Drawing on Hansen and Terkourafi’s (2023) model of Hearer’s meaning, the paper discusses cognitive mechanisms through which hearers interpret political language gaffes (e.g. former U.S. President Trump’s “Despite the constant negative press covfefe”). The paper approaches political language gaffes as dependent on a high degree of blending between textual-and-discursive frames and social-world frames. The dataset analysis demonstrates how a Hearer’s difficulty in interpreting a gaffe-y utterance can shift Hearer’s focus (a) from one frame element (e.g. speaker, hearer, effect of utterance on hearer) to another, and (b) from a discursive frame to a social-world frame. The paper demonstrates how, while looking to pinpoint the contextual relevance of an utterance, a Hearer can simultaneously shift focus and vary the scope of cognitive structures from which Hearer can derive meaning. The paper also suggests how analyses of political language gaffes can contribute to research on sociopragmatic topics such as Speaker’s accountability, pragmatic competence, pragmatic failure, non-propositional effects, etc.
{"title":"Political language gaffes and the importance of Hearer’s meaning","authors":"Nelly Tincheva","doi":"10.1075/ps.20072.tin","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.20072.tin","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Drawing on Hansen and Terkourafi’s (2023) model of Hearer’s meaning, the paper discusses cognitive mechanisms through which hearers interpret political language gaffes (e.g. former U.S. President Trump’s “Despite the constant negative press covfefe”). The paper approaches political language gaffes as dependent on a high degree of blending between textual-and-discursive frames and social-world frames. The dataset analysis demonstrates how a Hearer’s difficulty in interpreting a gaffe-y utterance can shift Hearer’s focus (a) from one frame element (e.g. speaker, hearer, effect of utterance on hearer) to another, and (b) from a discursive frame to a social-world frame. The paper demonstrates how, while looking to pinpoint the contextual relevance of an utterance, a Hearer can simultaneously shift focus and vary the scope of cognitive structures from which Hearer can derive meaning. The paper also suggests how analyses of political language gaffes can contribute to research on sociopragmatic topics such as Speaker’s accountability, pragmatic competence, pragmatic failure, non-propositional effects, etc.","PeriodicalId":509986,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores how guided tour interaction is achieved through certain question formats, specifically known-answer questions (KAQs), as they are deployed by guides for subsequently designing their talk to fit perceived visitor knowledge and for inviting visitor involvement in question-initiated talk. The approximately 470 minutes of video-recorded data come from guided tours in Japan, Belgium, South Korea, and Cambodia. In these tours, English was used as a common language among local guides and their foreign visitors. Analysis revealed how mobile tours are accomplished through sequences initiated by guides’ KAQs, exposing the guides’ strategic deployment of these questions and demonstrating how they subsequently utilized visitor responses to construct their talk. Comparison of the findings from the current study with those from previous research on KAQs in other institutional talk, such as educational and political settings, implies that, depending on the interactional goals, KAQs may perform diverse actions.
{"title":"Actions of known-answer questions in guided tours","authors":"Yuri Hosoda, David Aline","doi":"10.1075/ps.22052.hos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.22052.hos","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study explores how guided tour interaction is achieved through certain question formats, specifically known-answer questions (KAQs), as they are deployed by guides for subsequently designing their talk to fit perceived visitor knowledge and for inviting visitor involvement in question-initiated talk. The approximately 470 minutes of video-recorded data come from guided tours in Japan, Belgium, South Korea, and Cambodia. In these tours, English was used as a common language among local guides and their foreign visitors. Analysis revealed how mobile tours are accomplished through sequences initiated by guides’ KAQs, exposing the guides’ strategic deployment of these questions and demonstrating how they subsequently utilized visitor responses to construct their talk. Comparison of the findings from the current study with those from previous research on KAQs in other institutional talk, such as educational and political settings, implies that, depending on the interactional goals, KAQs may perform diverse actions.","PeriodicalId":509986,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140216181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trust in society is related to a perception of fairness and lack of bias. But bias has many faces. This article presents a conversation analytic study of the initial introduction of the debaters in so-called ‘presidential’ TV debates during the final stages of the general election campaigns in Denmark. The data represents a rare possibility to compare almost identical debate contexts: two different elections, but same TV channel, host, presidential debate setup and campaign contexts. The analyses show how male party leaders were given a chance to construct themselves as experienced, engaged, and hardworking politicians, while a female party leader was merely positioned with regard to her gender and age and as an underdog meeting a strong opponent. This allows us to explore how bias is not just about what is actually said and done but also about what could (based on the comparison) have been said and done.
