This work reports on the effect of adding GO on the microstructural properties of fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) tests were performed to investigate microstructural properties of fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites. The XRD data showed that the intensity of the peaks in the fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites increase with increasing the amount of the GO composition, which indicates the quartz phase (SiO2) remained in crystal form. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) data showed that the presence of GO absorption bands indicates the successful inclusion of GO into the geopolymer matrix/network, which affected the microstructural development of fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites. In addition, the SEM images reveal that fly ash's diameter decreased up to the GO content of 1 gram, and the matrix was denser, which will increase the strength of the fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites. While adding larger than 1 gram (e.g., 2 grams) of GO results in a bigger diameter of fly ash with the coarser matrix, which will decrease the strength of the fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites.
本研究报告了添加 GO 对粉煤灰基土工聚合物-GO 复合材料微观结构特性的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）和傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）测试来研究粉煤灰基土工聚合物-GO 复合材料的微观结构特性。XRD 数据显示，粉煤灰基土工聚合物-GO 复合材料中的峰强度随着 GO 成分含量的增加而增加，这表明石英相（SiO2）仍以晶体形式存在。傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）数据显示，GO 吸收带的出现表明 GO 成功地加入到了土工聚合物基体/网络中，从而影响了粉煤灰基土工聚合物-GO 复合材料的微观结构发展。此外，扫描电镜图像显示，GO 含量达到 1 克时，粉煤灰的直径减小，基体更加致密，这将提高粉煤灰基土工聚合物-GO 复合材料的强度。而添加大于 1 克（如 2 克）的 GO 会导致粉煤灰直径变大，基体变粗，从而降低粉煤灰基土工聚合物-GO 复合材料的强度。
{"title":"Investigation into the Impact of Graphene Oxide (GO) on Microstructural Characteristics in Geopolymer Composites Derived from Fly Ash","authors":"Agus Susanto, Abdul Haris, Muhammad Saleh","doi":"10.4028/p-vs0pc9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vs0pc9","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports on the effect of adding GO on the microstructural properties of fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) tests were performed to investigate microstructural properties of fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites. The XRD data showed that the intensity of the peaks in the fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites increase with increasing the amount of the GO composition, which indicates the quartz phase (SiO2) remained in crystal form. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) data showed that the presence of GO absorption bands indicates the successful inclusion of GO into the geopolymer matrix/network, which affected the microstructural development of fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites. In addition, the SEM images reveal that fly ash's diameter decreased up to the GO content of 1 gram, and the matrix was denser, which will increase the strength of the fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites. While adding larger than 1 gram (e.g., 2 grams) of GO results in a bigger diameter of fly ash with the coarser matrix, which will decrease the strength of the fly ash-based geopolymer-GO composites.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"148 11‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agus Yulianto, Agung Setyo Darmawan, A’an Candra Mustika, B. W. Febriantoko, P. Partono
This study aims to determine how the effect of inoculation of manganese (FeMn) on the hardness value, the results of microstructure photos, and the results of the Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, test on gray cast iron material with the addition of 3% FeMn. In this casting process using an induction smelting furnace with a temperature of 1300 – 1400 C the material used for smelting is iron (Fe), melted and then mixed with 3%. FeMn after mixed poured into metal molds and prepared sand. The results of the hardness test showed that the hardness values vary in the upper, lower, and intermediate metal molds. The results of microstructure testing of metal molds, transitional molds, and sand molds at the bottom are the hardest because the graphite is neatly arranged and clearly visible. The results of the Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy test of the Mn element in the metal mold was detected at 3.45% and in the sand mold at 0.00%, the Mn sand mold was actually detected on the graph but did not appear in the data table because it was covered by Fe, C, and Si elements.
