This work demonstrates the first-of-a-kind real-time end-to-end 5G connectivity between a user (UE) and the base station (gNB) at terahertz (THz) frequencies. While the gNB's 5G solution is based on OpenAirInterface (OAI), the UE can either be an off-the-shelf commercial 5G mobile terminal or an OAI-based solution. In both nodes, analog THz frontend modules are used to up-convert the intermediate frequency signal into THz frequencies. Implementation details and early experimental results indicating the feasibility of sending 5G waveform at THz frequencies are presented. Such prototypes will facilitate the development of integrated access and backhaul (IAB) solutions using THz links beyond 5G and 6G networks.
{"title":"5G Over Terahertz Using OpenAirInterface","authors":"Rakesh Mundlamuri, Sherif Badran, Rajeev Gangula, Florian Kaltenberger, J. Jornet, Tommaso Melodia","doi":"10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449563","url":null,"abstract":"This work demonstrates the first-of-a-kind real-time end-to-end 5G connectivity between a user (UE) and the base station (gNB) at terahertz (THz) frequencies. While the gNB's 5G solution is based on OpenAirInterface (OAI), the UE can either be an off-the-shelf commercial 5G mobile terminal or an OAI-based solution. In both nodes, analog THz frontend modules are used to up-convert the intermediate frequency signal into THz frequencies. Implementation details and early experimental results indicating the feasibility of sending 5G waveform at THz frequencies are presented. Such prototypes will facilitate the development of integrated access and backhaul (IAB) solutions using THz links beyond 5G and 6G networks.","PeriodicalId":518960,"journal":{"name":"2024 19th Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services Conference (WONS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449602
Shadi Attarha, Anna Förster
In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), the effective operation of IoT applications heavily relies on the functionality of sensors. These sensors are prone to failures or malfunctions due to various factors, including adverse environmental conditions and aging components within sensors. To mitigate the impact of faulty sensors on system performance, notable research has focused on employing machine-learning techniques to detect faulty sensor data. In this context, due to the scarcity of real faulty data records and challenges in generating them even in controlled environments, researchers often model faulty data to create synthetic datasets containing normal and abnormal data for evaluating fault detection models. Our empirical investigation reveals that the current modeling approach to simulate faulty sensor scenarios does not adequately mirror the complexity of real-world faulty sensor behaviors. Therefore, to improve the efficacy of fault detection algorithms in practical applications, it is imperative to investigate sensor fault models further. To address this gap, we conducted a comparative analysis of existing fault models and proposed a novel composite approach for modeling faulty sensor behaviors that can more effectively capture real-world sensor behaviors. Our focus was to evaluate how different fault models impact the effectiveness of anomaly detection algorithms when tested in real-world scenarios. The evaluation included algorithms trained on synthetic datasets derived from various fault models, assessing their performance in identifying real-world faulty data. We also provide diverse labeled datasets, including normal and abnormal data collected from real-world applications.
