Spintronics is an innovative field that exploits the intrinsic spin property of electrons instead of their charge, holding the promise of revolutionizing conventional electronic devices. Over the past decade, researchers have been actively exploring new materials as potential replacements for traditional spintronic materials. This endeavor is driven by the aspiration to create spintronic devices with ultralow power consumption, ultrahigh storage density, and remarkable stability. In recent years, topological quantum materials (TQMs) have attracted considerable interest due to their unique band structure and exceptional properties. These materials carry the potential to pave the way for breakthroughs in the design of spintronic devices, offering promising solutions to solve challenges currently faced in the field of spintronics. In this review, we first introduce the properties of various TQMs, including band structure and crucial transport properties. Subsequently, we focus on the diverse applications of TQMs in spintronics. Delving further, we discuss the current challenges and the potential directions for advancing and exploring TQMs.
{"title":"Topological quantum materials for spintronics","authors":"Jinyu Duan, Shuai Hu, Ping Wang, Delin Zhang, Yong Jiang","doi":"10.1002/metm.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/metm.24","url":null,"abstract":"Spintronics is an innovative field that exploits the intrinsic spin property of electrons instead of their charge, holding the promise of revolutionizing conventional electronic devices. Over the past decade, researchers have been actively exploring new materials as potential replacements for traditional spintronic materials. This endeavor is driven by the aspiration to create spintronic devices with ultralow power consumption, ultrahigh storage density, and remarkable stability. In recent years, topological quantum materials (TQMs) have attracted considerable interest due to their unique band structure and exceptional properties. These materials carry the potential to pave the way for breakthroughs in the design of spintronic devices, offering promising solutions to solve challenges currently faced in the field of spintronics. In this review, we first introduce the properties of various TQMs, including band structure and crucial transport properties. Subsequently, we focus on the diverse applications of TQMs in spintronics. Delving further, we discuss the current challenges and the potential directions for advancing and exploring TQMs.","PeriodicalId":515257,"journal":{"name":"MetalMat","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review summarizes and critically discusses the current knowledge on the microstructures and tensile properties of metastable β Ti alloys fabricated by selective laser melting and laser metal deposition techniques. The effects of post‐heat treatments are also addressed. The spatial variations in the microstructure and properties are linked with the processing parameters. The review also compares the additively manufactured and post heat‐treated metastable β Ti alloys with their wrought counterparts. It highlights the research questions for further investigations.
这篇综述总结并批判性地讨论了目前有关通过选择性激光熔化和激光金属沉积技术制造的可转移 β Ti 合金的微观结构和拉伸性能的知识。此外，还讨论了后热处理的影响。微观结构和性能的空间变化与加工参数有关。综述还比较了添加式制造和后热处理的可转移 β Ti 合金与锻造的同类合金。它强调了进一步研究的问题。
{"title":"A review of the microstructure and tensile behavior of additively manufactured metastable β Ti alloys","authors":"Elena Pereloma","doi":"10.1002/metm.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/metm.17","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes and critically discusses the current knowledge on the microstructures and tensile properties of metastable β Ti alloys fabricated by selective laser melting and laser metal deposition techniques. The effects of post‐heat treatments are also addressed. The spatial variations in the microstructure and properties are linked with the processing parameters. The review also compares the additively manufactured and post heat‐treated metastable β Ti alloys with their wrought counterparts. It highlights the research questions for further investigations.","PeriodicalId":515257,"journal":{"name":"MetalMat","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) is considered as a state‐of‐the‐art characterization tool to determine the morphological features and the chemical composition of non‐metallic inclusions in steel. Such a characterization is pivotal to assessing the steel quality, which influences the properties of end products. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the SEM/EDS system, tracing its historical developments and methodological advancements by various research groups which have contributed to non‐metallic inclusion analysis. Then the discussions transition to developments that have matured the SEM/EDS platform. The paper highlights selected examples utilizing the SEM/EDS to examine inclusions across various steel grades and at different stages of the metallurgical process. Finally, latest advancements in integrating machine learning techniques to expedite the analysis process were discussed.
{"title":"Overview of application of automated SEM/EDS measurements for inclusion characterization in steelmaking","authors":"Shashank Ramesh Babu, S. Michelic","doi":"10.1002/metm.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/metm.18","url":null,"abstract":"The scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) is considered as a state‐of‐the‐art characterization tool to determine the morphological features and the chemical composition of non‐metallic inclusions in steel. Such a characterization is pivotal to assessing the steel quality, which influences the properties of end products. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the SEM/EDS system, tracing its historical developments and methodological advancements by various research groups which have contributed to non‐metallic inclusion analysis. Then the discussions transition to developments that have matured the SEM/EDS platform. The paper highlights selected examples utilizing the SEM/EDS to examine inclusions across various steel grades and at different stages of the metallurgical process. Finally, latest advancements in integrating machine learning techniques to expedite the analysis process were discussed.","PeriodicalId":515257,"journal":{"name":"MetalMat","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium metal is a promising electrode material for next‐generation high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries with its high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and low standard electrode potential (−3.04 V vs. SHE). However, the special physicochemical properties of lithium metal, including low tensile strength, viscoplastic creep, and high reactivity hinder the processing and preparation of lithium strips toward ultrathin thickness (≤20 μm). Developing new matrixes, interfaces, and processing methods can be promising for overcoming these problems. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties of lithium metal and the design principles for preparing the ultrathin Li metal, and concludes the recent development in this field from the perspective of processing design, and proposes to provide in‐depth understanding of reliable fabrication of ultrathin lithium metal strips, and prospects the challenges and opportunities of ultrathin‐scale preparation and processing of lithium metal.