本研究旨在确定锰（FeMn）的接种对灰铸铁材料硬度值的影响、微观结构照片的结果以及扫描电子显微镜能量色散 X 射线光谱的结果。在这种铸造工艺中，使用的感应熔炼炉温度为 1300 - 1400 摄氏度，用于熔炼的材料是铁（Fe），熔化后再与 3% 的铁锰混合。混合后的铁锰倒入金属模具和准备好的砂中。硬度测试结果表明，上层、下层和中层金属模具的硬度值各不相同。金属模具、过渡模具和底部砂模的微观结构测试结果显示，石墨排列整齐，清晰可见，因此硬度最高。扫描电子显微镜能量色散 X 射线光谱检测结果显示，金属模具中的锰元素含量为 3.45%，砂模中的锰元素含量为 0.00%，锰砂模在图表中实际检测到，但由于被 Fe、C 和 Si 元素覆盖，所以没有出现在数据表中。
{"title":"Characterization of Gray Cast Iron with the Addition of 3 Wt.% FeMn in the Casting Process with Metal Molds and Sand Molds","authors":"Agus Yulianto, Agung Setyo Darmawan, A’an Candra Mustika, B. W. Febriantoko, P. Partono","doi":"10.4028/p-rt48g1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-rt48g1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine how the effect of inoculation of manganese (FeMn) on the hardness value, the results of microstructure photos, and the results of the Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, test on gray cast iron material with the addition of 3% FeMn. In this casting process using an induction smelting furnace with a temperature of 1300 – 1400 C the material used for smelting is iron (Fe), melted and then mixed with 3%. FeMn after mixed poured into metal molds and prepared sand. The results of the hardness test showed that the hardness values vary in the upper, lower, and intermediate metal molds. The results of microstructure testing of metal molds, transitional molds, and sand molds at the bottom are the hardest because the graphite is neatly arranged and clearly visible. The results of the Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy test of the Mn element in the metal mold was detected at 3.45% and in the sand mold at 0.00%, the Mn sand mold was actually detected on the graph but did not appear in the data table because it was covered by Fe, C, and Si elements.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140285843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saodat B. Mirzajonova, Matluba Muratova, Ulugkhoja Rakhmatov, Nargiza Lutfullayeva, G. Beknazarova, Z. Matkarimov, S. Matkarimov
The article provides information about the initial elements in the waste and tailings of the copper processing plant of the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine and theoretical solutions for the extraction of metals. According to chemical data, the amount of iron in the waste is high (52.6%), and the most effective solution for extracting iron from the waste is the reduction process. An increase in the amount of iron to 88.9% was formed using coal and lime as reducing agents.
{"title":"Iron Recovery Technology from Copper Processing Plants","authors":"Saodat B. Mirzajonova, Matluba Muratova, Ulugkhoja Rakhmatov, Nargiza Lutfullayeva, G. Beknazarova, Z. Matkarimov, S. Matkarimov","doi":"10.4028/p-kezxi8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-kezxi8","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides information about the initial elements in the waste and tailings of the copper processing plant of the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine and theoretical solutions for the extraction of metals. According to chemical data, the amount of iron in the waste is high (52.6%), and the most effective solution for extracting iron from the waste is the reduction process. An increase in the amount of iron to 88.9% was formed using coal and lime as reducing agents.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140285674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agung Setyo Darmawan, A. Anggono, Agus Yulianto, B. W. Febriantoko, Masyrukan Masyrukan, T. Ginta, Abdul Hamid
Welding plays an important role in the component joining process. This study aimed to determine the effect of shielded metal arc welding on the microstructure, hardness and tensile strength of nodular cast iron. Shielded metal arc welding was performed using AWS A5.15 Eni-CL electrodes. Scanning Electron Microscope is used for metallographic observation. Hardness testing was carried out on base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metal. This hardness test uses the Vickers technique. Tensile testing was carried out to determine the effect of welding on tensile strength. The results of the metallographic investigation showed the disappearance of the ferrite phase and the appearance of the ledeburite phase in the heat-affected zone and weld metal. The area with the highest hardness occurs in the heat-affected zone while the lowest hardness occurs in the weld metal. There is a decrease in the tensile strength of nodular cast iron due to the welding process.
