Katherine McNamara Manning, Kayla I Perry, Christie A. Bahlai
Natural thin-soil environments are those which have little to no soil accumulation atop hard substrates. Many of these natural thin-soil environments, such as alvars, rocky lakeshores or glades, cliffs and cliff bluffs, and barrens, are found in the Great Lakes Region of North America. Due to their ubiquity and ecosystem services they provide, characterizing insects in sensitive environments such as these is important. This study monitored insects in nine thin-soil sites, within three regions, on a 630 km latitudinal gradient in the Southeastern Great Lakes Region of North America from June - August 2019. Over 22,000 insect specimens collected were identified to order or family, and bee specimens were identified to genus or species. We found that overall insect community composition and biodiversity characteristics were similar between the three regions examined. However, the central region had higher taxonomic richness than the southern region. Although unique bee taxa were observed in each region, diversity metrics and community composition of bees were similar among sites. This study provides taxonomic information about the insect, particularly bees, and plant communities in thin-soil environments in this region, which could support conservation and management efforts.
{"title":"Characterizing insect communities within thin-soil environments","authors":"Katherine McNamara Manning, Kayla I Perry, Christie A. Bahlai","doi":"10.22543/0090-0222.2431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.2431","url":null,"abstract":"Natural thin-soil environments are those which have little to no soil accumulation atop hard substrates. Many of these natural thin-soil environments, such as alvars, rocky lakeshores or glades, cliffs and cliff bluffs, and barrens, are found in the Great Lakes Region of North America. Due to their ubiquity and ecosystem services they provide, characterizing insects in sensitive environments such as these is important. This study monitored insects in nine thin-soil sites, within three regions, on a 630 km latitudinal gradient in the Southeastern Great Lakes Region of North America from June - August 2019. Over 22,000 insect specimens collected were identified to order or family, and bee specimens were identified to genus or species. We found that overall insect community composition and biodiversity characteristics were similar between the three regions examined. However, the central region had higher taxonomic richness than the southern region. Although unique bee taxa were observed in each region, diversity metrics and community composition of bees were similar among sites. This study provides taxonomic information about the insect, particularly bees, and plant communities in thin-soil environments in this region, which could support conservation and management efforts.","PeriodicalId":53569,"journal":{"name":"Great Lakes Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135452063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wim van Herk, Regine Gries, Jocelyn Smith, Ian Scott, Gerhard Gries
Recently, (E)-4-ethyloct-4-enoic acid (limoniic acid) has been reported as the major sex attractant pheromone component of L. canus and L. californicus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in western North America. Our objective was to determine whether limoniic acid is also a sex attractant pheromone component of the eastern field wireworm, Limonius agonus (Say). In gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of headspace volatiles from L. agonus females, antennae from male L. agonus responded to limoniic acid as a trace component. In field experiments, traps baited with synthetic limoniic acid, or its analog (E)-5-ethyloct-4-enoic acid, afforded captures of male L. agonus 3.6- to 8.9-times greater than unbaited control traps. In long-term field trapping studies, emergence and captures of L. agonus males fluctuated with temperature for more than 5 weeks, with distinctively different emergence patterns at the two study sites. Compared to previous studies with L. canus and L. californicus, limoniic acid as a trap lure afforded relatively low captures of L. agonus males, suggesting that L. agonus populations were low or that other L. agonus pheromone components are yet to be identified.
{"title":"Limoniic acid is a sex attractant pheromone component of Limonius agonus (Coleoptera: Elateridae)","authors":"Wim van Herk, Regine Gries, Jocelyn Smith, Ian Scott, Gerhard Gries","doi":"10.22543/0090-0222.2444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.2444","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, (E)-4-ethyloct-4-enoic acid (limoniic acid) has been reported as the major sex attractant pheromone component of L. canus and L. californicus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in western North America. Our objective was to determine whether limoniic acid is also a sex attractant pheromone component of the eastern field wireworm, Limonius agonus (Say). In gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of headspace volatiles from L. agonus females, antennae from male L. agonus responded to limoniic acid as a trace component. In field experiments, traps baited with synthetic limoniic acid, or its analog (E)-5-ethyloct-4-enoic acid, afforded captures of male L. agonus 3.6- to 8.9-times greater than unbaited control traps. In long-term field trapping studies, emergence and captures of L. agonus males fluctuated with temperature for more than 5 weeks, with distinctively different emergence patterns at the two study sites. Compared to previous studies with L. canus and L. californicus, limoniic acid as a trap lure afforded relatively low captures of L. agonus males, suggesting that L. agonus populations were low or that other L. agonus pheromone components are yet to be identified.","PeriodicalId":53569,"journal":{"name":"Great Lakes Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135451161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone G Traband, Hailey N Shanovich, John C. Luhman, Brian Aukema
The European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a native insect to North America that causes significant damage to a large variety of fruit and ornamental trees worldwide. Here we provide a summary of the insect’s worldwide distribution and synopsis of all the Hymenopteran parasitoid wasps found to parasitize P. corni in North America from past literature. Additionally, a preliminary parasitoid survey of P. corni was carried out in two hybrid hazel (Corylus avellana × C. americana) plantings as hazelnuts represent a potential new crop for the region. European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), were collected over two sample days in July 2022 from two hybrid hazelnut plantings and their parasitoid fauna recorded. Parasitism rates of P. corni were estimated for hymenopterous parasitoids as well as the entomophagous fungus Ophiocordyceps clavulata (Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae). Hymenopterous parasitoids were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Relationships between parasitism rates (a binomial response) and P. corni density (the predictor variable) were analyzed using binomial generalized linear models. Parthenolecanium corni experienced high parasitism rates: 24.0% by hymenopteran parasitoids, and 63.4% by entomophagous fungi, giving a combined parasitism rate of 87.4%. Wasp and fungal parasitism exhibited contrasting density-dependent relationships. Plants with higher densities of scales experienced lower parasitism rates from hymenopteran parasitoids, but higher scale densities experienced higher parasitism rates from O. clavulata. Further research is needed over the whole adult female life stage of P. corni to learn more about these ecological relationships that could be of great benefit to hybrid hazelnut growers if P. corni becomes a significant pest.
