Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.083-100
Nitin Agarwala
The Fourth Industrial Revolution introduced numerous disruptive technologies that are changing human life faster than ever before. Right on its heel, the Fifth Industrial Revolution is introducing robotics using Artificial Intelligence aided by Machine Learning. While these are considered the future, the disruption caused by them is forcing changes in how we operate and perceive things. One such area is the ‘military’. Though Artificial Intelligence and robotics are being experimented with as a replacement for humans to de-risk their lives, they are found to be advantageous to reduce the cost of training, rations, supply and maintenance of personnel. They are thus receiving increasing investments for development and deployment. This in return is altering how warfighting is perceived and conducted. To ensure a smooth progression of humans with the numerous technological developments being made in the field of Artificial Intelligence, the article looks at the advances made in these fields for military applications that are improving their sustainability and control, the world over. In addition, to assist decision-makers, a broad-based roadmap for the use of Artificial Intelligence in the military is discussed.
{"title":"Robots and Artificial Intelligence in the Military.","authors":"Nitin Agarwala","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.083-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.083-100","url":null,"abstract":"The Fourth Industrial Revolution introduced numerous disruptive technologies that are changing human life faster than ever before. Right on its heel, the Fifth Industrial Revolution is introducing robotics using Artificial Intelligence aided by Machine Learning. While these are considered the future, the disruption caused by them is forcing changes in how we operate and perceive things. One such area is the ‘military’. Though Artificial Intelligence and robotics are being experimented with as a replacement for humans to de-risk their lives, they are found to be advantageous to reduce the cost of training, rations, supply and maintenance of personnel. They are thus receiving increasing investments for development and deployment. This in return is altering how warfighting is perceived and conducted. To ensure a smooth progression of humans with the numerous technological developments being made in the field of Artificial Intelligence, the article looks at the advances made in these fields for military applications that are improving their sustainability and control, the world over. In addition, to assist decision-makers, a broad-based roadmap for the use of Artificial Intelligence in the military is discussed.","PeriodicalId":509900,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a strategie (Defence and Strategy)","volume":"562 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.003-021
David Jirásek
The article describes how Kenya, through its security forces, responded to significant terrorist attacks carried out by terrorist organization Al-Shabaab on the territory of Kenya alongside how those attacks contributed to the development of counter-terrorism measures. The measures are analyzed from a legislative, technical and security point of view. The article is based on a conceptual analysis of P.C. Sederberg, combined with the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and argues that three significant terrorist attacks on Westgate in 2013, Garissa in 2015 and Dusit D2 in 2019 were key factors of the development and adoption of complex counter-terrorism measures. Those measures were based on the adoption of appropriate laws, development of the institutional structure and implementation of military and police counter-terrorism measures. However, changes were gradual, reactive instead of proactive. The country has learned to build the state’s capacity to combat terrorism but struggled with conflict prevention and respect for the rule of law. It succeeded with a build-up of counter-terrorism security forces able to respond effectively and on time. But, finding and eliminating the causes of the conflict, they were far behind. All three significant terrorist attacks showed the need for an appropriate combination of counter-terrorism measures. They cannot be put in use separately, otherwise, it can lead to unintended results.
{"title":"Response of Kenya Security Forces to Terrorist Attacks in the Post-Westgate Period.","authors":"David Jirásek","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.003-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.003-021","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes how Kenya, through its security forces, responded to significant terrorist attacks carried out by terrorist organization Al-Shabaab on the territory of Kenya alongside how those attacks contributed to the development of counter-terrorism measures. The measures are analyzed from a legislative, technical and security point of view. The article is based on a conceptual analysis of P.C. Sederberg, combined with the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and argues that three significant terrorist attacks on Westgate in 2013, Garissa in 2015 and Dusit D2 in 2019 were key factors of the development and adoption of complex counter-terrorism measures. Those measures were based on the adoption of appropriate laws, development of the institutional structure and implementation of military and police counter-terrorism measures. However, changes were gradual, reactive instead of proactive. The country has learned to build the state’s capacity to combat terrorism but struggled with conflict prevention and respect for the rule of law. It succeeded with a build-up of counter-terrorism security forces able to respond effectively and on time. But, finding and eliminating the causes of the conflict, they were far behind. All three significant terrorist attacks showed the need for an appropriate combination of counter-terrorism measures. They cannot be put in use separately, otherwise, it can lead to unintended results.","PeriodicalId":509900,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a strategie (Defence and Strategy)","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.002.023-038
Jan Feryna, Libor Kutej
The Russian decision to conduct a full-scale invasion of Ukraine changed our world forever. European states are actively considering an increase in defense expenditures and trying to learn from ongoing armed conflict. On the other hand, Europeans are not the only ones learning from this war. The most dangerous geopolitical rival of the US, China, is watching this conflict closely as well and trying to learn as much as possible for its Taiwan campaign not only in the military domain, but also in diplomatic, information, and economic domains. This paper discusses possible implications for China in these domains. The authors pay special attention to the military domain divided into two subdomains, air and naval. First, a review of the literature of the Western view is conducted. Then data from semi-structured interviews with Taiwanese experts are used to compare those two views and identify possible implications for China and especially the People 's Liberation Army on the Taiwan campaign. Those two views are overall similar with minor differences.