{"title":"Effect of Shielded Metal Arc Welding on Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Strength of Nodular Cast Iron","authors":"Agung Setyo Darmawan, A. Anggono, Agus Yulianto, B. W. Febriantoko, Masyrukan Masyrukan, T. Ginta, Abdul Hamid","doi":"10.4028/p-2gxsxr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2gxsxr","url":null,"abstract":"Welding plays an important role in the component joining process. This study aimed to determine the effect of shielded metal arc welding on the microstructure, hardness and tensile strength of nodular cast iron. Shielded metal arc welding was performed using AWS A5.15 Eni-CL electrodes. Scanning Electron Microscope is used for metallographic observation. Hardness testing was carried out on base metal, heat-affected zone, and weld metal. This hardness test uses the Vickers technique. Tensile testing was carried out to determine the effect of welding on tensile strength. The results of the metallographic investigation showed the disappearance of the ferrite phase and the appearance of the ledeburite phase in the heat-affected zone and weld metal. The area with the highest hardness occurs in the heat-affected zone while the lowest hardness occurs in the weld metal. There is a decrease in the tensile strength of nodular cast iron due to the welding process.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140286110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emelia Kristin Apriliana Ardi, Y. Iriani, Didier Fasquelle
This research investigated the Fe doping effects on the Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) structure to improve its photocatalytic activity. The so-called Fe-doped STO photocatalysts with a stoichiometry formula of SrTi1-xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.01, and 0.05) were successfully fabricated using the coprecipitation method. The XRD characterization confirmed the formation of STO, SrTi0.99Fe0.01O3, and SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3 photocatalysts and the shrinkage crystallite size due to increasing Fe content. The FTIR characterization supported the XRD results, where all samples revealed Sr-Ti-O bonds with no observed Fe-O bonds indicating the successful fabrication and doping. The photocatalytic activity was examined by the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under UV light for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 irradiation times, and the absorbance was determined using a Spectrophotometer instrument. All samples have successfully degraded MB dye where the %degradation linearly increased with longer irradiation times. The results further exhibited that the SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3 sample had the highest %degradation at 75.3% while SrTi0.99Fe0.01O3 samples achieved the highest kinetic rate at 0.2557 min-1. All Fe-doped samples revealed better photocatalytic activity than the undoped STO, proving that Fe doping could improve the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3.
{"title":"Ferrite (Fe) Doping in Strontium Titanate (SrTi1-xFexO3) to Improve Photocatalytic Activity","authors":"Emelia Kristin Apriliana Ardi, Y. Iriani, Didier Fasquelle","doi":"10.4028/p-8dwrok","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8dwrok","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the Fe doping effects on the Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) structure to improve its photocatalytic activity. The so-called Fe-doped STO photocatalysts with a stoichiometry formula of SrTi1-xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.01, and 0.05) were successfully fabricated using the coprecipitation method. The XRD characterization confirmed the formation of STO, SrTi0.99Fe0.01O3, and SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3 photocatalysts and the shrinkage crystallite size due to increasing Fe content. The FTIR characterization supported the XRD results, where all samples revealed Sr-Ti-O bonds with no observed Fe-O bonds indicating the successful fabrication and doping. The photocatalytic activity was examined by the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under UV light for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 irradiation times, and the absorbance was determined using a Spectrophotometer instrument. All samples have successfully degraded MB dye where the %degradation linearly increased with longer irradiation times. The results further exhibited that the SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3 sample had the highest %degradation at 75.3% while SrTi0.99Fe0.01O3 samples achieved the highest kinetic rate at 0.2557 min-1. All Fe-doped samples revealed better photocatalytic activity than the undoped STO, proving that Fe doping could improve the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140286048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. F. H. Mukhammad, R. Rusnaldy, Rifky Ismail, T. W. Riyadi
Armour steel products developed in various forms, function and materials. The usage of steel as bulletproof material has many advantages i.e. easy to transport, easy to be formed and has competitive price compared to other material. The mechanical properties of steel which can be used as bulletproof material must meet certain criteria which can be improved through heat treatment process. The aim of this research is to determine the most suitable heat treatment parameter of SKD 11 modified steel material to improve its hardness and the effect of thickness SKD 11 modified as requirement for bulletproof material. This research processed the SKD 11 modified steel material using heat treatment with 1030°C quenching parameter with 3 hours holding time followed by tempering temperature parameter which vary of 400°C, 500°C, 530°C and 600°C with 4 hours holding time for each tempering. The tempering process is done twice for each sample. Result showed that the highest hardness properties was achieved at 1030°C quenching parameter with 3 hours holding time followed by tempering temperature parameter of 530°C with 4 hours holding time. From the best parameter resulted in highest hardness then SKD 11 modified material for ballistic test varied into 5, 7.5 and 10 mm thickness. TheBallistic performance test level III and level IV showed that hardened SKD 11 modified steel material with 10 mm thickness has the lowest BFS value of 3.32 mm and 7.54 mm with a shattered phenomenon present on the experiment. The experiment result confirm that the SKD 11 modified material meet the BFS allowed limit which 46 mm based on NIJ0101.06 standard.