欧洲的瓢虫(Parthenolecanium corni (bouch))(半翅目:瓢虫科)是北美的一种原生昆虫，对世界各地的各种水果和观赏树木造成重大损害。本文总结了该昆虫在世界范围内的分布情况，并从以往文献中对所有在北美发现的寄生于大角蜂的膜翅目拟寄生蜂进行了概述。此外，由于榛子是该地区潜在的新作物，因此对两种杂交榛子(Corylus avellana × C. americana)进行了初步的寄生蜂调查。对2022年7月在两处杂交榛子种植中采集到的欧洲果寄生菌Parthenolecanium corni (bouch)(半翅目:瓢虫科)进行了记录。对膜翅类寄生蜂和食虫真菌蛇虫草的寄生率进行了估计(子囊菌目:下creales:蛇虫草科)。膜翅类寄生蜂被鉴定到最低的分类水平。采用二项广义线性模型分析了寄主率(二项反应)与玉米粉虱密度(预测变量)之间的关系。寄生蜂被膜翅类寄生蜂寄生24.0%，被食虫真菌寄生63.4%，寄生蜂的寄生率为87.4%。寄生蜂和真菌的寄生性表现出不同的密度依赖关系。鳞片密度越大，膜翅类寄生蜂的寄生率越低，鳞片密度越大，寄生蜂的寄生率越高。需要对玉米粉虱的整个成年雌性生命阶段进行进一步的研究，以了解更多的这些生态关系，如果玉米粉虱成为一个重要的害虫，可能对杂交榛子种植者有很大的好处。
{"title":"Synopsis of biological control for European fruit lecanium (Parthenolecanium corni) by parasitoids in North America and preliminary findings in hybrid hazelnut orchards","authors":"Simone G Traband, Hailey N Shanovich, John C. Luhman, Brian Aukema","doi":"10.22543/0090-0222.2449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.2449","url":null,"abstract":"The European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is a native insect to North America that causes significant damage to a large variety of fruit and ornamental trees worldwide. Here we provide a summary of the insect’s worldwide distribution and synopsis of all the Hymenopteran parasitoid wasps found to parasitize P. corni in North America from past literature. Additionally, a preliminary parasitoid survey of P. corni was carried out in two hybrid hazel (Corylus avellana × C. americana) plantings as hazelnuts represent a potential new crop for the region. European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), were collected over two sample days in July 2022 from two hybrid hazelnut plantings and their parasitoid fauna recorded. Parasitism rates of P. corni were estimated for hymenopterous parasitoids as well as the entomophagous fungus Ophiocordyceps clavulata (Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae). Hymenopterous parasitoids were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Relationships between parasitism rates (a binomial response) and P. corni density (the predictor variable) were analyzed using binomial generalized linear models. Parthenolecanium corni experienced high parasitism rates: 24.0% by hymenopteran parasitoids, and 63.4% by entomophagous fungi, giving a combined parasitism rate of 87.4%. Wasp and fungal parasitism exhibited contrasting density-dependent relationships. Plants with higher densities of scales experienced lower parasitism rates from hymenopteran parasitoids, but higher scale densities experienced higher parasitism rates from O. clavulata. Further research is needed over the whole adult female life stage of P. corni to learn more about these ecological relationships that could be of great benefit to hybrid hazelnut growers if P. corni becomes a significant pest.","PeriodicalId":53569,"journal":{"name":"Great Lakes Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135451162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian J Pekarcik, Matthew O Lorentz, C. Scott Clem, Amy L Raudenbush, David W Held, Kelley J Tilmon
The Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera formosae (Brenske) (syn. M. castanea [Arrow]), is an annual white grub species that was unintentionally introduced from east Asia to North America in 1921 in New Jersey, and has since spread to at least 25 states and two Canadian provinces. Grub populations in the Great Lakes region have recently emerged as significant early-season pests of field crops, particularly field corn, grown in sandy soils. Asiatic garden beetle has also recently become established in other regions including Alabama. Prior research on this species was conducted mainly in the 1930s in horticultural and turfgrass systems of New York and New Jersey. In this study, we document Asiatic garden beetle preference and performance on previously un-investigated food resources, in populations from Ohio and Alabama. The objectives of these experiments were to a) understand if grubs show preference to potential diet choices present in a typical Ohio corn-soybean rotation, and gained mass when provided a single diet, and b) to conduct a preliminary assessment on the development, survival, and fecundity of field-collected beetles on different diets present in suburban Alabama. In general, grubs were more likely to be found at corn and marestail and they significantly increased in body mass when subjected to those diets. However, they were also able to survive and gain mass when provided soybean, crop residues or bare soil. Adults consumed more rose flower petals than floral tissue of white clover and Queen Anne’s lace. In no-choice trials, only females that were fed a diet of rose petals laid eggs, and diet consumption rates were similar among males and females. These findings provide insight into the feeding behaviors of Asiatic garden beetle grubs and adults collected from novel environments.
