Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00556
A. Abdelwahab
Objective: The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, including studies published between 2010 and 2023, identified through searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were studies focused on neonatal conjunctivitis, while exclusion criteria were non-English studies and case reports. Data were extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis techniques. Conclusion: This review highlights the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments and prophylactic measures in managing neonatal conjunctivitis. Antibiotic eye drops and erythromycin ointment are particularly effective. Further research is needed to explore the long-term outcomes and optimal prophylactic strategies to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis. Newborns with conjunctival irritation are said to have neonatal conjunctivitis, also called ophthalmia neonatorum. The origin, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches of newborn conjunctivitis are the main topics of this review article's thorough discussion. The conversation focuses on how critical it is to identify damaged infants as soon as possible and get them treated appropriately to minimize long-term issues and improve their visual outcomes. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive but slightly limited perspective due to exclusion of the non-English studies on neonatal conjunctivitis.
{"title":"Neonatal conjunctivitis: when and how to treat","authors":"A. Abdelwahab","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00556","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, including studies published between 2010 and 2023, identified through searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were studies focused on neonatal conjunctivitis, while exclusion criteria were non-English studies and case reports. Data were extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis techniques. Conclusion: This review highlights the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments and prophylactic measures in managing neonatal conjunctivitis. Antibiotic eye drops and erythromycin ointment are particularly effective. Further research is needed to explore the long-term outcomes and optimal prophylactic strategies to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis. Newborns with conjunctival irritation are said to have neonatal conjunctivitis, also called ophthalmia neonatorum. The origin, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches of newborn conjunctivitis are the main topics of this review article's thorough discussion. The conversation focuses on how critical it is to identify damaged infants as soon as possible and get them treated appropriately to minimize long-term issues and improve their visual outcomes. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive but slightly limited perspective due to exclusion of the non-English studies on neonatal conjunctivitis.","PeriodicalId":510238,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care","volume":" October","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The multiple benefits of human milk in newborns are known, especially in preterm newborns by reducing the rates of neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and better results in neurodevelopment. However, rates of exclusive breast milk use remain low. To achieve higher percentages of successful breastfeeding, strategies must be applied from the NICU, such as expressed within the first 6 hours of life, skin-to-skin contact and administration of colostrum in the cheeks, all well, in order to have sufficient volume of breast milk since this is the main barrier they face, not having enough milk. There are very few studies that evaluate when to initiate suctions directly to the maternal breast, using the empty breast as non-nutritive suction could improve the performance of VLBW to the maternal breast.
{"title":"Support breastfeeding in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit","authors":"Carla Isabel Gonzalez Gordillo, Daniela Horta Carpinteyro, Hector Zavaleta Vazquez, Alejandra Prian Gaudiano","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00552","url":null,"abstract":"The multiple benefits of human milk in newborns are known, especially in preterm newborns by reducing the rates of neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and better results in neurodevelopment. However, rates of exclusive breast milk use remain low. To achieve higher percentages of successful breastfeeding, strategies must be applied from the NICU, such as expressed within the first 6 hours of life, skin-to-skin contact and administration of colostrum in the cheeks, all well, in order to have sufficient volume of breast milk since this is the main barrier they face, not having enough milk. There are very few studies that evaluate when to initiate suctions directly to the maternal breast, using the empty breast as non-nutritive suction could improve the performance of VLBW to the maternal breast.","PeriodicalId":510238,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Infant and child mortality remains high in Benin and is sustained by neonatal mortality which has stagnated for decades. Low birth weight (LBW) is recognized to be an important risk factor for neonatal death worldwide and serves as an indicator of perinatal death. Objective: The objective is to establish the relationship between LBW and immediate neonatal prognosis in the city of Parakou (Benin). Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical aim. A prospective collection of data on neonates born from pregnancies with a gestational age of at least 22 weeks of amenorrhea was carried out. It was conducted in three health structures drawn randomly from ten structures in the city of Parakou from May 15 to July 14, 2018. The study included all live neonates. The recruitment of neonates was subject to an oral informed consent of their mothers. We excluded from this study any malformed neonate, any neonate who died in utero and any neonate born from a multiple pregnancy. The data collected were processed and analyzed using Epi Data 3.1, Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info version 7.1.5.0 software. Statistical inferences (Chi-Square test, Person test, Yates correction, Ficher's exact test and their confidence intervals) were used to check the level of association between LBW and morbid situations and then immediate mortality. The research protocol was submitted to the local ethics committee of the University of Parakou and obtained its approval under the reference 0121/CLERB-UP/P/SP/R/SA of May 5, 2018. Results: The frequency of LBW was 16.9%. LBW was associated with poor adaptation to extrauterine life (p=0.000), neonatal resuscitation (p=0.000) and early neonatal mortality (p=0.000). Birth weight in neonates with LBW was inversely related to the risk of death within 24 hours of life. Conclusion: One in six neonates had LBW in the city of Parakou in 2018. LBW at birth was a state at risk of neonatal resuscitation and early death. Reducing neonatal mortality requires preventing low birth weight.
