Current medical imaging reviews最新文献

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The Correspondence Between Magnetic Resonance Images and the  Clinical and Intraoperative Status of Patients with Spinal Tumors. 脊柱肿瘤患者的磁共振成像与临床和术中状况之间的对应关系。

Current medical imaging reviews

Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/1573405612666160128235556

Grzegorz Guzik

Abstract introduction: Surgical treatment of tumors, particularly metastases to the spine, has become increasingly common owing to the progress in anesthesiology and spinal surgery and greater detectability. The patients qualified for surgeries are those with mechanical pain, fracture or at risk of vertebral fracture or neurological complications. The basis for qualification for different types of surgeries is clinical and imaging examination, particularly MRI and CT. Qualification should always be multidisciplinary and requires understanding and knowledge of its most essential aspects. When carrying out imaging examinations, it is necessary to assess the size and the type of the tumor, taking into account of differential diagnosis. One should also consider the factors indicating spinal instability or the onset of neurological deficits. The criteria developed by Kostiuk-Weinstain and Taneichi are used for that purpose. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correspondence between the most essential elements of clinical and MRI examination of the spine and the intraoperative status of patients with spinal tumors.

Materials and methods: We carried out prospective examination assessing the correspondence between the clinical status and MR images and the intraoperative spine. We introduced algorithm to describe the morphology of neoplastic lesions within the spine.

Results: The information obtained from the clinical examination and the intraoperative status of the spine corresponded with the MRI examination with the exception of the assessment of neoplastic infiltration to soft tissues, dura mater and nerve roots. It was also found that there are no clear-cut MRI features allowing differentiation of metastatic lesions from primary tumors and osteitis. Furthermore, MRI examination does not allow for the assessment of the quality of bone tissue in the vicinity of the tumor.

摘要介绍：由于麻醉学和脊柱外科的进步以及可探测性的提高，肿瘤，尤其是脊柱转移瘤的手术治疗变得越来越普遍。符合手术条件的患者是那些有机械性疼痛、骨折或有椎体骨折或神经系统并发症风险的患者。不同类型手术的鉴定依据是临床和影像学检查，尤其是核磁共振成像和 CT。资格认证应始终是多学科的，并要求了解和掌握其最基本的方面。在进行影像学检查时，有必要评估肿瘤的大小和类型，并考虑到鉴别诊断。此外，还应考虑脊柱不稳或出现神经功能缺损的因素。为此，我们采用了 Kostiuk-Weinstain 和 Taneichi 制定的标准。本研究旨在评估脊柱临床和磁共振成像检查的最基本要素与脊柱肿瘤患者术中状况之间的对应关系：我们进行了前瞻性检查，评估临床状况和磁共振成像与术中脊柱状况之间的对应关系。我们引入了描述脊柱内肿瘤病变形态的算法：结果：临床检查和术中脊柱状况所获得的信息与核磁共振检查结果一致，但对软组织、硬脑膜和神经根肿瘤浸润的评估除外。研究还发现，核磁共振成像没有明确的特征，无法将转移性病灶与原发性肿瘤和骨炎区分开来。此外，磁共振成像检查无法评估肿瘤附近骨组织的质量。

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From axonal transport to mitochondrial trafficking: What can we learn from Manganese-Enhanced MRI studies in mouse models of Alzheimers disease? 从轴突运输到线粒体运输：我们可以从阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型的锰增强MRI研究中学到什么？

Current medical imaging reviews

Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/157340511794653478

Anne Bertrand, Dung M Hoang, Umer Khan, Youssef Z Wadghiri

Axonal transport perturbations are known to play a critical role in the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD); and Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI) provides a unique, non-invasive tool allowing for the in vivo evaluation of transport deficits in preclinical studies. In this paper, we provide a brief history of MEMRI, and review the current literature describing its biological basis. We propose a model of how manganese transport reflects both axonal and dendritic transport (termed "neuronal transport"), and potentially, mitochondrial trafficking in neurons. A framework for the analysis of MEMRI data is provided. It summarizes the significance of the various parameters describing manganese transport and the pathophysiological events that can alter their relevance, such as neuronal loss, gliosis and excitotoxicity. Lastly, we review publications describing different animal models of AD pathology that suggest the expression of either mutated human tau or mutated human amyloid ß alters neuronal transport, as measured by MEMRI. In this way, MEMRI correlates the in vitro observation of impaired axonal transport and mitochondrial mislocalization related to AD lesions, with direct in vivo data. Therefore, MEMRI has the potential to become a unique tool for assessing the effect of new AD treatments aimed at restoring neuronal transport and mitochondrial trafficking.

轴突转运紊乱在阿尔茨海默病（AD）的病理进展中起关键作用；锰增强MRI （MEMRI）提供了一种独特的、非侵入性的工具，允许在临床前研究中对转运缺陷进行体内评估。在本文中，我们简要介绍了MEMRI的历史，并回顾了目前描述其生物学基础的文献。我们提出了一个锰运输如何反映轴突和树突运输（称为“神经元运输”）的模型，以及神经元中潜在的线粒体运输。提供了MEMRI数据分析的框架。它总结了描述锰转运的各种参数的意义以及可以改变其相关性的病理生理事件，如神经元丢失，胶质瘤和兴奋毒性。最后，我们回顾了描述AD病理的不同动物模型的出版物，这些模型表明，通过MEMRI测量，突变的人类tau或突变的人类淀粉样蛋白β的表达改变了神经元转运。通过这种方式，MEMRI将与AD病变相关的轴突运输受损和线粒体错误定位的体外观察与直接的体内数据联系起来。因此，MEMRI有潜力成为评估旨在恢复神经元运输和线粒体运输的新AD治疗效果的独特工具。

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