The level of oral hygiene in school-aged children in different countries is primarily low. Behavioral factors are the most important contributors to this low level of hygiene. It is also important to note that identifying the specific behaviors that significantly reduce disease burden is critical. The research was provided in Tbilisi, in public schools, to evaluate Oral health indicators (OHI, DMF, def), mean value of intensity of caries in school-aged children (7 to 12 years old), the role of behavioral factors in relation to oral hygiene and carbohydrate nutrition, and the popularity and relevance of preventive measures were determined. A cross-sectional study was conducted, where 149 children aged 7 to 12 were selected by simple random sampling from Tbilisi public schools. Evaluation of DEF, def, and S-OHI indices was carried out. Based on the oral health questionnaire, children’s oral care and carbohydrate nutrition behaviors were assessed, as well as attitudes toward preventive interventions. SPSS version 23 software for statistical data processing was used for statistical analysis. On the example of 149 children in the 7-12-year-old population of Tbilisi, the simplified hygiene index is evaluated by the criterion average (1.56). Urban distribution affects the hygiene index, which is statistically significant (P=0.009). Caries intensity and hygiene index in primary and permanent dentition do not depend on gender - statistical certainty is not fixed. Caries intensity is “medium” for both permanent (3.2) and primary dentition (3.9), and the mean value of caries intensity for the whole population is 6.31, which is rated as “high.” The popularity and relevance of preventive measures are low. Lifestyle behaviors related to both oral hygiene and carbohydrate-rich diets are not consistent with the recommendations provided by the FDI to reduce caries burden.
{"title":"Determining Oral Health Status and Lifestyle related Behaviors on the Example of 149 Children Aged 7 to 12 Years Old Living in Tbilisi","authors":"Lia Mania, K. Nanobashvili, Ilona Sakvarelidze","doi":"10.62343/cjss.2023.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62343/cjss.2023.235","url":null,"abstract":"The level of oral hygiene in school-aged children in different countries is primarily low. Behavioral factors are the most important contributors to this low level of hygiene. It is also important to note that identifying the specific behaviors that significantly reduce disease burden is critical. The research was provided in Tbilisi, in public schools, to evaluate Oral health indicators (OHI, DMF, def), mean value of intensity of caries in school-aged children (7 to 12 years old), the role of behavioral factors in relation to oral hygiene and carbohydrate nutrition, and the popularity and relevance of preventive measures were determined. A cross-sectional study was conducted, where 149 children aged 7 to 12 were selected by simple random sampling from Tbilisi public schools. Evaluation of DEF, def, and S-OHI indices was carried out. Based on the oral health questionnaire, children’s oral care and carbohydrate nutrition behaviors were assessed, as well as attitudes toward preventive interventions. SPSS version 23 software for statistical data processing was used for statistical analysis. On the example of 149 children in the 7-12-year-old population of Tbilisi, the simplified hygiene index is evaluated by the criterion average (1.56). Urban distribution affects the hygiene index, which is statistically significant (P=0.009). Caries intensity and hygiene index in primary and permanent dentition do not depend on gender - statistical certainty is not fixed. Caries intensity is “medium” for both permanent (3.2) and primary dentition (3.9), and the mean value of caries intensity for the whole population is 6.31, which is rated as “high.” The popularity and relevance of preventive measures are low. Lifestyle behaviors related to both oral hygiene and carbohydrate-rich diets are not consistent with the recommendations provided by the FDI to reduce caries burden.","PeriodicalId":518414,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of Georgian's ruling of Shushtar dates back to the reign of Shah Safi. During the reign of Shah Safi, one of his outstanding servants, Vakhashtu Khan was chosen to serve as the governor of Shushtar. This person's entering into Shushtar, who had promoted from being a special servant to the Biglarbeigi position, is considered as a turning point in the development of Shushtar. Vakhushti khan and his brothers were promoted in the Safavid court because of their loyalty to this dynasty. Therefore, Vakhashtu Khan was appointed as the governor of Shushtar, and his brother, Zulfiqar Khan, was appointed as the ruler of Kandahar. They could protect Shushtar and Kandahar very well using their tact so that the Georgians ruling of Shushtar lasted for 102 years. Finally, the ruling period of this clan was declined and disappeared by Nader Shah. This research aims at investigating the sociopolitical situation of Shushtar at the time of Vakhashtu Khan and his successors.
