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Stress and Mental Health: A Focus on COVID-19 and Racial Trauma Stress. 压力和心理健康:关注COVID-19和种族创伤压力。
IF 3.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.8.06
Claire M Kamp Dush, Wendy D Manning, Miranda N Berrigan, Rachel R Hardeman

In the United States, COVID-19 unfolded alongside profound racial trauma. Drawing on a population representative sample of 20-60 year-olds who were married or cohabiting, the National Couples' Health and Time Study (N =3,642), we examine two specific sources of stress: COVID-19 and racial trauma. We leverage the fully powered samples of respondents with racial/ethnic and sexual minority identities and find that COVID-19 and racial trauma stress were higher among individuals who were not White or heterosexual most likely due to racism, xenophobia, and cis-heterosexism at the individual and structural levels. Both COVID-19 and racial trauma stress were associated with poorer mental health outcomes even after accounting for a rich set of potential mechanistic indicators, including discrimination and social climate. We argue that the inclusion of assessments of stress are critical for understanding health and well-being among individuals impacted by systemic and interpersonal discrimination.

在美国,COVID-19的爆发伴随着深刻的种族创伤。全国夫妇健康和时间研究(N =3,642)利用20-60岁已婚或同居的人口代表性样本,研究了两个特定的压力来源:COVID-19和种族创伤。我们利用具有种族/民族和性少数身份的受访者的充分动力样本,发现COVID-19和种族创伤压力在非白人或异性恋者中更高,这很可能是由于种族主义、仇外心理和顺性异性恋在个人和结构层面造成的。即使在考虑了包括歧视和社会气候在内的一系列潜在机制指标之后,COVID-19和种族创伤压力都与较差的心理健康结果有关。我们认为,纳入压力评估对于理解受系统和人际歧视影响的个体的健康和福祉至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
A Qualitative Examination of Work, Families, and Schools in Low-Income Latinx Communities During Strict Immigration Enforcement. 在严格的移民执法期间,低收入拉丁裔社区的工作、家庭和学校的定性检查。
IF 3.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.5.09
David E Rangel, Elizabeth Peck

Education policy and the role of schools are a neglected part of the welfare state. Yet schools may be important sites for understanding how policy, work, and families intersect in immigrant households. Drawing on thirty interviews from seventeen households, this article highlights the experiences of families with young children during a time of increased national hostility toward immigrants. Given that immigrant families are often excluded from more traditional forms of social insurance, findings reveal the central role of fathers both inside and outside the home. Parental involvement, defined as parents' interactions with their children's education both inside and outside the home, was structured by English-dominant schooling environments. In Phoenix, parental involvement was uniquely shaped by a punitive immigration context at father's work and in children's schools. We discuss the implications of our findings on the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage and advance policy recommendations to support foreign- and U.S.-born children's educational success.

教育政策和学校的作用是福利国家中被忽视的一部分。然而,学校可能是了解移民家庭中政策、工作和家庭如何相互交织的重要场所。本文通过对17个家庭的30次采访,重点介绍了在全国对移民的敌意日益加剧的时期,有小孩的家庭的经历。考虑到移民家庭经常被排除在更传统形式的社会保险之外,研究结果揭示了父亲在家庭内外的核心作用。父母参与,定义为父母在家庭内外与孩子教育的互动,是由英语主导的学校环境构成的。在凤凰城,父母的参与受到父亲工作和孩子学校中惩罚性移民背景的独特影响。我们讨论了我们的研究结果对劣势代际传递的影响,并提出了政策建议,以支持外国和美国出生的儿童在教育上的成功。
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引用次数: 1
Access to Early Care and Education in Rural Communities: Implications for Children's School Readiness. 农村社区获得早期护理和教育的机会:对儿童入学准备的影响。
IF 3.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.3.04
Taryn W Morrissey, Scott W Allard, Elizabeth Pelletier

This study links county-level early care and education (ECE) program, economic, and demographic data to child-level data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort of 2010-2011 to examine geographic variation in ECE program participation and provision. We find that public ECE programs, particularly Head Start, occupy a larger role in nonmetropolitan communities than in metropolitan areas. By contrast, children in rural counties are less likely to attend private center-based ECE, and nonprofit childcare program expenditures in rural areas lag. We also find rural-metropolitan differences in school readiness diminish when geographic characteristics are controlled. Results suggest that county-level context and state-level policy features shape children's early experiences, and that public ECE investments are key in narrowing disparities in ECE attendance and in children's outcomes.