{"title":"Sensing the Unknowns: A Study on Data-Driven Sensor Fault Modeling and Assessing its Impact on Fault Detection for Enhanced IoT Reliability","authors":"Shadi Attarha, Anna Förster","doi":"10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449602","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), the effective operation of IoT applications heavily relies on the functionality of sensors. These sensors are prone to failures or malfunctions due to various factors, including adverse environmental conditions and aging components within sensors. To mitigate the impact of faulty sensors on system performance, notable research has focused on employing machine-learning techniques to detect faulty sensor data. In this context, due to the scarcity of real faulty data records and challenges in generating them even in controlled environments, researchers often model faulty data to create synthetic datasets containing normal and abnormal data for evaluating fault detection models. Our empirical investigation reveals that the current modeling approach to simulate faulty sensor scenarios does not adequately mirror the complexity of real-world faulty sensor behaviors. Therefore, to improve the efficacy of fault detection algorithms in practical applications, it is imperative to investigate sensor fault models further. To address this gap, we conducted a comparative analysis of existing fault models and proposed a novel composite approach for modeling faulty sensor behaviors that can more effectively capture real-world sensor behaviors. Our focus was to evaluate how different fault models impact the effectiveness of anomaly detection algorithms when tested in real-world scenarios. The evaluation included algorithms trained on synthetic datasets derived from various fault models, assessing their performance in identifying real-world faulty data. We also provide diverse labeled datasets, including normal and abnormal data collected from real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":518960,"journal":{"name":"2024 19th Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services Conference (WONS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449522
Jonas Kuß, A. Köhler, Michael Neuhauser, Rene Neurauter, Johannes Gerstmayr, Jan-Thomas Fischer, Falko Dressler
The inner dynamics and transport mechanisms of avalanches - especially on a particle level - remain hidden for most observation approaches. Knowledge of these processes is essential to develop and test analytical models that describe detailed processes in snow flows or the successful simulation of avalanche velocities and runouts. In this paper, we present a particle based, distributed tracking system that is based on ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging and localization. UWB-based positioning is particularly challenging in outdoor scenarios covering large distances in complex topography and fast moving, mobile systems. Our system model considers multiple anchor nodes distributed with inter-node distances in the order of a few hundred meters. Mobile nodes, which move with the avalanche in the field, are tracked via UWB measurements. We present our prototype and demonstrate through first experiments the general feasibility of UWB-based tracking in snow environments.
{"title":"Distributed UWB-Based Ranging for Particle Tracking in Avalanches","authors":"Jonas Kuß, A. Köhler, Michael Neuhauser, Rene Neurauter, Johannes Gerstmayr, Jan-Thomas Fischer, Falko Dressler","doi":"10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449522","url":null,"abstract":"The inner dynamics and transport mechanisms of avalanches - especially on a particle level - remain hidden for most observation approaches. Knowledge of these processes is essential to develop and test analytical models that describe detailed processes in snow flows or the successful simulation of avalanche velocities and runouts. In this paper, we present a particle based, distributed tracking system that is based on ultra-wideband (UWB) ranging and localization. UWB-based positioning is particularly challenging in outdoor scenarios covering large distances in complex topography and fast moving, mobile systems. Our system model considers multiple anchor nodes distributed with inter-node distances in the order of a few hundred meters. Mobile nodes, which move with the avalanche in the field, are tracked via UWB measurements. We present our prototype and demonstrate through first experiments the general feasibility of UWB-based tracking in snow environments.","PeriodicalId":518960,"journal":{"name":"2024 19th Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services Conference (WONS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449583
Mario Franke, Christoph Sommer
Future Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGINs) involving Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are characterized by a high degree of mobility in all of the space, the air, and the ground segment - leading to high in-segment and between-segment network topology dynamics. Mobility simulation in an integrated space and ground simulation model has thus been identified as one of the key challenges of future research. In this paper we demonstrate that such an integration can be achieved by picking a point in the center of the scenario, the Satellite Observer Position (SOP), and constructing an East-North-Up (ENU) tangential plane through it to arrive at an all-Cartesian coordinate system. Its construction is well-aligned with the needs of Vehicle-to-Satellite (V2S) between-segment channel modeling without sacrificing accuracy for in-segment communication - and which lends itself well to large-scale, high-efficiency simulation of future SAGINs. We back our assumptions with a detailed study on the potential impact of loss of accuracy, demonstrating it to be negligible for most practical purposes in the target application domain. We demonstrate the potential of the presented fully-integrated approach in a small proof-of-concept simulation study where we investigate the impact of small position differences of air/ground nodes in their interplay with the space segment.