金属锂理论容量高（3860 mAh g-1），标准电极电位低（-3.04 V vs. SHE），是下一代高能量密度充电电池的理想电极材料。然而，金属锂的特殊物理化学特性，包括低拉伸强度、粘塑蠕变和高反应性，阻碍了超薄（≤20 μm）锂带的加工和制备。开发新的基质、界面和加工方法有望克服这些问题。本综述总结了金属锂的物理化学性质和制备超薄金属锂的设计原则，从加工设计的角度总结了该领域的最新发展，提出要深入理解超薄金属锂带的可靠制备，并展望了超薄尺度金属锂制备和加工的挑战与机遇。
{"title":"Preparation, processing, and application of ultrathin lithium metal","authors":"Shaozhen Huang, Wenhao Li, Yu Zhang, Tianbao Li, Yuejiao Chen, Guichao Kuang, Wen Liu, Zhiyuan He, Zhibin Wu, Libao Chen","doi":"10.1002/metm.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/metm.16","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium metal is a promising electrode material for next‐generation high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries with its high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and low standard electrode potential (−3.04 V vs. SHE). However, the special physicochemical properties of lithium metal, including low tensile strength, viscoplastic creep, and high reactivity hinder the processing and preparation of lithium strips toward ultrathin thickness (≤20 μm). Developing new matrixes, interfaces, and processing methods can be promising for overcoming these problems. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties of lithium metal and the design principles for preparing the ultrathin Li metal, and concludes the recent development in this field from the perspective of processing design, and proposes to provide in‐depth understanding of reliable fabrication of ultrathin lithium metal strips, and prospects the challenges and opportunities of ultrathin‐scale preparation and processing of lithium metal.","PeriodicalId":515257,"journal":{"name":"MetalMat","volume":"41 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetron is currently one kind of the most widely used vacuum electronic devices. The cathode, as the electronic source of the device, is the core of magnetrons. With the development of magnetrons, the requirements for cathode performance are also increasing, including thermal electron emission and secondary electron emission performance. This article reviews the development history of cathodes used in magnetrons, discusses the performance and application fields of various cathodes, and the relationship between performance and structure. However, there are still certain problems with various cathode materials that make it difficult to truly cover all magnetrons. The ongoing challenges relating to the magnetron cathodes have been discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Cathodes in magnetrons: A review","authors":"Zheng Liu, Yun‐Fei Yang, Jun‐Hao Sun, Hong‐Mei Liu, Zi‐Chen Li, Jin-Shu Wang","doi":"10.1002/metm.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/metm.14","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetron is currently one kind of the most widely used vacuum electronic devices. The cathode, as the electronic source of the device, is the core of magnetrons. With the development of magnetrons, the requirements for cathode performance are also increasing, including thermal electron emission and secondary electron emission performance. This article reviews the development history of cathodes used in magnetrons, discusses the performance and application fields of various cathodes, and the relationship between performance and structure. However, there are still certain problems with various cathode materials that make it difficult to truly cover all magnetrons. The ongoing challenges relating to the magnetron cathodes have been discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":515257,"journal":{"name":"MetalMat","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetron is currently one kind of the most widely used vacuum electronic devices. The cathode, as the electronic source of the device, is the core of magnetrons. With the development of magnetrons, the requirements for cathode performance are also increasing, including thermal electron emission and secondary electron emission performance. This article reviews the development history of cathodes used in magnetrons, discusses the performance and application fields of various cathodes, and the relationship between performance and structure. However, there are still certain problems with various cathode materials that make it difficult to truly cover all magnetrons. The ongoing challenges relating to the magnetron cathodes have been discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Cathodes in magnetrons: A review","authors":"Zheng Liu, Yun‐Fei Yang, Jun‐Hao Sun, Hong‐Mei Liu, Zi‐Chen Li, Jin-Shu Wang","doi":"10.1002/metm.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/metm.14","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetron is currently one kind of the most widely used vacuum electronic devices. The cathode, as the electronic source of the device, is the core of magnetrons. With the development of magnetrons, the requirements for cathode performance are also increasing, including thermal electron emission and secondary electron emission performance. This article reviews the development history of cathodes used in magnetrons, discusses the performance and application fields of various cathodes, and the relationship between performance and structure. However, there are still certain problems with various cathode materials that make it difficult to truly cover all magnetrons. The ongoing challenges relating to the magnetron cathodes have been discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":515257,"journal":{"name":"MetalMat","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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