{"title":"Gendered subtle bias in Danish TV election debates","authors":"M. F. Nielsen","doi":"10.1075/ps.22109.nie","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.22109.nie","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Trust in society is related to a perception of fairness and lack of bias. But bias has many faces. This article\u0000 presents a conversation analytic study of the initial introduction of the debaters in so-called ‘presidential’ TV debates during\u0000 the final stages of the general election campaigns in Denmark. The data represents a rare possibility to compare almost identical\u0000 debate contexts: two different elections, but same TV channel, host, presidential debate setup and campaign contexts. The analyses\u0000 show how male party leaders were given a chance to construct themselves as experienced, engaged, and hardworking politicians,\u0000 while a female party leader was merely positioned with regard to her gender and age and as an underdog meeting a strong opponent.\u0000 This allows us to explore how bias is not just about what is actually said and done but also about what could (based on the\u0000 comparison) have been said and done.","PeriodicalId":509986,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"41 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140257630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gitte Rasmussen, E. Kristiansen, Søren Vigild Poulsen
Within social scientific research searching for products is overwhelmingly reduced and represented as an activity that is embedded in decision-making processes. This study shows that searching is extremely multimodally rich and complex and that structured stages of searching are the product of customers’ efforts to order this complexity in and through concrete actions. Importantly, it also shows that customers carry out these actions un-hesitantly in both physical Brick-and Mortar (B&M) shops and in web-shops. The paper concludes that descriptions of searching need to take the nature of the multimodal environment as well as customers’ approach and engagement with it into consideration: searching for products is multimodally rich and complex and yet it is simple. The study is situated within the broad fields of EMCA and Social Semiotics in multimodality. It is based on video-recordings and eye‑tracking recordings of customers’ buying practices in different kinds of (web)shops.
{"title":"The World of Daily Life","authors":"Gitte Rasmussen, E. Kristiansen, Søren Vigild Poulsen","doi":"10.1075/ps.22020.ras","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.22020.ras","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Within social scientific research searching for products is overwhelmingly reduced and represented as an activity that is embedded in decision-making processes. This study shows that searching is extremely multimodally rich and complex and that structured stages of searching are the product of customers’ efforts to order this complexity in and through concrete actions. Importantly, it also shows that customers carry out these actions un-hesitantly in both physical Brick-and Mortar (B&M) shops and in web-shops. The paper concludes that descriptions of searching need to take the nature of the multimodal environment as well as customers’ approach and engagement with it into consideration: searching for products is multimodally rich and complex and yet it is simple.\u0000The study is situated within the broad fields of EMCA and Social Semiotics in multimodality. It is based on video-recordings and eye‑tracking recordings of customers’ buying practices in different kinds of (web)shops.","PeriodicalId":509986,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"47 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gitte Rasmussen, E. Kristiansen, Søren Vigild Poulsen
Within social scientific research searching for products is overwhelmingly reduced and represented as an activity that is embedded in decision-making processes. This study shows that searching is extremely multimodally rich and complex and that structured stages of searching are the product of customers’ efforts to order this complexity in and through concrete actions. Importantly, it also shows that customers carry out these actions un-hesitantly in both physical Brick-and Mortar (B&M) shops and in web-shops. The paper concludes that descriptions of searching need to take the nature of the multimodal environment as well as customers’ approach and engagement with it into consideration: searching for products is multimodally rich and complex and yet it is simple. The study is situated within the broad fields of EMCA and Social Semiotics in multimodality. It is based on video-recordings and eye‑tracking recordings of customers’ buying practices in different kinds of (web)shops.
