Journal of mental health & clinical psychology最新文献

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Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Nucleus Accumbens Volume and Youth Tobacco or Marijuana Use Following Stressful Life Events. 生活压力事件发生后，男性和女性青少年在 "脑干核体积 "与吸食烟草或大麻之间的关系上存在差异。

Journal of mental health & clinical psychology

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.29245/2578-2959/2024/2.1305

Shervin Assari, Payam Sheikhattari

Background: Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) can upset balance and affect the healthy brain development of children and youths. These events may influence substance use by altering brain reward systems, especially the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which plays a key role in motivated behaviors and reward processing. The interaction between sensitization to SLEs, depression, and substance use might vary between male and female youths, potentially due to differences in how each sex responds to SLEs.

Aims: This study aims to examine the effect of sex on the relationship between SLEs, Nucleus Accumbens activity, and substance use in a nationwide sample of young individuals.

Methods: We utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD), a longitudinal study of pre-adolescents aged 9-10 years, comprising 11,795 participants tracked over 36 months. Structured interviews measuring SLEs were conducted using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Initial linear regression analyses explored if SLEs could predict volumes of the right and left NAc. Subsequently, Cox regression models were used to investigate how SLEs and NAc volume might predict the initiation of tobacco and marijuana use, with the analysis stratified by sex to address potential sex differences.

Results: Our findings reveal that SLEs significantly predicted marijuana use in males but not in females, and tobacco use was influenced by SLEs in both sexes. A higher number of SLEs was linked with decreased left NAc volume in males, a trend not seen in females. The right NAc volume did not predict substance use in either sex. However, volumes of both the right and left NAc were significant predictors of future tobacco use, with varying relationships across sexes. In females, an inverse relationship was observed between both NAc volumes and the risk of tobacco use. In contrast, a positive correlation existed between the left NAc volume and tobacco and marijuana use in males, with no such relationship for females.

Conclusion: This study underscores that the associations between SLEs, NAc volume, and subsequent substance use are influenced by a nuanced interplay of sex, brain hemisphere, and substance type.

背景：暴露于压力性生活事件（SLEs）会打破平衡，影响儿童和青少年大脑的健康发育。这些事件可能会改变大脑奖赏系统，特别是在动机行为和奖赏处理中起关键作用的伏隔核（NAc），从而影响药物使用。对SLE的敏感性、抑郁和药物使用之间的相互作用在男性和女性青少年之间可能会有所不同，这可能是由于男女青少年对SLE的反应方式不同所致：我们利用了青少年脑认知发展研究（ABCD）的数据，该研究是一项针对 9-10 岁学龄前青少年的纵向研究，共有 11,795 名参与者，追踪时间长达 36 个月。我们使用情感障碍和精神分裂症 Kiddie 附表 (K-SADS) 进行了结构化访谈，以测量 SLE。最初的线性回归分析探讨了 SLE 是否能预测左右 NAc 的体积。随后，我们使用 Cox 回归模型来研究 SLEs 和 NAc 体积如何预测开始吸烟和吸食大麻的情况，并按性别进行分层分析，以解决潜在的性别差异问题：结果：我们的研究结果表明，SLE 对男性吸食大麻有明显的预测作用，但对女性则没有。男性SLE数量越多，左侧NAc体积越小，而女性则没有这种趋势。男性和女性的右侧 NAc 容量都不能预测药物使用情况。但是，右侧和左侧 NAc 的体积都能显著预测未来的烟草使用情况，而且男女之间的关系各不相同。在女性中，NAc体积与吸烟风险之间呈反向关系。相反，男性左侧 NAc 容量与吸烟和吸食大麻之间存在正相关，而女性则没有这种关系：本研究强调，系统性红斑狼疮、NAc 体积和随后的药物使用之间的关系受到性别、大脑半球和药物类型之间微妙相互作用的影响。

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