Hanaa L. Alwan, Wisam A. M. Al-Shohani, A. Q. Ahmed
This paper presents an experimental investigation using the exhaust air from the central air conditioning system as cooling air for the PV modules. Experimental tests were conducted under harsh outdoor weather conditions in Baghdad, Iraq, during the summer session, where the recorded ambient temperature was around 33 to 47 °C. In this study, the exhaust air was flowing in the back side of the PV module to reduce the operating temperature of the PV module and thus improve its performance and electrical efficiency. The results show that the temperature of the PV module decreased from 62.42 to 47.42 °C, the output voltage increased from 14.28 to 16.17 V, the generated electrical power increased from 80.39 to 87.89 W, and the electrical efficiency increased from 13.88% to 15.18%. Overall, the enhancement percentage of the PV temperature, voltage, power, and electrical efficiency is 23.7%, 13%, 9.33%, and 9.33%, respectively, compared to the PV module without cooling.
{"title":"Enhancing the performance of photovoltaic using exhausted air from thermal comfort spaces","authors":"Hanaa L. Alwan, Wisam A. M. Al-Shohani, A. Q. Ahmed","doi":"10.1680/jener.24.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.24.00025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an experimental investigation using the exhaust air from the central air conditioning system as cooling air for the PV modules. Experimental tests were conducted under harsh outdoor weather conditions in Baghdad, Iraq, during the summer session, where the recorded ambient temperature was around 33 to 47 °C. In this study, the exhaust air was flowing in the back side of the PV module to reduce the operating temperature of the PV module and thus improve its performance and electrical efficiency. The results show that the temperature of the PV module decreased from 62.42 to 47.42 °C, the output voltage increased from 14.28 to 16.17 V, the generated electrical power increased from 80.39 to 87.89 W, and the electrical efficiency increased from 13.88% to 15.18%. Overall, the enhancement percentage of the PV temperature, voltage, power, and electrical efficiency is 23.7%, 13%, 9.33%, and 9.33%, respectively, compared to the PV module without cooling.","PeriodicalId":515340,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","volume":"96 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1680/jener.2024.177.3.95
Geoffrey P. Hammond
{"title":"Editorial: Towards Net-Zero ‘Greenhouse Gas’ Emissions by 2050","authors":"Geoffrey P. Hammond","doi":"10.1680/jener.2024.177.3.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.2024.177.3.95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":515340,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy consumption and its resultant impact on climate change are inextricably linked, with the burning of fossil fuels being a chief contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, furthering global warming. Mitigating these effects necessitates a two-fold approach: reducing energy consumption through enhanced efficiency and behavioral modifications, and concurrently transitioning to renewable and clean energy sources. Of particular concern is the domestic and commercial building sector, which currently accounts for a substantial 40% of the world's total energy usage. Conventional wind turbines, effective in harnessing wind energy, face limitations in urban areas due to the requisite wind speeds. Micro wind turbines, notably Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT), present a promising solution for achieving net-zero energy buildings in urban settings. VAWTs exhibit advantages such as higher efficiency and lower cut-in speeds. Despite their promise, challenges like reliability, cost, and environmental impact persist. This concise overview suggests potential applications for Pakistan, emphasizing the imperative for further exploration in optimizing VAWT design, developing hybrid systems, and evaluating societal acceptance of rooftop wind farms.
{"title":"Low-speed wind energy generation devices to facilitate NZEB in urban Pakistan","authors":"Irfan Ahmed Gondal","doi":"10.1680/jener.23.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.23.00002","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption and its resultant impact on climate change are inextricably linked, with the burning of fossil fuels being a chief contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, furthering global warming. Mitigating these effects necessitates a two-fold approach: reducing energy consumption through enhanced efficiency and behavioral modifications, and concurrently transitioning to renewable and clean energy sources. Of particular concern is the domestic and commercial building sector, which currently accounts for a substantial 40% of the world's total energy usage. Conventional wind turbines, effective in harnessing wind energy, face limitations in urban areas due to the requisite wind speeds. Micro wind turbines, notably Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT), present a promising solution for achieving net-zero energy buildings in urban settings. VAWTs exhibit advantages such as higher efficiency and lower cut-in speeds. Despite their promise, challenges like reliability, cost, and environmental impact persist. This concise overview suggests potential applications for Pakistan, emphasizing the imperative for further exploration in optimizing VAWT design, developing hybrid systems, and evaluating societal acceptance of rooftop wind farms.","PeriodicalId":515340,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junying Wei, Wenwen Chang, Chenrui Zhang, Gang Li, Xueyi Li, Jidai Wang
With the development of the world, the energy crisis has become increasingly prominent, which has greatly affected the sustainable development of the global economy. To ease the energy crisis and move toward sustainable development, the recovery of low-grade waste heat has gained increasing attention. Through a literature tracking strategy, this report provides the current state of research on internal leakage of the scroll expander, a key component of the Organic Rankine Cycle system. The structure, working principle, heat transfer and expansion efficiency of the scroll expander are introduced. The types of internal leakage, calculation model of leakage, influencing factors, influencing factors and solutions are analyzed in detail. The main influencing factors of internal leakage are: axial clearance, radial clearance, speed, air pressure, lubricating oil and so on.