{"title":"The Georgian of Shushtar at the Safavid Era (10421144 AH) (16201722 AD)","authors":"Hamid Asad Pour, Masoud Vali Arab","doi":"10.62343/cjss.2020.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62343/cjss.2020.191","url":null,"abstract":"The history of Georgian's ruling of Shushtar dates back to the reign of Shah Safi. During the reign of Shah Safi, one of his outstanding servants, Vakhashtu Khan was chosen to serve as the governor of Shushtar. This person's entering into Shushtar, who had promoted from being a special servant to the Biglarbeigi position, is considered as a turning point in the development of Shushtar. Vakhushti khan and his brothers were promoted in the Safavid court because of their loyalty to this dynasty. Therefore, Vakhashtu Khan was appointed as the governor of Shushtar, and his brother, Zulfiqar Khan, was appointed as the ruler of Kandahar. They could protect Shushtar and Kandahar very well using their tact so that the Georgians ruling of Shushtar lasted for 102 years. Finally, the ruling period of this clan was declined and disappeared by Nader Shah. This research aims at investigating the sociopolitical situation of Shushtar at the time of Vakhashtu Khan and his successors.","PeriodicalId":518414,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1966, Silagadze, B. placed the death of Tamar in 1207 based on the data of Ibn al-Athir. In the same year, S. Kakabadze agreed with this date. A 1974 article by T. Natroshvili and G. Japaridze put the death of Tamar in 1210. The work of J. Odisheli followed this, also in 1974, which considered all earlier published research and sources, including numismatic material, and put the date as 1207. In 1975 Sh. Darchiashvili agreed with 1210 based on brief Armenian inscriptions, which were outlined in his research published in 2010. Research by G. Otkhmezuri (1981) was published in 1981 in which the scholar, using a different interpretation of the Gunia-Qala inscription, renders groundless the information of the first chronicler of Tamar as if Tamar granted the titles of Atabeg and Amirspasalar to Ivane Mkhargrdzeli simultaneously. Due to this fact, some researchers consider the year of the death of Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli (1212) or the next year (1213) as the date of the death of Tamar.
{"title":"The date of death of Tamar, the Georgian King of the kings","authors":"Giuli Alasania","doi":"10.62343/cjss.2020.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62343/cjss.2020.190","url":null,"abstract":"In 1966, Silagadze, B. placed the death of Tamar in 1207 based on the data of Ibn al-Athir. In the same year, S. Kakabadze agreed with this date. A 1974 article by T. Natroshvili and G. Japaridze put the death of Tamar in 1210. The work of J. Odisheli followed this, also in 1974, which considered all earlier published research and sources, including numismatic material, and put the date as 1207. In 1975 Sh. Darchiashvili agreed with 1210 based on brief Armenian inscriptions, which were outlined in his research published in 2010. Research by G. Otkhmezuri (1981) was published in 1981 in which the scholar, using a different interpretation of the Gunia-Qala inscription, renders groundless the information of the first chronicler of Tamar as if Tamar granted the titles of Atabeg and Amirspasalar to Ivane Mkhargrdzeli simultaneously. Due to this fact, some researchers consider the year of the death of Zakaria Mkhargrdzeli (1212) or the next year (1213) as the date of the death of Tamar.","PeriodicalId":518414,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As life was shaped around the sultan and the court in the Ottoman Empire, being close to the absolute authority, the shelter of honor and prestige, was a necessity. Being honored by the sultan and having his favor was a must to be the "sultan of poets". Since the biggest compliment was to be a companion of the sultan, one had to reveal all his talent and mastery in the valley of poetry. In this context, the view "talent is subject to compliment" is important. However, it should be noted that almost every poet wanted to be the companion of the sultan, not his bookkeeper. That is, poetic concern preceded political concern. The patrimonial characteristic of Ottoman poetry was the event of tide between the poet's loss of prestige and his desire for reputation. The paradox between the poet's aesthetic concern and patrimonial patronage constituted the essential point of Diwan poetry. The artist was always tested on the fine line between art and life. A pen is the only thing remaining in the shadow of art and power. Each literary period has its unique conditions and sense of art. These conditions should be considered while evaluating a literary work or artist. By his very nature, an artist has poetic and political concerns. Any one of these concerns may be prioritized depending on the characteristics of a period. They may also vary from one artist to another. In this regard, the present study compares the evaluations of Halil İnalcık and Walter G. Andrews in their works titled Şair ve Patron [Poetry and Patron] and Şiirin Sesi, Toplumun Şarkısı [Poetry's Voice, Society's Song] respectively.