{"title":"The World of Daily Life","authors":"Gitte Rasmussen, E. Kristiansen, Søren Vigild Poulsen","doi":"10.1075/ps.22020.ras","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.22020.ras","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Within social scientific research searching for products is overwhelmingly reduced and represented as an activity that is embedded in decision-making processes. This study shows that searching is extremely multimodally rich and complex and that structured stages of searching are the product of customers’ efforts to order this complexity in and through concrete actions. Importantly, it also shows that customers carry out these actions un-hesitantly in both physical Brick-and Mortar (B&M) shops and in web-shops. The paper concludes that descriptions of searching need to take the nature of the multimodal environment as well as customers’ approach and engagement with it into consideration: searching for products is multimodally rich and complex and yet it is simple.\u0000The study is situated within the broad fields of EMCA and Social Semiotics in multimodality. It is based on video-recordings and eye‑tracking recordings of customers’ buying practices in different kinds of (web)shops.","PeriodicalId":509986,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139779703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examined news reports published by a Swedish alternative newspaper in connection with the Black Lives Matter demonstrations in June 2020. The primary objective was to assess the role of strategic employment of distinctive linguistic features in shaping a portrayal of the protests through implications of threat, fear, and xenophobia. As the results indicate, the characteristics that contribute the most to such a depiction consistently involve an ominous vision of the spatial and ideological proximity of external entities and values to the in-group (‘us’). These findings are related to the particulars of the corpus, as the purpose of news reports is to create a sense of immediacy and reduce distance. However, since the goal of alternative news is to appeal to readers’ sensibilities in critical areas of their lives, despite masquerading as traditional media, these outlets tend to communicate threat and concern rather than a reliable picture of reality.
{"title":"The language of threat","authors":"Marta Andersson","doi":"10.1075/ps.23013.and","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23013.and","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examined news reports published by a Swedish alternative newspaper in connection with the Black Lives\u0000 Matter demonstrations in June 2020. The primary objective was to assess the role of strategic employment of distinctive linguistic\u0000 features in shaping a portrayal of the protests through implications of threat, fear, and xenophobia. As the results indicate, the\u0000 characteristics that contribute the most to such a depiction consistently involve an ominous vision of the spatial and ideological\u0000 proximity of external entities and values to the in-group (‘us’). These findings are related to the particulars of the corpus, as\u0000 the purpose of news reports is to create a sense of immediacy and reduce distance. However, since the goal of alternative news is\u0000 to appeal to readers’ sensibilities in critical areas of their lives, despite masquerading as traditional media, these outlets\u0000 tend to communicate threat and concern rather than a reliable picture of reality.","PeriodicalId":509986,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"62 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examined news reports published by a Swedish alternative newspaper in connection with the Black Lives Matter demonstrations in June 2020. The primary objective was to assess the role of strategic employment of distinctive linguistic features in shaping a portrayal of the protests through implications of threat, fear, and xenophobia. As the results indicate, the characteristics that contribute the most to such a depiction consistently involve an ominous vision of the spatial and ideological proximity of external entities and values to the in-group (‘us’). These findings are related to the particulars of the corpus, as the purpose of news reports is to create a sense of immediacy and reduce distance. However, since the goal of alternative news is to appeal to readers’ sensibilities in critical areas of their lives, despite masquerading as traditional media, these outlets tend to communicate threat and concern rather than a reliable picture of reality.
{"title":"The language of threat","authors":"Marta Andersson","doi":"10.1075/ps.23013.and","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.23013.and","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper examined news reports published by a Swedish alternative newspaper in connection with the Black Lives\u0000 Matter demonstrations in June 2020. The primary objective was to assess the role of strategic employment of distinctive linguistic\u0000 features in shaping a portrayal of the protests through implications of threat, fear, and xenophobia. As the results indicate, the\u0000 characteristics that contribute the most to such a depiction consistently involve an ominous vision of the spatial and ideological\u0000 proximity of external entities and values to the in-group (‘us’). These findings are related to the particulars of the corpus, as\u0000 the purpose of news reports is to create a sense of immediacy and reduce distance. However, since the goal of alternative news is\u0000 to appeal to readers’ sensibilities in critical areas of their lives, despite masquerading as traditional media, these outlets\u0000 tend to communicate threat and concern rather than a reliable picture of reality.","PeriodicalId":509986,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics and Society","volume":"89 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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