{"title":"A review of research status of internal leakage in scroll expander","authors":"Junying Wei, Wenwen Chang, Chenrui Zhang, Gang Li, Xueyi Li, Jidai Wang","doi":"10.1680/jener.23.00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.23.00046","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of the world, the energy crisis has become increasingly prominent, which has greatly affected the sustainable development of the global economy. To ease the energy crisis and move toward sustainable development, the recovery of low-grade waste heat has gained increasing attention. Through a literature tracking strategy, this report provides the current state of research on internal leakage of the scroll expander, a key component of the Organic Rankine Cycle system. The structure, working principle, heat transfer and expansion efficiency of the scroll expander are introduced. The types of internal leakage, calculation model of leakage, influencing factors, influencing factors and solutions are analyzed in detail. The main influencing factors of internal leakage are: axial clearance, radial clearance, speed, air pressure, lubricating oil and so on.","PeriodicalId":515340,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","volume":"59 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skills issues for craft trades in building decarbonisation often focus on improving technical knowledge, but known problems of quality assurance in construction also include ‘soft’ employability skills, and the application of sustainability values in practice. New course content is a necessary but not sufficient component of changing practice. The real demand for skills and actual use of skills in the workplace are just as important as new skills supply. A deliberative workshop with 40 expert stakeholders investigated the preparedness of the education and training system for zero-carbon construction skills. Several challenges emerge from this research. The market context for jobs and skills training shows how the over-narrow focus on new courses leads to waste and failures. Policy has an important role to play in developing minimum vocational standards through licensing, allied to consistent, long-term industrial strategy. The low prestige of further education and vocational training hinders real skills development and recruitment and retention of the workforce. Colleges operate with limited resources and competing priorities, creating real constraints on important activities like teacher training. Short courses and continuing professional development have no common standards or link with initial education and training, leading to piecemeal learning of unknown quality.
{"title":"Preparing England's further education system for zero-carbon construction skills","authors":"Gavin Killip, James Robson","doi":"10.1680/jener.23.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.23.00051","url":null,"abstract":"Skills issues for craft trades in building decarbonisation often focus on improving technical knowledge, but known problems of quality assurance in construction also include ‘soft’ employability skills, and the application of sustainability values in practice. New course content is a necessary but not sufficient component of changing practice. The real demand for skills and actual use of skills in the workplace are just as important as new skills supply. A deliberative workshop with 40 expert stakeholders investigated the preparedness of the education and training system for zero-carbon construction skills. Several challenges emerge from this research. The market context for jobs and skills training shows how the over-narrow focus on new courses leads to waste and failures. Policy has an important role to play in developing minimum vocational standards through licensing, allied to consistent, long-term industrial strategy. The low prestige of further education and vocational training hinders real skills development and recruitment and retention of the workforce. Colleges operate with limited resources and competing priorities, creating real constraints on important activities like teacher training. Short courses and continuing professional development have no common standards or link with initial education and training, leading to piecemeal learning of unknown quality.","PeriodicalId":515340,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","volume":"47 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1680/jener.2024.177.2.47
J. R. Snape
{"title":"Editorial: Alternative energy sources in the transition to Net Zero","authors":"J. R. Snape","doi":"10.1680/jener.2024.177.2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.2024.177.2.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":515340,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140789135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1680/jener.2024.177.1.45
{"title":"Energy: Referees 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jener.2024.177.1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jener.2024.177.1.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":515340,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139638544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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