或它的影子)还是声音的(噪音)是未知的。虽然无人机技术发展迅速，但在动物周围负责任地使用无人机的指导方针却滞后。我们记录了四架无人机在不同环境下的空中和水下声音。声波谱在<2 kHz时表现出明显的音调。宽带源水平中位数为77 ~ 89 dB / 20 μPa rms。在水下，宽带接收水平中位数<100 dB / 1 μPa rms，随无人机高度、飞行模式和记录仪深度的变化而变化。无人机功率谱密度超过水下环境水平……
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