{"title":"Implications for China from the War in Ukraine: Comparison of the Western and Taiwanese Views","authors":"Jan Feryna, Libor Kutej","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.002.023-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.002.023-038","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian decision to conduct a full-scale invasion of Ukraine changed our world forever. European states are actively considering an increase in defense expenditures and trying to learn from ongoing armed conflict. On the other hand, Europeans are not the only ones learning from this war. The most dangerous geopolitical rival of the US, China, is watching this conflict closely as well and trying to learn as much as possible for its Taiwan campaign not only in the military domain, but also in diplomatic, information, and economic domains. This paper discusses possible implications for China in these domains. The authors pay special attention to the military domain divided into two subdomains, air and naval. First, a review of the literature of the Western view is conducted. Then data from semi-structured interviews with Taiwanese experts are used to compare those two views and identify possible implications for China and especially the People 's Liberation Army on the Taiwan campaign. Those two views are overall similar with minor differences.","PeriodicalId":509900,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a strategie (Defence and Strategy)","volume":"1216 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.063-081
Andrii Bahinskyi, Olha Zaiets
The research into the strategies of the sides in the Russia-Ukraine war is of great relevance, as it is one of the most intense conflicts on the territory of Europe since World War II. Further, the violent actions committed by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine have had an unprecedented impact on the international peace architecture and international relations; they have caused a humanitarian, economic, and social crisis on a regional and global scale. The present research may, most notably, help understand the causes and consequences of the conflict. For this reason, this paper aims to analyze and cover the peculiarities of the main military and political strategies of Ukraine and the Russian Federation in the context of the 2022 war, as well as evaluate specific actions the enemies took against each other as international actors. The updating of the states’ strategies should be noted, as previously Ukraine was regarded only in the context of European integration and reforms, while the full-scale war increases Ukraine’s subjectivity, particularly in terms of planning and implementation of military decisions and more proactive diplomatic efforts. Russia’s strategies were considered in the context of Western theoretical models aimed at establishing it as a regional leader with extensive military potential. Moreover, the beginning of the full-scale war proved that in the situation of the military conflict against Ukraine and its allies Russia’s strategic resources are limited, which calls for further research. The results of this investigation provide a theoretical basis for further research in the field and are of importance for the understanding of security issues, and safeguarding of peace and stability not only in Ukraine and Europe but all around the world.
{"title":"Strategies of the Sides in the Russia-Ukraine War.","authors":"Andrii Bahinskyi, Olha Zaiets","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.063-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.02.063-081","url":null,"abstract":"The research into the strategies of the sides in the Russia-Ukraine war is of great relevance, as it is one of the most intense conflicts on the territory of Europe since World War II. Further, the violent actions committed by the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine have had an unprecedented impact on the international peace architecture and international relations; they have caused a humanitarian, economic, and social crisis on a regional and global scale. The present research may, most notably, help understand the causes and consequences of the conflict. For this reason, this paper aims to analyze and cover the peculiarities of the main military and political strategies of Ukraine and the Russian Federation in the context of the 2022 war, as well as evaluate specific actions the enemies took against each other as international actors. The updating of the states’ strategies should be noted, as previously Ukraine was regarded only in the context of European integration and reforms, while the full-scale war increases Ukraine’s subjectivity, particularly in terms of planning and implementation of military decisions and more proactive diplomatic efforts. Russia’s strategies were considered in the context of Western theoretical models aimed at establishing it as a regional leader with extensive military potential. Moreover, the beginning of the full-scale war proved that in the situation of the military conflict against Ukraine and its allies Russia’s strategic resources are limited, which calls for further research. The results of this investigation provide a theoretical basis for further research in the field and are of importance for the understanding of security issues, and safeguarding of peace and stability not only in Ukraine and Europe but all around the world.","PeriodicalId":509900,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a strategie (Defence and Strategy)","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：