Introduction: Sudan armed conflict between rapid support force (RSF) and Sudanese army was one of the wicked wars, the conflict has a terrible physical, emotional, and economic costs for Sudanese, this war caused great traumatic injuries among civilians despite the number of affected persons, during the period of this armed conflict, there is no data or reports regarding affected civilians. Material and Methods: This is descriptive experience based and cross sectional study done at Almubarak hospital, kassala town from July 2023 to March 2024. In fact, the study was designed to reflect our neurosurgical experience during the period of armed conflict between rapid supporting force (RSF) and Sudanese army, hence the war is still going on, also, this paper describe the neurosurgical circumstances in Sudan throughout the war compared with other war that occurring in the middle East and worldwide . Modification and replacement in neuro-anesthia was made to cope with this situation (war period). Results: During the period of this study, we made some changes in techniques and treatment strategies for treating patients with neurosurgical problems. Our data revealed, 18 patients were presented with extra-dural haemorrhage (EDH), depressed fracture was detected in 42 of the patients, and hydrocephalus 12, abscess 5, tumor were 8, and sub-dural haemorrhage (SDH) was encountered in 41 patients.
{"title":"Challenges in Neurosurgery during Armed Conflict in Sudan","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jjms.02.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jjms.02.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sudan armed conflict between rapid support force (RSF) and Sudanese army was one of the wicked wars, the conflict has a terrible physical, emotional, and economic costs for Sudanese, this war caused great traumatic injuries among civilians despite the number of affected persons, during the period of this armed conflict, there is no data or reports regarding affected civilians. Material and Methods: This is descriptive experience based and cross sectional study done at Almubarak hospital, kassala town from July 2023 to March 2024. In fact, the study was designed to reflect our neurosurgical experience during the period of armed conflict between rapid supporting force (RSF) and Sudanese army, hence the war is still going on, also, this paper describe the neurosurgical circumstances in Sudan throughout the war compared with other war that occurring in the middle East and worldwide . Modification and replacement in neuro-anesthia was made to cope with this situation (war period). Results: During the period of this study, we made some changes in techniques and treatment strategies for treating patients with neurosurgical problems. Our data revealed, 18 patients were presented with extra-dural haemorrhage (EDH), depressed fracture was detected in 42 of the patients, and hydrocephalus 12, abscess 5, tumor were 8, and sub-dural haemorrhage (SDH) was encountered in 41 patients.","PeriodicalId":516886,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The assessment of the exposure to cosmic radiation onboard aircraft is one of the preoccupations of bodies responsible for radiation protection. Cosmic particle flux is significantly higher onboard aircraft than at ground level and its intensity depends on the solar activity. The dose is usually estimated using codes validated by the experimental data. In this paper, a comparison of the radiation dose on 30 one-way flights between Kuwait and Egypt was organized. A survey meter IMI Inspector Alert model (IA-V2) Geiger Counter, as well as personal dosimeter detectors [(EPD) and (RAD-60S / RADOS)], were used in this work. Good agreement was observed for instruments determining the different components of the radiation field; the mean ambient dose equivalent for the one-way flying was 8.4 μSv and Absorbed Dose rate was 3.6 µSv/hr. The agreement of values obtained for the total dose obtained by measurements and by calculations is very satisfying
{"title":"Cosmic Ionizing Radiation Exposures on Aircraft and Its Impact Depending on Some Definite Selected Paths","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jjms.02.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jjms.02.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of the exposure to cosmic radiation onboard aircraft is one of the preoccupations of bodies responsible for radiation protection. Cosmic particle flux is significantly higher onboard aircraft than at ground level and its intensity depends on the solar activity. The dose is usually estimated using codes validated by the experimental data. In this paper, a comparison of the radiation dose on 30 one-way flights between Kuwait and Egypt was organized. A survey meter IMI Inspector Alert model (IA-V2) Geiger Counter, as well as personal dosimeter detectors [(EPD) and (RAD-60S / RADOS)], were used in this work. Good agreement was observed for instruments determining the different components of the radiation field; the mean ambient dose equivalent for the one-way flying was 8.4 μSv and Absorbed Dose rate was 3.6 µSv/hr. The agreement of values obtained for the total dose obtained by measurements and by calculations is very satisfying","PeriodicalId":516886,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140085235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outstanding clinical efficacy of mRNA vaccines to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a new direction in vaccine design and development. Accumulation of knowledge on neutralizing antibodies induced by the mRNA vaccines is necessary to ensure the future development of effective and safe mRNA vaccines, not limited to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we performed lectin microarray analysis of vaccine-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) G along with total IgG derived from volunteers who were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Two types of vaccine-induced IgG to the spike and the receptor binding region (RBD) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 were isolated for comparative analysis with total IgG, revealing that distinct differences in glycan profiles that exceeded the differences among individuals, even from an extremely low amount of Ig such as 30 ng of Ig. In particular, the anti-RBD IgG, which demonstrated a uniform glycosylation pattern as the IgG group, showed an increase in fucose and a decrease in sialic acid compared to the total IgG, indicating similar glycan changes as previously reported. The lectin microarray, which can sensitively detect alternations and characteristics in glycan structures, might be used for large-scale analysis to assess the relationship between vaccine side effects and effector activity in the future.