本研究将县级幼儿保育和教育(ECE)计划、经济和人口统计数据与2010-2011年幼儿纵向研究幼儿园队列中的儿童水平数据联系起来,以检验幼儿保育计划参与和提供的地理差异。我们发现,公共ECE项目,特别是Head Start,在非大都市社区中比在大都市地区发挥着更大的作用。相比之下,农村县的儿童不太可能参加以私人中心为基础的欧洲经委会,农村地区的非营利儿童保育项目支出滞后。我们还发现,当地理特征得到控制时,农村和大都市在入学准备方面的差异会减少。结果表明,县级背景和州级政策特征塑造了儿童的早期经历,欧洲经委会的公共投资是缩小欧洲经委会入学率和儿童成绩差距的关键。
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引用次数: 6
Rural Kids and Wealth. 农村孩子与财富
IF 3.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.4.07
Lisa A Keister, James W Moody, Tom Wolff

Wealth ownership is a critical component of economic well-being, and wealth in early adulthood provides important clues about the trajectories along which individuals move throughout their lives. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we find an association between growing up rural and adult wealth that varies across the components of wealth. We also find that growing up rural has unique implications for young adult wealth ownership that differ from growing up in other geographic regions, particularly in urban areas. Our results highlight an important outcome that is conditioned by growing up rural and underscores the importance of context for understanding how families save and accumulate wealth.

财富所有权是经济福祉的重要组成部分,成年早期的财富为个人一生的发展轨迹提供了重要线索。利用全国青少年健康纵向研究(Add Health)的数据,我们发现在农村长大与成年财富之间存在关联,这种关联在不同的财富构成要素之间存在差异。我们还发现,在农村长大与在其他地理区域(尤其是城市地区)长大的青少年财富所有权有着独特的影响。我们的研究结果凸显了农村成长环境的一个重要影响因素,并强调了环境对于理解家庭如何储蓄和积累财富的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Life-Course Transitions in Rural Residence and Old-Age Mortality in Iowa, 1930-2014. 1930-2014 年爱荷华州农村居民的生命历程转变与老年死亡率》(Life-Course Transitions in Rural Residence and Old-Age Mortality in Iowa, 1930-2014)。
IF 3.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.4.05
Evan Roberts, Wendy Rahn, Deann Lazovich

Early-life conditions are associated with mortality in men, but not studied to the same extent in women. We add new evidence by studying a cohort of women born between 1916 and 1931 and followed for mortality between 1986 and 2013. Our sample from Iowa includes a significant number of rural women, from both farms and small towns. The long-term effects of growing up in a rural area were mixed: farmers' daughters lived longer than women growing up off-farm in rural areas. Daughters of farm laborers and skilled or semi-skilled trades workers fared worst, when considering early-life socioeconomic status. We also find evidence that migrating to small-town Iowa was associated with lower life expectancy after age fifty-five. Considering social class and farm-nonfarm status is important for understanding the health of rural America.

男性的早年生活状况与死亡率有关,但对女性的研究程度却不尽相同。我们研究了 1916 年至 1931 年间出生的一批女性,并对她们在 1986 年至 2013 年间的死亡率进行了跟踪调查,从而为我们提供了新的证据。我们的样本来自爱荷华州,其中包括大量来自农场和小镇的农村妇女。在农村地区长大的长期影响有好有坏:农民的女儿比在农村地区非农业地区长大的妇女更长寿。如果考虑到早年的社会经济地位,农场工人和熟练或半熟练工人的女儿情况最差。我们还发现有证据表明,迁移到爱荷华州小镇与 55 岁以后预期寿命较低有关。考虑社会阶层和非农身份对于了解美国农村的健康状况非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
What Is Wrong with Monetary Sanctions? Directions for Policy, Practice, and Research. 货币制裁有什么问题?政策、实践和研究方向》。
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.1.10
Brittany Friedman, Alexes Harris, Beth M Huebner, Karin D Martin, Becky Pettit, Sarah K S Shannon, Bryan L Sykes

Monetary sanctions are an integral and increasingly debated feature of the American criminal legal system. Emerging research, including that featured in this volume, offers important insight into the law governing monetary sanctions, how they are levied, and how their imposition affects inequality. Monetary sanctions are assessed for a wide range of contacts with the criminal legal system ranging from felony convictions to alleged traffic violations with important variability in law and practice across states. These differences allow for the identification of features of law, policy, and practice that differentially shape access to justice and equality before the law. Common practices undermine individuals' rights and fuel inequality in the effects of unpaid monetary sanctions. These observations lead us to offer a number of specific recommendations to improve the administration of justice, mitigate some of the most harmful effects of monetary sanctions, and advance future research.