导言：贝宁的婴幼儿死亡率居高不下，其中新生儿死亡率更是持续数十年居高不下。低出生体重（LBW）被认为是全世界新生儿死亡的一个重要风险因素，也是围产期死亡的一个指标。研究目的目的是在帕拉库市（贝宁）确定出生体重不足与新生儿预后之间的关系。患者和方法这是一项横断面研究，旨在进行描述和分析。对孕龄至少 22 周的闭经孕妇所生新生儿的数据进行了前瞻性收集。研究于2018年5月15日至7月14日在帕拉库市从10家医疗机构中随机抽取的3家医疗机构进行。研究对象包括所有活产新生儿。新生儿的招募须经其母亲口头知情同意。我们将畸形新生儿、宫内死亡新生儿和多胎妊娠新生儿排除在本研究之外。我们使用 Epi Data 3.1、Microsoft Excel 2007 和 Epi Info 7.1.5.0 版软件对收集到的数据进行了处理和分析。统计推断（Chi-Square 检验、Person 检验、Yates 校正、Ficher 精确检验及其置信区间）用于检查枸杞体重不足与发病情况及即时死亡率之间的关联程度。研究方案已提交帕拉库大学当地伦理委员会，并获得其批准，批准编号为2018年5月5日的0121/CLERB-UP/P/SP/R/SA。研究结果低体重儿的发生率为16.9%。LBW与宫外生活适应不良（P=0.000）、新生儿复苏（P=0.000）和早期新生儿死亡（P=0.000）有关。低体重新生儿的出生体重与出生后 24 小时内的死亡风险成反比。结论2018年，帕拉库市每六名新生儿中就有一名患有低体重儿。出生时枸杞体重不足是新生儿复苏和早期死亡的风险状态。降低新生儿死亡率需要预防低出生体重。
{"title":"Frequency and immediate neonatal prognosis of low birth weight neonates in Parakou (Benin) in 2018","authors":"Noudamadjo A, Agbeille Mohamed F, Voduhè Mv, Kpanidja Mg, Amoussou Ob, Adedemy Jd, Agossou J","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00550","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Infant and child mortality remains high in Benin and is sustained by neonatal mortality which has stagnated for decades. Low birth weight (LBW) is recognized to be an important risk factor for neonatal death worldwide and serves as an indicator of perinatal death. Objective: The objective is to establish the relationship between LBW and immediate neonatal prognosis in the city of Parakou (Benin). Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and analytical aim. A prospective collection of data on neonates born from pregnancies with a gestational age of at least 22 weeks of amenorrhea was carried out. It was conducted in three health structures drawn randomly from ten structures in the city of Parakou from May 15 to July 14, 2018. The study included all live neonates. The recruitment of neonates was subject to an oral informed consent of their mothers. We excluded from this study any malformed neonate, any neonate who died in utero and any neonate born from a multiple pregnancy. The data collected were processed and analyzed using Epi Data 3.1, Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info version 7.1.5.0 software. Statistical inferences (Chi-Square test, Person test, Yates correction, Ficher's exact test and their confidence intervals) were used to check the level of association between LBW and morbid situations and then immediate mortality. The research protocol was submitted to the local ethics committee of the University of Parakou and obtained its approval under the reference 0121/CLERB-UP/P/SP/R/SA of May 5, 2018. Results: The frequency of LBW was 16.9%. LBW was associated with poor adaptation to extrauterine life (p=0.000), neonatal resuscitation (p=0.000) and early neonatal mortality (p=0.000). Birth weight in neonates with LBW was inversely related to the risk of death within 24 hours of life. Conclusion: One in six neonates had LBW in the city of Parakou in 2018. LBW at birth was a state at risk of neonatal resuscitation and early death. Reducing neonatal mortality requires preventing low birth weight.","PeriodicalId":510238,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00549
Dr. Kruti Shah, Dr. Divya Dave
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disorder characterized by widespread inflammation of connective tissues affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs and nervous system. SLE is most often diagnosed in women during the second to fourth decades of life, but 15-20% cases are found in childhood. Renal involvement occurs in the majority of childhood onset SLE (cSLE) patients and is often fatal and hence constitutes an important determinant of prognosis. Multidisciplinary care is necessary for children with lupus nephritis in terms of immunosuppressive regimes with a common goal of achieving and maintaining renal remission. Despite a low prevalence rate of cSLE, it manifests with fatal complications like lupus nephritis in majority of cases. Renal biopsy is gold standard for staging of lupus nephritis, thus, deciding the modality of management and prognostication of cSLE.