由于奥斯曼帝国的生活是围绕苏丹和宫廷展开的，因此，接近绝对权威、荣誉和威望的庇护所是必要的。要成为 "诗人中的苏丹"，就必须受到苏丹的尊敬和青睐。既然成为苏丹的伴侣是最大的褒奖，那么一个人就必须在诗歌之谷展现自己的才华和造诣。在这种情况下，"才华受恭维 "的观点就显得非常重要。然而，应该注意的是，几乎所有诗人都想成为苏丹的伴侣，而不是他的簿记员。也就是说，对诗歌的关注先于对政治的关注。奥斯曼诗歌的世袭特征是诗人丧失声望与渴望声誉之间的潮汐事件。诗人的审美关怀与世袭赞助之间的矛盾构成了迪旺诗歌的基本要点。艺术家总是在艺术与生活之间的微妙界限上经受考验。在艺术与权力的阴影下，只剩下一支笔。每个文学时期都有其独特的条件和艺术感。在评价文学作品或艺术家时，应考虑这些条件。就其本质而言，艺术家具有诗意和政治关切。根据不同时期的特点，这些关注点中的任何一个都可能被置于优先地位。不同艺术家的关注点也可能不同。在这方面，本研究比较了哈利勒-伊纳尔切克和沃尔特-G-安德鲁斯分别在题为《Şair ve Patron》和《Şiirin Sesi, Toplumun Şarkısı 》（诗歌的声音，社会的歌声）的作品中的评价。
{"title":"Art and Patronage: Revisiting Ottoman Poetry From the perspective of İnalcık and Andrews","authors":"Salih Uçak","doi":"10.62343/cjss.2020.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62343/cjss.2020.193","url":null,"abstract":"As life was shaped around the sultan and the court in the Ottoman Empire, being close to the absolute authority, the shelter of honor and prestige, was a necessity. Being honored by the sultan and having his favor was a must to be the \"sultan of poets\". Since the biggest compliment was to be a companion of the sultan, one had to reveal all his talent and mastery in the valley of poetry. In this context, the view \"talent is subject to compliment\" is important. However, it should be noted that almost every poet wanted to be the companion of the sultan, not his bookkeeper. That is, poetic concern preceded political concern. The patrimonial characteristic of Ottoman poetry was the event of tide between the poet's loss of prestige and his desire for reputation. The paradox between the poet's aesthetic concern and patrimonial patronage constituted the essential point of Diwan poetry. The artist was always tested on the fine line between art and life. A pen is the only thing remaining in the shadow of art and power. Each literary period has its unique conditions and sense of art. These conditions should be considered while evaluating a literary work or artist. By his very nature, an artist has poetic and political concerns. Any one of these concerns may be prioritized depending on the characteristics of a period. They may also vary from one artist to another. In this regard, the present study compares the evaluations of Halil İnalcık and Walter G. Andrews in their works titled Şair ve Patron [Poetry and Patron] and Şiirin Sesi, Toplumun Şarkısı [Poetry's Voice, Society's Song] respectively. ","PeriodicalId":518414,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"469 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the Treaty of Mudros, a pivotal moment in the history of the weakened Ottoman Empire, Turkish nationalist forces emerged and initiat-ed a struggle for national liberation. To achieve success in this endeavor, it became imperative to establish a strategic alliance with a party that shared common interests with Turkish nationalists and was amenable to providing military assistance. In this context, amidst the conflict against imperialist forces, Soviet Russia emerged as the sole viable guarantor of survival. The Bolshevik leadership, recognizing the need for an ally in the south, perceived the Kemalist revolution as a means of propagating socialism and replacing pan-Islamist ideologies with revolutionary nationalism. This paper delves into the historical events at the onset of the national libera-tion movement in Turkey. Its primary objective is to identify the key individ-uals involved in negotiations between the Kemalist Turks and the Bolsheviks and to elucidate the dynamics of these negotiations. The study employs qual-itative research methods, particularly descriptive and historical event inter-pretation methods, to substantiate hypotheses and contextualize the alliance between the Bolsheviks and Turkish nationalists. Furthermore, this research endeavors to ascertain the negotiators’ identities through an analysis of pri-mary sources. Through a rigorous examination of historical facts and analysis, our study concludes that the alliance between the Bolsheviks and the Kemalist Turks was forged out of mutual interest. The initial meeting between Georgian Chekists and Turkish nationalists in Havza played a pivotal role in forming this alliance, which, in turn, had profound ramifications for global geopolitics and the fate of the South Caucasus.