金钱制裁是美国刑事法律制度的一个组成部分,也是一个日益引起争论的问题。新近的研究,包括本卷中介绍的研究,为我们提供了有关货币制裁的法律、如何实施货币制裁以及实施货币制裁如何影响不平等的重要见解。金钱制裁是针对与刑事法律系统的广泛接触而评估的,从重罪定罪到涉嫌交通违规,各州的法律和实践存在很大差异。通过这些差异,我们可以发现法律、政策和实践的特点,这些特点对司法救助和法律面前人人平等产生了不同的影响。常见的做法损害了个人的权利,加剧了无偿金钱制裁效果的不平等。这些观察结果使我们提出了一些具体建议,以改善司法,减轻金钱制裁的一些最有害影响,并推动未来的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Studying the System of Monetary Sanctions. 研究货币制裁制度。
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.1.01
Alexes Harris, Mary Pattillo, Bryan L Sykes
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引用次数: 0
Monetary Sanctions as Chronic and Acute Health Stressors: The Emotional Strain of People Who Owe Court Fines and Fees. 作为慢性和急性健康压力源的货币制裁:欠法院罚款和费用的人的情绪压力。
IF 3.8 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2022.8.2.02
Alexes Harris, Tyler Smith

In this article, we explore the experiences of people who carry monetary sanction (or penal) debt across eight U.S. states. Using 519 interviews with people sentenced to fines and fees, we analyze the mental and emotional aspects of their experiences. Situating our analysis within research on the social determinants of health and the stress universe, we suggest that monetary sanctions create an overwhelmingly palpable sense of fear, frustration, anxiety, and despair. We theorize the ways in which monetary sanctions function as both acute and chronic health stressors for people who are unable to pay off their debts, highlight the mechanisms linking penal debt with mental and emotional burdens, and generalize our findings using national data from the U.S. Federal Reserve. We find that the system of monetary sanctions generates a great deal of stress and strain that becomes an internalized punishment affecting many realms of people's lives.

在这篇文章中,我们探讨了美国八个州背负货币制裁(或刑事)债务的人的经历。通过对519名被判处罚款和费用的人的采访,我们分析了他们经历的心理和情感方面。将我们的分析置于对健康和压力世界的社会决定因素的研究中,我们认为货币制裁会产生一种极其明显的恐惧、沮丧、焦虑和绝望感。我们对货币制裁对无力偿还债务的人来说是急性和慢性健康压力源的方式进行了理论化,强调了刑事债务与精神和情感负担之间的联系机制,并利用美国联邦储备委员会的国家数据概括了我们的发现。我们发现,货币制裁制度产生了巨大的压力和紧张,成为影响人们生活许多领域的内在惩罚。
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引用次数: 6
The Effects of State-Level Medicaid Coverage on Family Wealth. 州级医疗补助覆盖率对家庭财富的影响》(The Effects of State-Level Medicaid Coverage on Family Wealth.
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.10
Margot Jackson, Chinyere Agbai, Emily Rauscher

Jointly financed by the federal government and the states, Medicaid represents the second largest form of public-sector investment in children. Research documents direct positive effects of Medicaid on children's well-being, but little is known about the effects of Medicaid expansions on the wealth of families with children. Using state variation in Medicaid access during the prenatal and infant period, linked to longitudinal data from the children of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79, we ask whether state-level Medicaid generosity is associated with family wealth among families with children and whether these effects vary by parental education and race-ethnicity. We find that greater state-level Medicaid access is associated with a larger total amount held in savings and retirement accounts, as well as in mortgages. These effects are largely driven by non-Hispanic white families, and those with more highly educated mothers.

医疗补助计划》由联邦政府和各州共同出资,是公共部门对儿童投资的第二大形式。研究表明,《医疗补助计划》对儿童的福祉有直接的积极影响,但人们对《医疗补助计划》的扩大对有子女家庭的财富影响知之甚少。我们利用各州在产前和婴儿期获得医疗补助方面的差异,并与全国青年纵向调查(National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79)的儿童纵向数据相联系,询问各州的医疗补助慷慨程度是否与有子女家庭的家庭财富相关,以及这些影响是否因父母的教育程度和种族族裔而异。我们发现,州级医疗补助的普及程度越高,储蓄和退休账户以及抵押贷款的总额就越大。这些影响主要由非西班牙裔白人家庭和母亲受教育程度较高的家庭产生。
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引用次数: 0
Childhood Wealth Inequality in the United States: Implications for Social Stratification and Well-Being. 美国儿童时期的财富不平等:对社会分层和福祉的影响》。
IF 3.9 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.01
Christina Gibson-Davis, Heather D Hill
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引用次数: 0
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Rsf-The Russell Sage Journal of the Social Sciences
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