Pub Date : 2024-10-08eCollection Date: 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00048
Kelly L Vernon, Tipsiri Pungsrisai, Oluwasegun J Wahab, Sasha E Alden, Yaxu Zhong, Myung-Hoon Choi, Ekta Verma, Anne K Bentley, Kathleen O Bailey, Sara E Skrabalak, Xingchen Ye, Katherine A Willets, Lane A Baker
We demonstrate the application and benefit of optically transparent carbon electrodes (OTCEs) for single entity nanoelectrochemistry. OTCEs are prepared by pyrolyzing thin photoresist films on fused quartz coverslips to create conductive, transparent, thin films. Optical, electrical, topographical, and electrochemical properties of OTCEs are characterized to evaluate their suitability for single entity electrochemistry. Nanoscale electrochemical imaging of the OTCEs using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) revealed uniform electrochemical activity for reduction of the hexaammineruthenium(III) redox complex, that was comparable to Au-coated glass, and in contrast to the heterogeneity observed with commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of the prepared OTCEs for correlative SECCM-scanning electron microscopy studies of the hydrogen evolution reaction at the surface of Au nanocubes. Lastly, we demonstrate the benefit of OTCEs for optoelectrochemical experiments by optically monitoring the electrodissolution of Au nanocrystals. These results establish OTCE as a viable transparent support electrode for multimode electrochemical and optical microscopy of nanocrystals and other entities.
{"title":"Optically Transparent Carbon Electrodes for Single Entity Electrochemistry.","authors":"Kelly L Vernon, Tipsiri Pungsrisai, Oluwasegun J Wahab, Sasha E Alden, Yaxu Zhong, Myung-Hoon Choi, Ekta Verma, Anne K Bentley, Kathleen O Bailey, Sara E Skrabalak, Xingchen Ye, Katherine A Willets, Lane A Baker","doi":"10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00048","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate the application and benefit of optically transparent carbon electrodes (OTCEs) for single entity nanoelectrochemistry. OTCEs are prepared by pyrolyzing thin photoresist films on fused quartz coverslips to create conductive, transparent, thin films. Optical, electrical, topographical, and electrochemical properties of OTCEs are characterized to evaluate their suitability for single entity electrochemistry. Nanoscale electrochemical imaging of the OTCEs using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) revealed uniform electrochemical activity for reduction of the hexaammineruthenium(III) redox complex, that was comparable to Au-coated glass, and in contrast to the heterogeneity observed with commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of the prepared OTCEs for correlative SECCM-scanning electron microscopy studies of the hydrogen evolution reaction at the surface of Au nanocubes. Lastly, we demonstrate the benefit of OTCEs for optoelectrochemical experiments by optically monitoring the electrodissolution of Au nanocrystals. These results establish OTCE as a viable transparent support electrode for multimode electrochemical and optical microscopy of nanocrystals and other entities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520400,"journal":{"name":"ACS electrochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11728714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03eCollection Date: 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00014
Benjamin B Hoar, Weitong Zhang, Yuanzhou Chen, Jingwen Sun, Hongyuan Sheng, Yucheng Zhang, Yisi Chen, Jenny Y Yang, Cyrille Costentin, Quanquan Gu, Chong Liu
In electrochemical analysis, mechanism assignment is fundamental to understanding the chemistry of a system. The detection and classification of electrochemical mechanisms in cyclic voltammetry set the foundation for subsequent quantitative evaluation and practical application, but are often based on relatively subjective visual analyses. Deep-learning (DL) techniques provide an alternative, automated means that can support experimentalists in mechanism assignment. Herein, we present a custom DL architecture dubbed as EchemNet, capable of assigning both voltage windows and mechanism classes to electrochemical events within cyclic voltammograms of multiple redox events. The developed technique detects over 96% of all electrochemical events in simulated test data and shows a classification accuracy of up to 97.2% on redox events with 8 known mechanisms. This newly developed DL model, the first of its kind, proves the feasibility of redox-event detection and electrochemical mechanism classification with minimal a priori knowledge. The DL model will augment human researchers' productivity and constitute a critical component in a general-purpose autonomous electrochemistry laboratory.
{"title":"Redox-Detecting Deep Learning for Mechanism Discernment in Cyclic Voltammograms of Multiple Redox Events.","authors":"Benjamin B Hoar, Weitong Zhang, Yuanzhou Chen, Jingwen Sun, Hongyuan Sheng, Yucheng Zhang, Yisi Chen, Jenny Y Yang, Cyrille Costentin, Quanquan Gu, Chong Liu","doi":"10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00014","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In electrochemical analysis, mechanism assignment is fundamental to understanding the chemistry of a system. The detection and classification of electrochemical mechanisms in cyclic voltammetry set the foundation for subsequent quantitative evaluation and practical application, but are often based on relatively subjective visual analyses. Deep-learning (DL) techniques provide an alternative, automated means that can support experimentalists in mechanism assignment. Herein, we present a custom DL architecture dubbed as EchemNet, capable of assigning both voltage windows and mechanism classes to electrochemical events within cyclic voltammograms of multiple redox events. The developed technique detects over 96% of all electrochemical events in simulated test data and shows a classification accuracy of up to 97.2% on redox events with 8 known mechanisms. This newly developed DL model, the first of its kind, proves the feasibility of redox-event detection and electrochemical mechanism classification with minimal <i>a priori</i> knowledge. The DL model will augment human researchers' productivity and constitute a critical component in a general-purpose autonomous electrochemistry laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":520400,"journal":{"name":"ACS electrochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"52-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11728721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03eCollection Date: 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00040
Hansaem Jang, Adrian M Gardner, Lucy J Walters, Alex R Neale, Laurence J Hardwick, Alexander J Cowan
Carbon dioxide electroreduction does not occur on Au when metal cations are absent from the electrode surfaces. Here we show that the electroreduction can be enabled without metal cations, albeit with low efficiency, by the presence of cationic surfactants on Au. The findings demonstrate that in addition to possibly stabilizing CO2 reduction intermediates the presence of surfactants plays a role in suppressing the competing reactions. At potentials negative of a critical potential, a cationic surfactant adsorbs onto the electrode surface, displacing interfacial water molecules, hampering the access of proton donors to the electrode surface and inhibiting hydrogen evolution during electrolysis.
{"title":"The Role of Surfactant in Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction in the Absence of Metal Cations.","authors":"Hansaem Jang, Adrian M Gardner, Lucy J Walters, Alex R Neale, Laurence J Hardwick, Alexander J Cowan","doi":"10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00040","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dioxide electroreduction does not occur on Au when metal cations are absent from the electrode surfaces. Here we show that the electroreduction can be enabled without metal cations, albeit with low efficiency, by the presence of cationic surfactants on Au. The findings demonstrate that in addition to possibly stabilizing CO<sub>2</sub> reduction intermediates the presence of surfactants plays a role in suppressing the competing reactions. At potentials negative of a critical potential, a cationic surfactant adsorbs onto the electrode surface, displacing interfacial water molecules, hampering the access of proton donors to the electrode surface and inhibiting hydrogen evolution during electrolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520400,"journal":{"name":"ACS electrochemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11728718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}