Discover psychology最新文献

The present study, a community-engaged research initiative, was specifically designed to enhance MRI accessibility and optimize the overall experience for autistic Latino young adults. Crucially, we employed a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach, ensuring that the voices and perspectives of the target community were central to every stage of inquiry. Insights were gathered from Community Scientist meetings and 18 autistic Latino young adults (ages 18-25) through focus groups with nine MRI-naïve individuals and individual interviews with a separate cohort of nine individuals who had prior MRI experience. Transcripts from these sessions underwent thematic analysis to identify key patterns related to MRI barriers and facilitators. Participants voiced initial apprehension and the challenging sensory experience of MRI noise as a primary barrier. To counter this, participants overwhelmingly desired enhanced preparation and information, specifically emphasizing the value of mock scanner simulations and readily available, in-depth explanations delivered in culturally and linguistically accessible language. A robust theme was the profound importance of human connection and unwavering support from both research staff and family members. A key motivational factor identified was the strong desire for personalized results and feedback from their MRI scans. While monetary compensation was acknowledged as a clear and effective incentive, altruism and genuine scientific curiosity also significantly drove participation. Practical suggestions for improvement included enhancing physical comfort within the scanner, providing better visual aids, and proactively addressing common logistical barriers such as transportation to the facility. This CBPR-driven research provides actionable insights to design more comfortable, transparent, and culturally responsive MRI protocols, thereby fostering greater participation of autistic adults.

There has been a proliferation in behavioral intervention development due to guidelines recommending their use for managing common, distressing, and interfering symptoms (e.g., insomnia, pain, fatigue) resulting from medical disease (e.g., cancer) and its treatment. Several models of behavioral intervention development exist (e.g., Stage Model, ORBIT). In this review, we focus on the National Institute of Health (NIH) Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development because it offers the closest analogue to the formalized drug development process. This review compares the phases of drug development to the six stages of the Stage Model for behavioral intervention development to assist investigators in understanding similarities and differences in terminology (i.e., Phase versus Stage), study designs and methods, and ultimate purpose. Distinguishing features of the NIH Stage Model for behavioral intervention development are highlighted and include: (1) a recursive and iterative flow; and (2) a focus on intervention mechanisms at every stage of development. To illustrate each stage, we refer to a program of research developing and testing a behavioral insomnia and symptom (e.g., pain, fatigue) management intervention for patients with life-threatening hematologic cancer. This illustrative example conveys the initial steps required to develop and pilot test a behavioral intervention before progressing to larger-scale efficacy and effectiveness testing. To conclude, we offer recommendations for investigators designing and testing behavioral interventions. Recommendations are first, develop a long-term research plan that begins with the end in mind, and second, ensure each step in the research plan provides sufficient information to proceed to the next stage.

The present study explored whether social support buffered associations between individual economic and non-economic chronic stressors and community disadvantage and past month substance use in middle adulthood. We analyzed survey and census tract data from a national sample of N = 1541 adults ages 40-61 (56.4% women and 31.3% men). High economic and chronic stressors and low social support were associated with high substance use, but tests of moderation did not support the buffering hypothesis. Instead, the combination of individual economic stressors and community disadvantage was linked to elevated substance use.

Background: LGBTQIA + people experience trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at higher rates than cisgender heterosexual people, in addition to experiencing minority stress. There remains a dearth of research on appropriate PTSD interventions and minority stress interventions for LGBTQIA + people. However, the scope of the literature on neither PTSD interventions nor minority stress interventions for LGBTQIA + adults has ever been reviewed. Furthermore, research on PTSD-focused and minority stress-focused interventions remains relatively siloed, despite the link between minority stress and PTSD symptoms. The proposed scoping review aims to: (1) describe the scope of the current literature, chart available data, and synthesize findings, (2) collate information on existing PTSD and minority stress interventions for LGBTQIA + adults, and (3) identify gaps in the literature and directions for future research.

Methods: Research produced since 2000 on psychological, psychotherapeutic, and behavioral interventions for PTSD, minority stress, or both within the LGBTQIA + adult population will be reviewed. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

Results: The search yielded a total of 6818 results. Following deduplication, a total of 4945 results remained. Title/abstract screening will be followed by full-text review and data coding, charting, and mapping.

Conclusions: This scoping review will be the first to describe the state of the literature and synthesize information on both PTSD and minority stress interventions for LGBTQIA + adults. Findings may also highlight promising interventions and treatment components. Information gleaned may inform future adaptations of existing interventions and development of new interventions for LGBTQIA + adults experiencing PTSD and/or minority stress.

Public significance statement: This paper discusses the planned steps for an ongoing scoping review. The scoping review will provide an overview of treatments for PTSD and for minority stress for LGBTQIA + adults.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-025-00355-2.

Latino individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face unique challenges during their transition to adulthood. This study evaluates ¡Iniciando! la Adultez, a culturally adapted behavioral health program aimed at addressing the co-occurring mental health needs of Latino young adults with ASD and their families. The program integrates culturally relevant elements to enhance engagement and effectiveness. Results indicated that the behavioral health intervention was associated with significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms, highlighting the urgent need for tailored behavioral health services in this population. Additionally, the involvement of parents in group therapy demonstrated a positive impact on both parental and young adult mental health, underscoring the importance of supporting both young adults and their caregivers during this critical transition. These findings emphasize that culturally adapted behavioral health interventions can effectively address the distinct needs of Latino young adults with ASD, ultimately contributing to improved mental health outcomes and quality of life. Given the systemic disparities faced by Latino families, this study underscores the necessity for ongoing development and evaluation of culturally informed behavioral health services to support the well-being of this underserved population, particularly as they navigate the complexities of adulthood.