{"title":"Toward Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network Simulation with 4D Topologies","authors":"Mario Franke, Christoph Sommer","doi":"10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449583","url":null,"abstract":"Future Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGINs) involving Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are characterized by a high degree of mobility in all of the space, the air, and the ground segment - leading to high in-segment and between-segment network topology dynamics. Mobility simulation in an integrated space and ground simulation model has thus been identified as one of the key challenges of future research. In this paper we demonstrate that such an integration can be achieved by picking a point in the center of the scenario, the Satellite Observer Position (SOP), and constructing an East-North-Up (ENU) tangential plane through it to arrive at an all-Cartesian coordinate system. Its construction is well-aligned with the needs of Vehicle-to-Satellite (V2S) between-segment channel modeling without sacrificing accuracy for in-segment communication - and which lends itself well to large-scale, high-efficiency simulation of future SAGINs. We back our assumptions with a detailed study on the potential impact of loss of accuracy, demonstrating it to be negligible for most practical purposes in the target application domain. We demonstrate the potential of the presented fully-integrated approach in a small proof-of-concept simulation study where we investigate the impact of small position differences of air/ground nodes in their interplay with the space segment.","PeriodicalId":518960,"journal":{"name":"2024 19th Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services Conference (WONS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449499
Gonçalo Queirós, Paulo Correia, André Coelho, Manuel Ricardo
Over the years, mobile networks were deployed using monolithic hardware based on proprietary solutions. Recently, the concept of open Radio Access Networks (RANs), including the standards and specifications from O-RAN Alliance, has emerged. It aims at enabling open, interoperable networks based on independent virtualized components connected through open interfaces. This paves the way to collect metrics and to control the RAN components by means of software applications such as the O- RAN -specified xApps. We propose a private standalone network leveraged by a mobile RAN employing the O-RAN architecture. The mobile RAN consists of a radio node (gNB) carried by a Mobile Robotic Platform autonomously positioned to provide on-demand wireless connectivity. The proposed solution employs a novel Mobility Management xApp to collect and process metrics from the RAN, while using an original algorithm to define the placement of the mobile RAN. This allows for the improvement of the connectivity offered to the User Equipments.
多年来，移动网络一直使用基于专有解决方案的单片硬件进行部署。最近，出现了开放式无线接入网（RAN）的概念，包括 O-RAN 联盟的标准和规范。其目的是实现基于通过开放接口连接的独立虚拟化组件的开放、可互操作网络。这为收集指标和通过软件应用程序（如 O-RAN 指定的 xApps）控制 RAN 组件铺平了道路。我们建议采用 O-RAN 架构的移动 RAN 利用专用独立网络。移动 RAN 由移动机器人平台（Mobile Robotic Platform）携带的无线节点（gNB）组成，可自主定位以提供按需无线连接。建议的解决方案采用新颖的移动性管理 xApp 来收集和处理来自 RAN 的指标，同时使用一种原始算法来定义移动 RAN 的位置。这样就能改善为用户设备提供的连接。
{"title":"Autonomous Control and Positioning of a Mobile Radio Access Node Employing the O- RAN Architecture","authors":"Gonçalo Queirós, Paulo Correia, André Coelho, Manuel Ricardo","doi":"10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/WONS60642.2024.10449499","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, mobile networks were deployed using monolithic hardware based on proprietary solutions. Recently, the concept of open Radio Access Networks (RANs), including the standards and specifications from O-RAN Alliance, has emerged. It aims at enabling open, interoperable networks based on independent virtualized components connected through open interfaces. This paves the way to collect metrics and to control the RAN components by means of software applications such as the O- RAN -specified xApps. We propose a private standalone network leveraged by a mobile RAN employing the O-RAN architecture. The mobile RAN consists of a radio node (gNB) carried by a Mobile Robotic Platform autonomously positioned to provide on-demand wireless connectivity. The proposed solution employs a novel Mobility Management xApp to collect and process metrics from the RAN, while using an original algorithm to define the placement of the mobile RAN. This allows for the improvement of the connectivity offered to the User Equipments.","PeriodicalId":518960,"journal":{"name":"2024 19th Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services Conference (WONS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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