{"title":"Clinical profile, laboratory parameters and management outcomes in an eight-year-old female with childhood lupus nephritis","authors":"Dr. Kruti Shah, Dr. Divya Dave","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00549","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disorder characterized by widespread inflammation of connective tissues affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs and nervous system. SLE is most often diagnosed in women during the second to fourth decades of life, but 15-20% cases are found in childhood. Renal involvement occurs in the majority of childhood onset SLE (cSLE) patients and is often fatal and hence constitutes an important determinant of prognosis. Multidisciplinary care is necessary for children with lupus nephritis in terms of immunosuppressive regimes with a common goal of achieving and maintaining renal remission. Despite a low prevalence rate of cSLE, it manifests with fatal complications like lupus nephritis in majority of cases. Renal biopsy is gold standard for staging of lupus nephritis, thus, deciding the modality of management and prognostication of cSLE.","PeriodicalId":510238,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141007651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00548
Tuna Getachew, Melese Tadesse Aredo, Dr. Dida Batu, Dejene Seyoum Gebre, Abdurehman Kelu Tololu, Hinsermu Bayou, Helen Simie
Background: Birth asphyxia stands out as a significant factor contributing to morbidity and mortality among newborns. However, the determinants of birth asphyxia have not been thoroughly investigated within the local context, particularly in this specific area. Hence, this study aims to identify these determinants to tackle the issue effectively. Objectives: The goal of this study is to pinpoint the determinants of birth asphyxia at Bekoji Public Hospital in Bekoji Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between June 1, 2023, and August 30, 2023. A total of 198 newborns (75 cases and 123 controls) at Bekoji Public Hospital were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection involved a checklist for record review and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data version 7.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 were subjected to multivariable regression analysis. The Odds Ratio estimated with a 95% Confidence Interval was utilized to indicate the strength of association, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: 196 mothers of newborns (73 cases and 123 controls) were interviewed, resulting in a response rate of 98.9%. Factors such as prolonged duration of labor (AOR=2.54; [95% CI: 1.78, 6.39]), delivery by Caesarean section (AOR=0.64; [95% CI: 0.004, 1.114]), presence of stained amniotic fluid (AOR=0.473; [95% CI: 0.180, 1.242]), and non-cephalic fetal presentation (AOR=2.12; [95% CI: 1.019, 3.80]) were identified as predictors of birth asphyxia. Additionally, being male (AOR=1.885; [95% CI: 0.899, 3.950]) was also found to be a predictive factor for birth asphyxia. Conclusion and recommendations: Duration of labor, fetal presentation, type of amniotic fluid, mode of delivery, and the gender of newborns emerged as significantly associated factors with birth asphyxia. As a result, interventions targeting these factors, particularly focusing on duration of labor and fetal presentation, should be rigorously implemented.