{"title":"The Secret Diplomacy of Turkish Nationalists and The Soviets In 1919","authors":"Tea Meshvelishvili","doi":"10.62343/cjss.2023.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62343/cjss.2023.230","url":null,"abstract":"Following the Treaty of Mudros, a pivotal moment in the history of the weakened Ottoman Empire, Turkish nationalist forces emerged and initiat-ed a struggle for national liberation. To achieve success in this endeavor, it became imperative to establish a strategic alliance with a party that shared common interests with Turkish nationalists and was amenable to providing military assistance. In this context, amidst the conflict against imperialist forces, Soviet Russia emerged as the sole viable guarantor of survival. The Bolshevik leadership, recognizing the need for an ally in the south, perceived the Kemalist revolution as a means of propagating socialism and replacing pan-Islamist ideologies with revolutionary nationalism. This paper delves into the historical events at the onset of the national libera-tion movement in Turkey. Its primary objective is to identify the key individ-uals involved in negotiations between the Kemalist Turks and the Bolsheviks and to elucidate the dynamics of these negotiations. The study employs qual-itative research methods, particularly descriptive and historical event inter-pretation methods, to substantiate hypotheses and contextualize the alliance between the Bolsheviks and Turkish nationalists. Furthermore, this research endeavors to ascertain the negotiators’ identities through an analysis of pri-mary sources. Through a rigorous examination of historical facts and analysis, our study concludes that the alliance between the Bolsheviks and the Kemalist Turks was forged out of mutual interest. The initial meeting between Georgian Chekists and Turkish nationalists in Havza played a pivotal role in forming this alliance, which, in turn, had profound ramifications for global geopolitics and the fate of the South Caucasus.","PeriodicalId":518414,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the main restrictions imposed on Georgia due to the Covid-19 pandemic, especially with regard to the rights of the child. Restrictions imposed due to the pandemic have put the education system at odds, leading to significant restrictions on children’s access to primary education. The article discusses the reasons for the restriction of this right, such as the restriction of access to the Internet, lack of computers and mobile phones, and lack of proper skills of teachers, students, and parents, which affected the access to education for children. The focus is also on the steps taken by the state to ensure access to education, such as the creation of teleschool and distance learning programs, and some conclusions are presented to improve children’sparticipation in the educational process.
{"title":"Some Aspects of Accessibility of the child to Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Georgia","authors":"Magda Japharidze","doi":"10.62343/cjss.2021.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62343/cjss.2021.201","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the main restrictions imposed on Georgia due to the Covid-19 pandemic, especially with regard to the rights of the child. Restrictions imposed due to the pandemic have put the education system at odds, leading to significant restrictions on children’s access to primary education. The article discusses the reasons for the restriction of this right, such as the restriction of access to the Internet, lack of computers and mobile phones, and lack of proper skills of teachers, students, and parents, which affected the access to education for children. The focus is also on the steps taken by the state to ensure access to education, such as the creation of teleschool and distance learning programs, and some conclusions are presented to improve children’sparticipation in the educational process.","PeriodicalId":518414,"journal":{"name":"Caucasus Journal of Social Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140531561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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