{"title":"Effect of Thickness Hardened SKD 11 Modified Steel on the 7.62 mm Ballistic Performance","authors":"A. F. H. Mukhammad, R. Rusnaldy, Rifky Ismail, T. W. Riyadi","doi":"10.4028/p-8cdgww","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8cdgww","url":null,"abstract":"Armour steel products developed in various forms, function and materials. The usage of steel as bulletproof material has many advantages i.e. easy to transport, easy to be formed and has competitive price compared to other material. The mechanical properties of steel which can be used as bulletproof material must meet certain criteria which can be improved through heat treatment process. The aim of this research is to determine the most suitable heat treatment parameter of SKD 11 modified steel material to improve its hardness and the effect of thickness SKD 11 modified as requirement for bulletproof material. This research processed the SKD 11 modified steel material using heat treatment with 1030°C quenching parameter with 3 hours holding time followed by tempering temperature parameter which vary of 400°C, 500°C, 530°C and 600°C with 4 hours holding time for each tempering. The tempering process is done twice for each sample. Result showed that the highest hardness properties was achieved at 1030°C quenching parameter with 3 hours holding time followed by tempering temperature parameter of 530°C with 4 hours holding time. From the best parameter resulted in highest hardness then SKD 11 modified material for ballistic test varied into 5, 7.5 and 10 mm thickness. TheBallistic performance test level III and level IV showed that hardened SKD 11 modified steel material with 10 mm thickness has the lowest BFS value of 3.32 mm and 7.54 mm with a shattered phenomenon present on the experiment. The experiment result confirm that the SKD 11 modified material meet the BFS allowed limit which 46 mm based on NIJ0101.06 standard.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140285666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fidyaningsih, Saddam Husin, Herri Susanto, Idvan Idvan, Indriasari Indriasari, A. S. Hidayat, M. Anggaravidya, D. K. Arti, Wahyu Tri Utami, Galih Taqwatomo, L. A. Wisojodharmo, A. Amry, D. A. Saputra, M. D. Gumelar, Mohamad Soleh Iskandar
One type of technical rubber that is currently imported is a pneumatic fender, which mostly only uses synthetic rubber as raw material. Whereas natural rubber has superior mechanical properties that are better than synthetic rubber. This research will combine natural rubber (RSS) with EPDM synthetic rubber by varying the RSS/EPDM mass ratio. This study aims to determine the effect of the mass ratio of RSS/EPDM on the quality of the mechanical properties of pneumatic fender compounds. The rubber compound is made with a ratio of RSS/EPDM: 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 0/100. The mechanical testing was carried out under normal and aging conditions. The test results showed that the mass ratio of RSS/EPDM rubber affected the mechanical properties of the resulting rubber compound. The rubber compound formula containing EPDM 10 to 30 phr is suitable for pneumatic fender applications due to better properties and resistance after aging, particularly compression set.
