Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.11
A. Akinbolati, Isah Shaibu, Chidozie Okpala
Due to rapid development in mobile communication technology in recent times, strong signal coverage has become a major necessity. However, path loss is one of the major challenges against strong signal coverage. Several path loss models have been developed for predicting wireless signal coverage for urban, sub-urban and rural areas. However, the need to investigate which model can best predict losses in an environment becomes necessary. This work is aimed at comparing the Error Margin of some Path loss Models over Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) channel using the Star Times DTTV Channel within Katsina metropolis. Seven path loss predicting models for outdoor macro cell wireless communication were used. They are; Free Space model, COST-231 model, (developed by the European Union Co-operative for Scientific and Technical Research Team) Hata - Okurmura model, Plane Earth model, Okumura model, Ericson model and ECC model. The measurement campaigns were in two seasons, the wet season was in August and dry season in November, 2021. Both measured and predicted path loss values were computed using empirical models. Statistical error analysis based on the RMSE was carried out to determine the error margins between measured and predicted values. Based on the result of path loss assessment and error analysis, COST-231 with the lowest RMSE value of 13.49 dB which is within the acceptable range for sub-urban city is the most preferred amongst the investigated models for path loss prediction over digital UHF channel in Katsina city
{"title":"Investigation of Error Margin of Some Path Loss Models Over Digital Terrestrial Television Channel in Katsina Metropolis","authors":"A. Akinbolati, Isah Shaibu, Chidozie Okpala","doi":"10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Due to rapid development in mobile communication technology in recent times, strong signal coverage has become a major necessity. However, path loss is one of the major challenges against strong signal coverage. Several path loss models have been developed for predicting wireless signal coverage for urban, sub-urban and rural areas. However, the need to investigate which model can best predict losses in an environment becomes necessary. This work is aimed at comparing the Error Margin of some Path loss Models over Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) channel using the Star Times DTTV Channel within Katsina metropolis. Seven path loss predicting models for outdoor macro cell wireless communication were used. They are; Free Space model, COST-231 model, (developed by the European Union Co-operative for Scientific and Technical Research Team) Hata - Okurmura model, Plane Earth model, Okumura model, Ericson model and ECC model. The measurement campaigns were in two seasons, the wet season was in August and dry season in November, 2021. Both measured and predicted path loss values were computed using empirical models. Statistical error analysis based on the RMSE was carried out to determine the error margins between measured and predicted values. Based on the result of path loss assessment and error analysis, COST-231 with the lowest RMSE value of 13.49 dB which is within the acceptable range for sub-urban city is the most preferred amongst the investigated models for path loss prediction over digital UHF channel in Katsina city","PeriodicalId":517369,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Theoretical and Environmental Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140460853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.13
Amara Yohanna, E. Joseph, C. Okpala
The need to investigate the presence of radionuclides in herbs is paramount as they have direct link to the soil which is the main source of terrestrial radionuclides and heavy metals. Ten (10) medicinal plants commonly sold and consumed in Katsina Urban, were studied using thallium activated sodium iodide detector gamma spectrometric set up to measure the natural radionuclides present in the samples. Potassium-40 (40K), Uranium-238 (238U), and Thorium-232 (232Th) were measured in all the samples. The activity concentration of K-40 ranged between 64.57 - 777.06 Bq/kg, U-238 ranged between 175.88 Bq/kg - 369.10 Bq/kg, while Th-232 ranged between 0.20 - 9.52 Bq/kg. The absorbed dose ranged between 108.02 nGy/h – 198.88 nGy/h while the annual effective dose due to the radionuclide’s intake ranged between 0.13 μSv/y – 0.24 μSv/y. The annual effective dose for K-40, U-238 and Th-232 was found to be lower than the limit set by United Nation Scientific Committee on Energy and Atomic Research of 0.48 mSv/y. The radiological hazard indices calculated ranged between 1.09 - 2.14 and 0.62- 1.5 for the internal and external hazard indices respectively. The results of our findings indicates that there is serious radiological risk in consuming these plants for medicinal purposes.