{"title":"Determinants of birth asphyxia among new born babies in Bekoji public hospital, Arsi zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2023","authors":"Tuna Getachew, Melese Tadesse Aredo, Dr. Dida Batu, Dejene Seyoum Gebre, Abdurehman Kelu Tololu, Hinsermu Bayou, Helen Simie","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00548","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Birth asphyxia stands out as a significant factor contributing to morbidity and mortality among newborns. However, the determinants of birth asphyxia have not been thoroughly investigated within the local context, particularly in this specific area. Hence, this study aims to identify these determinants to tackle the issue effectively. Objectives: The goal of this study is to pinpoint the determinants of birth asphyxia at Bekoji Public Hospital in Bekoji Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between June 1, 2023, and August 30, 2023. A total of 198 newborns (75 cases and 123 controls) at Bekoji Public Hospital were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection involved a checklist for record review and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data version 7.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Variables with a P-value < 0.25 were subjected to multivariable regression analysis. The Odds Ratio estimated with a 95% Confidence Interval was utilized to indicate the strength of association, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: 196 mothers of newborns (73 cases and 123 controls) were interviewed, resulting in a response rate of 98.9%. Factors such as prolonged duration of labor (AOR=2.54; [95% CI: 1.78, 6.39]), delivery by Caesarean section (AOR=0.64; [95% CI: 0.004, 1.114]), presence of stained amniotic fluid (AOR=0.473; [95% CI: 0.180, 1.242]), and non-cephalic fetal presentation (AOR=2.12; [95% CI: 1.019, 3.80]) were identified as predictors of birth asphyxia. Additionally, being male (AOR=1.885; [95% CI: 0.899, 3.950]) was also found to be a predictive factor for birth asphyxia. Conclusion and recommendations: Duration of labor, fetal presentation, type of amniotic fluid, mode of delivery, and the gender of newborns emerged as significantly associated factors with birth asphyxia. As a result, interventions targeting these factors, particularly focusing on duration of labor and fetal presentation, should be rigorously implemented.","PeriodicalId":510238,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00532
Mayssane Jari, Pia Kiwan, R. Sacy
Agenesis of the sacrum, lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, is a congenital malformation, associated with other complex genetic syndromes. Sacral agenesis is the partial, or total absence of lower vertebral bodies, can occur isolated or in association with other syndromes including spinal cord anomaly such as (VACTREL syndrome, and Currarino triad).1 The incidence of sacral agenesis is 1/50 000 in general population but is 200 times more frequent in infants of diabetic mothers.2 Usually, children with sacral agenesis have dysmorphic features; to note that around 20% of the cases are undetected until the age of 3- 4 years old and many are diagnosed after unsuccessful toilet training. One of the rarest congenital disorders is “Caudal regression syndrome” that affects the distal spinal segments and result in sequelae on the development of the spinal cord. This syndrome has a low incidence in general population, it is characterized by lower limbs deformities with sensory and motor loss, along with neurogenic bladder however, intelligence is conserved. The exact etiology is vague, yet there is an obvious relation with maternal diabetes. Also, the true cause is still unknown, some theories, state the role of genetic factors, hypoperfusion, and teratogens in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Treatment is mostly supportive, and multidisciplinary. Prenatal imaging studies allow for consistent detection and diagnosis. The physical exam and the diagnostic test required in the newborn period help in the detection of probable complications and establishing a prognosis. We present a clinical case of a girl with a diagnosis of Caudal regression syndrome, describing the workup and management of this patient.
{"title":"First case report of caudal regression syndrome in a Syrian patient with unusual clinical presentation","authors":"Mayssane Jari, Pia Kiwan, R. Sacy","doi":"10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/jpnc.2024.14.00532","url":null,"abstract":"Agenesis of the sacrum, lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, is a congenital malformation, associated with other complex genetic syndromes. Sacral agenesis is the partial, or total absence of lower vertebral bodies, can occur isolated or in association with other syndromes including spinal cord anomaly such as (VACTREL syndrome, and Currarino triad).1 The incidence of sacral agenesis is 1/50 000 in general population but is 200 times more frequent in infants of diabetic mothers.2 Usually, children with sacral agenesis have dysmorphic features; to note that around 20% of the cases are undetected until the age of 3- 4 years old and many are diagnosed after unsuccessful toilet training. One of the rarest congenital disorders is “Caudal regression syndrome” that affects the distal spinal segments and result in sequelae on the development of the spinal cord. This syndrome has a low incidence in general population, it is characterized by lower limbs deformities with sensory and motor loss, along with neurogenic bladder however, intelligence is conserved. The exact etiology is vague, yet there is an obvious relation with maternal diabetes. Also, the true cause is still unknown, some theories, state the role of genetic factors, hypoperfusion, and teratogens in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Treatment is mostly supportive, and multidisciplinary. Prenatal imaging studies allow for consistent detection and diagnosis. The physical exam and the diagnostic test required in the newborn period help in the detection of probable complications and establishing a prognosis. We present a clinical case of a girl with a diagnosis of Caudal regression syndrome, describing the workup and management of this patient.","PeriodicalId":510238,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139449797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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