{"title":"Effect of Ribbed Smoked Sheet/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Ratio on Mechanical Properties of Compounds for Pneumatic Fender Applications","authors":"R. Fidyaningsih, Saddam Husin, Herri Susanto, Idvan Idvan, Indriasari Indriasari, A. S. Hidayat, M. Anggaravidya, D. K. Arti, Wahyu Tri Utami, Galih Taqwatomo, L. A. Wisojodharmo, A. Amry, D. A. Saputra, M. D. Gumelar, Mohamad Soleh Iskandar","doi":"10.4028/p-2f2vay","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2f2vay","url":null,"abstract":"One type of technical rubber that is currently imported is a pneumatic fender, which mostly only uses synthetic rubber as raw material. Whereas natural rubber has superior mechanical properties that are better than synthetic rubber. This research will combine natural rubber (RSS) with EPDM synthetic rubber by varying the RSS/EPDM mass ratio. This study aims to determine the effect of the mass ratio of RSS/EPDM on the quality of the mechanical properties of pneumatic fender compounds. The rubber compound is made with a ratio of RSS/EPDM: 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 0/100. The mechanical testing was carried out under normal and aging conditions. The test results showed that the mass ratio of RSS/EPDM rubber affected the mechanical properties of the resulting rubber compound. The rubber compound formula containing EPDM 10 to 30 phr is suitable for pneumatic fender applications due to better properties and resistance after aging, particularly compression set.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140285840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sufriadin Sufriadin, Shany Fauth, Pheter David Tindoilo, I. Nur, Purwanto Purwanto, Rizky Amalia, U. R. Irfan, Djabal Nur Basir, Tsubasa Otake
A nickel laterite ore sample from the Obi Island of North Maluku, Indonesia was thermally treated using corncob charcoal as a reductant to determine the effect of corncob charcoal addition on the chemical change and phase transformation. Mineralogical analysis of raw ore sample and calcines was performed using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods, whereas chemical composition was determined employing X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The ore was then calcined at 1.000°C for 1 hour with the mass variable of corncob charcoal as reductant was 5,10,15, and 20%. After calcination, the products were then weighed and analyzed using microscopic, XRD, and XRF methods. The results of material characterization showed that the ore sample is dominated by goethite. Antigorite, quartz, and hematite are also present in small quantities. The ore sample contains 1.53% Ni, 18.84% Fe, and an SM ratio of 2.46%. The experimental results showed that the optimum condition was achieved with the addition of 10% corncob reductant where the calcined product contains 1.88% Ni, 14.22% Fe, and SM ratio of 1.72. The increase of corncob charcoal addition >10% resulted in slight decrease of Ni reduction likely due to increase of Fe metallization.
{"title":"Thermal Beneficiation of a Nickel Laterite Ore from the Obi Island of North Maluku, Indonesia Using Corncob Char as Reductant","authors":"Sufriadin Sufriadin, Shany Fauth, Pheter David Tindoilo, I. Nur, Purwanto Purwanto, Rizky Amalia, U. R. Irfan, Djabal Nur Basir, Tsubasa Otake","doi":"10.4028/p-05hkm3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-05hkm3","url":null,"abstract":"A nickel laterite ore sample from the Obi Island of North Maluku, Indonesia was thermally treated using corncob charcoal as a reductant to determine the effect of corncob charcoal addition on the chemical change and phase transformation. Mineralogical analysis of raw ore sample and calcines was performed using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods, whereas chemical composition was determined employing X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The ore was then calcined at 1.000°C for 1 hour with the mass variable of corncob charcoal as reductant was 5,10,15, and 20%. After calcination, the products were then weighed and analyzed using microscopic, XRD, and XRF methods. The results of material characterization showed that the ore sample is dominated by goethite. Antigorite, quartz, and hematite are also present in small quantities. The ore sample contains 1.53% Ni, 18.84% Fe, and an SM ratio of 2.46%. The experimental results showed that the optimum condition was achieved with the addition of 10% corncob reductant where the calcined product contains 1.88% Ni, 14.22% Fe, and SM ratio of 1.72. The increase of corncob charcoal addition >10% resulted in slight decrease of Ni reduction likely due to increase of Fe metallization.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"187 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140286036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to synthesis nanoparticles from bamboo charcoal and identify the majority elements of the nanoparticles. The bamboo charcoal is made by pyrolysis process. The charcoal was manually pulverized before being sieved through a filter with a mesh size of 200. The synthesis of the nanoparticle was conducted by using a top-down approach of ball milling process. The charcoal powder that had passed through the filter and the milling balls of steel were then poured into a vial of glass. In the vial, the milling operation was carried out. The vial had a diameter of 71 mm and a length of 119 mm, while the ball's diameter was 0.25 inches. To have the balls collide and reduce the size of the charcoal particles, the vial was rotated. 5 million cycles at 500 revolutions per minutes were performed on the shaker machine. The empty space in the vial was one third of vial volume for the movement of the milling balls. The ball milling process was separated into two conditions, namely dry and wet. For the wet procedure, the particles are filtered to separate the particles based on their size. The particle morphology, size, and elements in the particle produced by the process were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results showed that the size of the particles of the dry procedure is un-uniform in the range of about 300 nm to 600 nm with irregular shape. The dominant element is carbon. The wet procedure produced a more uniform size in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm with also irregular shape. The most dominant element is also carbon.