{"title":"Lectin Microarray Analysis of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Elicited by COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jjms.02.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jjms.02.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The outstanding clinical efficacy of mRNA vaccines to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a new direction in vaccine design and development. Accumulation of knowledge on neutralizing antibodies induced by the mRNA vaccines is necessary to ensure the future development of effective and safe mRNA vaccines, not limited to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we performed lectin microarray analysis of vaccine-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) G along with total IgG derived from volunteers who were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Two types of vaccine-induced IgG to the spike and the receptor binding region (RBD) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 were isolated for comparative analysis with total IgG, revealing that distinct differences in glycan profiles that exceeded the differences among individuals, even from an extremely low amount of Ig such as 30 ng of Ig. In particular, the anti-RBD IgG, which demonstrated a uniform glycosylation pattern as the IgG group, showed an increase in fucose and a decrease in sialic acid compared to the total IgG, indicating similar glycan changes as previously reported. The lectin microarray, which can sensitively detect alternations and characteristics in glycan structures, might be used for large-scale analysis to assess the relationship between vaccine side effects and effector activity in the future.","PeriodicalId":516886,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outstanding clinical efficacy of mRNA vaccines to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a new direction in vaccine design and development. Accumulation of knowledge on neutralizing antibodies induced by the mRNA vaccines is necessary to ensure the future development of effective and safe mRNA vaccines, not limited to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we performed lectin microarray analysis of vaccine-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) G along with total IgG derived from volunteers who were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Two types of vaccine-induced IgG to the spike and the receptor binding region (RBD) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 were isolated for comparative analysis with total IgG, revealing that distinct differences in glycan profiles that exceeded the differences among individuals, even from an extremely low amount of Ig such as 30 ng of Ig. In particular, the anti-RBD IgG, which demonstrated a uniform glycosylation pattern as the IgG group, showed an increase in fucose and a decrease in sialic acid compared to the total IgG, indicating similar glycan changes as previously reported. The lectin microarray, which can sensitively detect alternations and characteristics in glycan structures, might be used for large-scale analysis to assess the relationship between vaccine side effects and effector activity in the future.
{"title":"Lectin Microarray Analysis of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Elicited by COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jjms.02.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jjms.02.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The outstanding clinical efficacy of mRNA vaccines to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a new direction in vaccine design and development. Accumulation of knowledge on neutralizing antibodies induced by the mRNA vaccines is necessary to ensure the future development of effective and safe mRNA vaccines, not limited to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we performed lectin microarray analysis of vaccine-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) G along with total IgG derived from volunteers who were vaccinated with BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Two types of vaccine-induced IgG to the spike and the receptor binding region (RBD) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 were isolated for comparative analysis with total IgG, revealing that distinct differences in glycan profiles that exceeded the differences among individuals, even from an extremely low amount of Ig such as 30 ng of Ig. In particular, the anti-RBD IgG, which demonstrated a uniform glycosylation pattern as the IgG group, showed an increase in fucose and a decrease in sialic acid compared to the total IgG, indicating similar glycan changes as previously reported. The lectin microarray, which can sensitively detect alternations and characteristics in glycan structures, might be used for large-scale analysis to assess the relationship between vaccine side effects and effector activity in the future.","PeriodicalId":516886,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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