{"title":"Radionuclide Analysis of Some Locally Consumed Herbal Plants Commonly Used in Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Amara Yohanna, E. Joseph, C. Okpala","doi":"10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.13","url":null,"abstract":"The need to investigate the presence of radionuclides in herbs is paramount as they have direct link to the soil which is the main source of terrestrial radionuclides and heavy metals. Ten (10) medicinal plants commonly sold and consumed in Katsina Urban, were studied using thallium activated sodium iodide detector gamma spectrometric set up to measure the natural radionuclides present in the samples. Potassium-40 (40K), Uranium-238 (238U), and Thorium-232 (232Th) were measured in all the samples. The activity concentration of K-40 ranged between 64.57 - 777.06 Bq/kg, U-238 ranged between 175.88 Bq/kg - 369.10 Bq/kg, while Th-232 ranged between 0.20 - 9.52 Bq/kg. The absorbed dose ranged between 108.02 nGy/h – 198.88 nGy/h while the annual effective dose due to the radionuclide’s intake ranged between 0.13 μSv/y – 0.24 μSv/y. The annual effective dose for K-40, U-238 and Th-232 was found to be lower than the limit set by United Nation Scientific Committee on Energy and Atomic Research of 0.48 mSv/y. The radiological hazard indices calculated ranged between 1.09 - 2.14 and 0.62- 1.5 for the internal and external hazard indices respectively. The results of our findings indicates that there is serious radiological risk in consuming these plants for medicinal purposes.","PeriodicalId":517369,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Theoretical and Environmental Physics","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139895795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.10
Olumide I. Akasoro, A. A. Ige-Adeyeye, J. O. Coker, A. B. Ogunji, A. O. Atilade, M. A. Salaam
The Nigerian government has used prepaid metering for nearly two decades to eliminate post-paid and estimated billing system. There is no doubt that this billing system has benefited house owners who do not have renters as well as a few persons who have the advantage of knowing the exact number of prepaid meters for their apartments. Those living in rental apartments, on the other hand, experience the identical problem with postpaid when a single prepaid meter is divided among inhabitants. Sharing a single prepayment frequently violates the aim of prepaid metering because individual use cannot be reliably tracked. To address the issue of sharing, a unique type of prepaid meter that can handle multiple users on a single prepaid is required. As a result, this study proposes a multi-user prepaid meter that completely prevent conflicts that arise from the sharing of prepaid meters. A prototype for four users was planned and built around Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for individual user identification; a quasi-current sensor to measure energy usage and an Arduino Uno microcontroller ATmega 328p to manage the activities of the system. From the process of recharging to the display unit and other aspects that permit remote transaction of the device, the designed multi-user prepaid energy monitoring system functions well. To address the demand for unmetered houses across the country, the prepaid meter could be mass produced. Considering the different obstacles people have as a result of the low distribution of prepaid meters, this multi-user prepaid meter will undoubtedly be a promising technology to suit Nigerians' demands while also eliminating potential problems with prepaid meter sharing.
尼日利亚政府近二十年来一直使用预付费电表，以淘汰后付费和估算计费系统。毫无疑问，这种计费系统使没有租房者的房主受益，也使少数人受益，因为他们知道自己公寓预付费电表的确切数量。另一方面，居住在出租公寓中的人则会遇到与后付费相同的问题，即一个预付费电表被居民瓜分。共用一个预付费电表经常会违反预付费计量的目的，因为无法可靠地跟踪个人使用情况。为了解决共享问题，需要一种独特的预付费电表，它可以在一个预付费上处理多个用户。因此，本研究提出了一种多用户预付费电表，可完全避免因共享预付费电表而产生的冲突。我们规划并构建了一个可容纳四名用户的原型，该原型采用射频识别（RFID）技术来识别单个用户；采用准电流传感器来测量能源使用量；采用 Arduino Uno 微控制器 ATmega 328p 来管理系统的活动。所设计的多用户预付费能源监测系统从充电过程到显示装置以及允许设备进行远程交易的其他方面都运行良好。为了满足全国各地无表房屋的需求，预付费电表可以批量生产。考虑到人们因预付费电表分布较少而遇到的各种障碍，这种多用户预付费电表无疑将是一种很有前途的技术，既能满足尼日利亚人的需求，又能消除预付费电表共用的潜在问题。
{"title":"Design and Construction of a Multi-User Prepaid Meter","authors":"Olumide I. Akasoro, A. A. Ige-Adeyeye, J. O. Coker, A. B. Ogunji, A. O. Atilade, M. A. Salaam","doi":"10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Nigerian government has used prepaid metering for nearly two decades to eliminate post-paid and estimated billing system. There is no doubt that this billing system has benefited house owners who do not have renters as well as a few persons who have the advantage of knowing the exact number of prepaid meters for their apartments. Those living in rental apartments, on the other hand, experience the identical problem with postpaid when a single prepaid meter is divided among inhabitants. Sharing a single prepayment frequently violates the aim of prepaid metering because individual use cannot be reliably tracked. To address the issue of sharing, a unique type of prepaid meter that can handle multiple users on a single prepaid is required. As a result, this study proposes a multi-user prepaid meter that completely prevent conflicts that arise from the sharing of prepaid meters. A prototype for four users was planned and built around Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology for individual user identification; a quasi-current sensor to measure energy usage and an Arduino Uno microcontroller ATmega 328p to manage the activities of the system. From the process of recharging to the display unit and other aspects that permit remote transaction of the device, the designed multi-user prepaid energy monitoring system functions well. To address the demand for unmetered houses across the country, the prepaid meter could be mass produced. Considering the different obstacles people have as a result of the low distribution of prepaid meters, this multi-user prepaid meter will undoubtedly be a promising technology to suit Nigerians' demands while also eliminating potential problems with prepaid meter sharing.","PeriodicalId":517369,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Theoretical and Environmental Physics","volume":"256 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139895767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.7
A. O. Ukpene, Collins O. Molua, J. C. Igborgbor, J. O. Vwavware, J. U. Emagbetere, D. N. Nwachuku
In this groundbreaking study, an exploration is made of the nexus of quantum mechanics, cellular biology, and the dynamic landscape of remote work. Drawing parallels between the microscopic principles governing quantum phenomena and the intricate processes within cellular biology, we unveil a tapestry of insights that offer profound implications for achieving work-life balance in the digital age. The study synthesizes theoretical frameworks and practical strategies through a comprehensive methodology encompassing literature reviews, interviews with remote work professionals, integration of quantum-cellular insights, expert validation, and ethical considerations. The findings underscore the importance of fostering connectivity, adaptability, and equilibrium in remote work dynamics. As it delves into the quantum-inspired symphony of interconnectedness, suggested recommendations provide actionable steps for organizations to navigate the challenges of remote work, ensuring a harmonious and thriving professional landscape. This study contributes to the discourse on reshaping the future of work. It is a guiding beacon for individuals and organizations seeking balance in the quantum dance of professional existence.