{"title":"Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Bamboo Charcoal","authors":"S. Supriyono, N. Ngafwan, W. Wijianto","doi":"10.4028/p-stb6gw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-stb6gw","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to synthesis nanoparticles from bamboo charcoal and identify the majority elements of the nanoparticles. The bamboo charcoal is made by pyrolysis process. The charcoal was manually pulverized before being sieved through a filter with a mesh size of 200. The synthesis of the nanoparticle was conducted by using a top-down approach of ball milling process. The charcoal powder that had passed through the filter and the milling balls of steel were then poured into a vial of glass. In the vial, the milling operation was carried out. The vial had a diameter of 71 mm and a length of 119 mm, while the ball's diameter was 0.25 inches. To have the balls collide and reduce the size of the charcoal particles, the vial was rotated. 5 million cycles at 500 revolutions per minutes were performed on the shaker machine. The empty space in the vial was one third of vial volume for the movement of the milling balls. The ball milling process was separated into two conditions, namely dry and wet. For the wet procedure, the particles are filtered to separate the particles based on their size. The particle morphology, size, and elements in the particle produced by the process were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results showed that the size of the particles of the dry procedure is un-uniform in the range of about 300 nm to 600 nm with irregular shape. The dominant element is carbon. The wet procedure produced a more uniform size in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm with also irregular shape. The most dominant element is also carbon.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"156 7‐8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of drag and lift balance aimed to modify and creating a measuring instrument that may be used in the field of aerodynamics or in testing aerodynamic properties. This measurement is in the form of wind speed on an object model such as airfoils, building models and automotive technology. This design uses an open circuit wind tunnel with a low turbulence subsonic type, with a maximum air speed of 30 m/s. The exsisting wind tunnel still uses an analogue measuring instrument which is then modify in a digital arduino-based for drag and lift balance measuring instrument with a drag and lift sensor maximum load of 1kg (v=30m/s) and maximum air speed of 50m/s. The Measuring instrument is calibrated using a 1kg weight test equipment for testing with the test object model (spherical, hemispherical, cylindrical, cube) and three types of airfoil models. The test results are in the form of drag coefficient (Cd) and lift coefficient (CL). The coefficient of drag is greatest in the cube shape and lowest in the sphere, but will decrease in value at a speed of 20 m/s. In the airfoil, the values of Cd and CL have the same trend with the literature with an uncertainty value of less than 10%. The value of CL / Cd will increase as the angle of attack increases, but can very significantly depending on the fluid, airfoil, and aircraft type.
{"title":"Modification of Drag and Lift Balance at Analog Wind Tunnel for Identification of Aerodynamic Performance","authors":"S. Sarjito, B. Junaidin, Bambang Wijayanto","doi":"10.4028/p-8d2ycy","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8d2ycy","url":null,"abstract":"The development of drag and lift balance aimed to modify and creating a measuring instrument that may be used in the field of aerodynamics or in testing aerodynamic properties. This measurement is in the form of wind speed on an object model such as airfoils, building models and automotive technology. This design uses an open circuit wind tunnel with a low turbulence subsonic type, with a maximum air speed of 30 m/s. The exsisting wind tunnel still uses an analogue measuring instrument which is then modify in a digital arduino-based for drag and lift balance measuring instrument with a drag and lift sensor maximum load of 1kg (v=30m/s) and maximum air speed of 50m/s. The Measuring instrument is calibrated using a 1kg weight test equipment for testing with the test object model (spherical, hemispherical, cylindrical, cube) and three types of airfoil models. The test results are in the form of drag coefficient (Cd) and lift coefficient (CL). The coefficient of drag is greatest in the cube shape and lowest in the sphere, but will decrease in value at a speed of 20 m/s. In the airfoil, the values of Cd and CL have the same trend with the literature with an uncertainty value of less than 10%. The value of CL / Cd will increase as the angle of attack increases, but can very significantly depending on the fluid, airfoil, and aircraft type.","PeriodicalId":517464,"journal":{"name":"6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140286053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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