亚洲花园甲虫，Maladera formosae (Brenske) (syn. M. castanea [Arrow])，是一种一年生的白色蛴螬物种，于1921年在新泽西州无意中从东亚引入北美，并已传播到至少25个州和加拿大的两个省。最近，五大湖地区的蛴螬种群已成为沙质土壤中大田作物，特别是大田玉米的重要早期害虫。亚洲花园甲虫最近也在包括阿拉巴马州在内的其他地区定居下来。先前的研究主要是在20世纪30年代在纽约和新泽西的园艺和草坪系统中进行的。在这项研究中，我们记录了亚洲花园甲虫对以前未调查的食物资源的偏好和表现，在俄亥俄州和阿拉巴马州的种群中。这些实验的目的是:a)了解蛴螬是否对典型的俄亥俄州玉米-大豆轮作中存在的潜在饮食选择表现出偏好，并在提供单一饮食时增加体重;b)对阿拉巴马州郊区不同饮食下野外采集的甲虫的发育、生存和繁殖力进行初步评估。总的来说，幼虫更有可能出现在玉米和马蹄铁上，当它们吃这些食物时，它们的体重会显著增加。然而，当提供大豆、作物残余物或光秃秃的土壤时，它们也能存活并增加体重。成年人消耗的玫瑰花瓣比白三叶草和安妮女王花边的花组织要多。在无选择试验中，只有喂食玫瑰花瓣的雌性产卵，并且雄性和雌性的饮食消耗率相似。这些发现为了解在新环境中采集的亚洲园甲虫幼虫和成虫的摄食行为提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Preliminary Feeding Assessments for Asiatic Garden Beetle, Maladera formosae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Grubs and Adults","authors":"Adrian J Pekarcik, Matthew O Lorentz, C. Scott Clem, Amy L Raudenbush, David W Held, Kelley J Tilmon","doi":"10.22543/0090-0222.2416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.2416","url":null,"abstract":"The Asiatic garden beetle, Maladera formosae (Brenske) (syn. M. castanea [Arrow]), is an annual white grub species that was unintentionally introduced from east Asia to North America in 1921 in New Jersey, and has since spread to at least 25 states and two Canadian provinces. Grub populations in the Great Lakes region have recently emerged as significant early-season pests of field crops, particularly field corn, grown in sandy soils. Asiatic garden beetle has also recently become established in other regions including Alabama. Prior research on this species was conducted mainly in the 1930s in horticultural and turfgrass systems of New York and New Jersey. In this study, we document Asiatic garden beetle preference and performance on previously un-investigated food resources, in populations from Ohio and Alabama. The objectives of these experiments were to a) understand if grubs show preference to potential diet choices present in a typical Ohio corn-soybean rotation, and gained mass when provided a single diet, and b) to conduct a preliminary assessment on the development, survival, and fecundity of field-collected beetles on different diets present in suburban Alabama. In general, grubs were more likely to be found at corn and marestail and they significantly increased in body mass when subjected to those diets. However, they were also able to survive and gain mass when provided soybean, crop residues or bare soil. Adults consumed more rose flower petals than floral tissue of white clover and Queen Anne’s lace. In no-choice trials, only females that were fed a diet of rose petals laid eggs, and diet consumption rates were similar among males and females. These findings provide insight into the feeding behaviors of Asiatic garden beetle grubs and adults collected from novel environments.","PeriodicalId":53569,"journal":{"name":"Great Lakes Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135827214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Annotated Checklist of the Aradidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) or \"Flat Bugs\" of Iowa","authors":"Edwin Freese, Stephen W. Chordas","doi":"10.22543/0090-0222.2432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22543/0090-0222.2432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53569,"journal":{"name":"Great Lakes Entomologist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135827213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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