{"title":"Quantum Mechanics and Cellular Biology: A Holistic Approach to Remote Work and Achieving Work-Life Balance","authors":"A. O. Ukpene, Collins O. Molua, J. C. Igborgbor, J. O. Vwavware, J. U. Emagbetere, D. N. Nwachuku","doi":"10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"In this groundbreaking study, an exploration is made of the nexus of quantum mechanics, cellular biology, and the dynamic landscape of remote work. Drawing parallels between the microscopic principles governing quantum phenomena and the intricate processes within cellular biology, we unveil a tapestry of insights that offer profound implications for achieving work-life balance in the digital age. The study synthesizes theoretical frameworks and practical strategies through a comprehensive methodology encompassing literature reviews, interviews with remote work professionals, integration of quantum-cellular insights, expert validation, and ethical considerations. The findings underscore the importance of fostering connectivity, adaptability, and equilibrium in remote work dynamics. As it delves into the quantum-inspired symphony of interconnectedness, suggested recommendations provide actionable steps for organizations to navigate the challenges of remote work, ensuring a harmonious and thriving professional landscape. This study contributes to the discourse on reshaping the future of work. It is a guiding beacon for individuals and organizations seeking balance in the quantum dance of professional existence.","PeriodicalId":517369,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Theoretical and Environmental Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.12
A. A. Alabi, Ridoh Lawal, Kafayat Hamzat, A. M. Olaoye, A. S. Ogungbe, J. O. Coker
Knowledge of the surface and subsurface structures are vital for construction procedures. Integrated geophysical and geotechnical methods were applied to image the subsurface for evaluation of the stratigraphy and the competency of each geoelectric layer for construction purposes at the Federal College of Education Osiele, Abeokuta South-western Nigeria. Nine Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger electrode configurations were conducted over a current electrode spacing of 200 m. Multi-channel Analysis Surface Wave (MASW) was the seismic technique used for the geotechnical analysis of the study area and laboratory analysis was performed to investigate, Atterberg limit, particle size distribution, compaction test, specific gravity, and California bearing ratio. Results from the geophysical investigation revealed four to five geoelectric layers: topsoil, clayey sand, sandy clay, laterite, and fresh basement. The MASW results have s-wave velocities range of 40–500 m/s and analysis showed four layers. The laboratory analysis revealed that all the ten traverses have specific gravity, which is out of limit except sample 8 which is 2.80, plastic index and Atterberg limits of liquid were within permissible values of 12% and 35% respectively except samples 9 and 10, and California Bearing Ratio within specified limits. Geophysical and geotechnical investigation of the subsurface carried out in the study area for construction purposes revealed that the foundation of a heavy structure should be targeted at around 20 m into the subsurface.
{"title":"Geophysical and Geotechnical Investigations of the Subsurface for Construction Purposes at Federal College of Education Osiele, Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"A. A. Alabi, Ridoh Lawal, Kafayat Hamzat, A. M. Olaoye, A. S. Ogungbe, J. O. Coker","doi":"10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62292/njtep.v1i1.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the surface and subsurface structures are vital for construction procedures. Integrated geophysical and geotechnical methods were applied to image the subsurface for evaluation of the stratigraphy and the competency of each geoelectric layer for construction purposes at the Federal College of Education Osiele, Abeokuta South-western Nigeria. Nine Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger electrode configurations were conducted over a current electrode spacing of 200 m. Multi-channel Analysis Surface Wave (MASW) was the seismic technique used for the geotechnical analysis of the study area and laboratory analysis was performed to investigate, Atterberg limit, particle size distribution, compaction test, specific gravity, and California bearing ratio. Results from the geophysical investigation revealed four to five geoelectric layers: topsoil, clayey sand, sandy clay, laterite, and fresh basement. The MASW results have s-wave velocities range of 40–500 m/s and analysis showed four layers. The laboratory analysis revealed that all the ten traverses have specific gravity, which is out of limit except sample 8 which is 2.80, plastic index and Atterberg limits of liquid were within permissible values of 12% and 35% respectively except samples 9 and 10, and California Bearing Ratio within specified limits. Geophysical and geotechnical investigation of the subsurface carried out in the study area for construction purposes revealed that the foundation of a heavy structure should be targeted at around 20 m into the subsurface.","PeriodicalId":517369,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Theoretical and Environmental Physics","volume":"150 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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