Previous research has shown that perfectionism was negatively associated with the generation of original ideas in Divergent Thinking (DT) tasks, while striving for excellence was positively associated with it. However, the explanatory variables for these effects remain unclear. This study investigated the mediating roles of doubts about actions, concerns over mistakes, openness to experience, empathy, and emotions during DT tasks. Additionally, it examined an emotional DT task (i.e., naming frustrating things and things that affect one's self-esteem). From a sample of n = 282 university students, we replicated the negative association between perfectionism and DT abilities, though the effect size was smaller than in prior studies. Perfectionism correlated with lower empathy and greater primary negative emotions (e.g., fear) but similar openness to experience compared to excellencism. Mediation analyses revealed that doubts and concerns were unrelated to DT abilities. Openness to experience and empathy were positively correlated with DT abilities. Primary negative emotions during the tasks were negatively associated with the originality of answers. In contrast, positive emotions and secondary negative emotions (e.g., embarrassment) predicted more original ideas. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting excellencism over perfectionism to foster original ideas. This study has implications for overcoming barriers and supporting the creative process of individuals high on perfectionism. It also has implications for creativity researchers investigating the role of empathy and emotions in DT abilities.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-025-00330-x.

Background: Acculturation plays a crucial role in shaping the health and social outcomes of migrant populations. Despite being one of the largest labour migrant groups in Malaysia, Indonesian migrant workers' acculturation experiences remain understudied, particularly through culturally appropriate instruments. This study cross-culturally adapted and validated the Short Acculturation Scale for use among Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia.

Methods: The adaptation and validation of the Short Acculturation Scale involved expert review for content relevance and clarity, forward-backward translation by qualified translators, pilot testing with a sample of the target population, and psychometric evaluation, comprising construct validity and reliability analysis.

Results: Eight of the original 12 items demonstrated excellent content validity, and was successfully translated into Indonesian with semantic and conceptual equivalence. A total of 135 Indonesian migrant workers participated in the pilot testing. Exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure, and internal consistency across subscales was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.679-0.816; Spearman-Brown = 0.732). Test-retest reliability showed excellent stability (ICC = 0.991-1.000, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The adapted 8-item Indonesian version of the Short Acculturation Scale demonstrated acceptable construct validity and reliability, supporting its application among Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-025-00429-1.

In western countries, men are increasingly using cosmetic surgery. However, despite this trend, there remains a dearth of information on the prevalence, acceptance, and motivations behind men's use of cosmetic surgery. Furthermore, the potential association between men's use of cosmetic surgery and in particular male-specific cosmetic surgery procedures such as head hair transplant or penis enlargement and traditional masculinity ideologies (TMI) has not been investigated so far. For this purpose, a cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted among 241 self-identifying men aged 18 years or older from the German-speaking part of Europe. Participants responded to questions about cosmetic surgery use and experiences, and completed the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-Short Form (CMNI-SF) and the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF) questionnaires to assess conformity with and endorsement of TMI. Of the 241 men investigated, 47 (19.5%) had undergone cosmetic surgery. The most common types of cosmetic surgeries reported were wrinkle treatment, eyelid correction, and head-hair transplant. Penis enlargement procedures were reported by three (6.4%) of the 47 men who had undergone cosmetic surgery. The main reasons for undergoing surgery were to feel better (72.3%) and look better (55.3%), while to increase sexual success (17.0%) and to increase manliness (14.9%) were also reported. Logistic regression models showed that higher conformity to TMI (CMNI-SF) was associated with higher odds of having undergone cosmetic surgery. The results highlight the overall increase in men's cosmetic surgery use and its specific characteristics. The significant positive association between conformity to TMI and men's use of cosmetic surgery suggests that men increasingly use cosmetic surgery as a means to assert power, success, dominance, and sexual success.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-024-00230-6.

The COVID-19 pandemic presented a series of challenges to organizations. Among those that successfully continued operating, the subsequent recovery period catalyzed pressure to redefine work structure after social distancing restrictions lifted. Here, we observed the benefits of transformational leadership in this historically unique context of organizational distress by applying an adjusted version of Ashkanasy and Dorris's (Ashkanasy and Dorris in Annu Rev Organ Psych Organ Behav 4:67-90, 2017) framework for workplace emotions to a large, multi-campus university. We quantitatively content-analyzed semi-structured interviews of more than 300 divisional leaders and their staff from across the organization. Interviews occurred in the months following the first semester of continuous in-person service delivery, when most employees returned to working in employer-operated space. Despite disproportionate emphasis on negative and self-focused emotions, negative emotions clustered in individuals' empathic recognition of others' emotions; though efforts to regulate those emotions proved scant. Positive emotions primarily emerged in response to local leadership efforts to mitigate the negative emotions of students, staff, and faculty. This data pattern suggests that individuals experienced negative emotions, recognized others' negative emotions, and appreciated leaders' interventions to ameliorate those negative emotions. Strategies reminiscent of transformational leadership therefore productively addressed the negative impact of workplace stress imposed by the pandemic, helping to facilitate compliance and enthusiasm with return-to-work efforts. The findings thus illustrate how a transformational style of leadership can address individuals' negative experiences during a period of pronounced existential stress.