Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1003
Iêda Maria Novaes Ilha, José Ragusa-Netto
Seedeaters (Sporophila spp.) comprise a rich Neotropical bird group of seed consumers common in open habitats. In this study, we documented the feeding habits of seedeaters and seed production at a Tecoma savanna (dominated by Tabebuia aurea) in southern Pantanal, Brazil. We also analyzed the relationship between seed offer (abundance, richness, and diversity) and the number of seedeaters foraging across seasons. Six species (Sporophila angolensis, S. caerulescens, S. collaris S. hypoxantha, S.leucoptera, and S. lineola) occurred in the savanna, mainly in the height of the wet season, when seed production increased abruptly, attracting seedeaters. Seedeaters used 14 of 16 grass species that produced seeds. Indeed, the number of foraging seedeaters paralleled the abundance and diversity of seeds, and the number of species consumed. During much of the dry season, when seeds were not produced, the few remaining seedeaters mostly consumed arthropods and flowers. The diet of seedeaters ranged from mostly seeds (S. angolensis) to a moderate proportion of flowers and arthropods (S. leucoptera). The offer of a rich set of seeds attractive to seedeaters indicates that the Tecoma savanna is a seasonally important habitat for these birds. Of concern, large areas of native grasses in the Pantanal have recently been transformed into exotic pastures, and extensive fires have become common. Thus, conservation of this singular area is important for seedeaters, which move over wide areas searching for an abundant and diverse seed supply.
{"title":"SEEDEATERS AND SEEDS AT A TECOMA SAVANNA IN THE SOUTHERN PANTANAL, BRAZIL","authors":"Iêda Maria Novaes Ilha, José Ragusa-Netto","doi":"10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1003","url":null,"abstract":"Seedeaters (Sporophila spp.) comprise a rich Neotropical bird group of seed consumers common in open habitats. In this study, we documented the feeding habits of seedeaters and seed production at a Tecoma savanna (dominated by Tabebuia aurea) in southern Pantanal, Brazil. We also analyzed the relationship between seed offer (abundance, richness, and diversity) and the number of seedeaters foraging across seasons. Six species (Sporophila angolensis, S. caerulescens, S. collaris S. hypoxantha, S.leucoptera, and S. lineola) occurred in the savanna, mainly in the height of the wet season, when seed production increased abruptly, attracting seedeaters. Seedeaters used 14 of 16 grass species that produced seeds. Indeed, the number of foraging seedeaters paralleled the abundance and diversity of seeds, and the number of species consumed. During much of the dry season, when seeds were not produced, the few remaining seedeaters mostly consumed arthropods and flowers. The diet of seedeaters ranged from mostly seeds (S. angolensis) to a moderate proportion of flowers and arthropods (S. leucoptera). The offer of a rich set of seeds attractive to seedeaters indicates that the Tecoma savanna is a seasonally important habitat for these birds. Of concern, large areas of native grasses in the Pantanal have recently been transformed into exotic pastures, and extensive fires have become common. Thus, conservation of this singular area is important for seedeaters, which move over wide areas searching for an abundant and diverse seed supply.","PeriodicalId":54663,"journal":{"name":"Ornitologia Neotropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1205
Carlos Bosque
Reverse mounting, females mounting males, is a widespread but uncommonly reported behaviour among birds. Although its function is not fully understood, it is generally accepted that reverse mounting is an integral part of courtship during pair bonding and mating. It has been reported in species of at least 10 orders, but only among three species of columbids previously. Here, I report a casual observation of reverse mounting by two individuals of Spot-winged Pigeons Patagioenas maculosa in the vicinity of the city of Córdaba, Argentina. Components of the display observed in the copulatory sequence of the pair, are frequent in the repertoire of displays during mating and courtship of columbids; yet, reverse mounting is seldom described. These observations support and extend the occurrence of reverse mounting in pigeons.
{"title":"AN OBSERVATION OF REVERSE MOUNTING BY THE SPOT-WINGED PIGEON PATAGIOENAS MACULOSA","authors":"Carlos Bosque","doi":"10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1205","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse mounting, females mounting males, is a widespread but uncommonly reported behaviour among birds. Although its function is not fully understood, it is generally accepted that reverse mounting is an integral part of courtship during pair bonding and mating. It has been reported in species of at least 10 orders, but only among three species of columbids previously. Here, I report a casual observation of reverse mounting by two individuals of Spot-winged Pigeons Patagioenas maculosa in the vicinity of the city of Córdaba, Argentina. Components of the display observed in the copulatory sequence of the pair, are frequent in the repertoire of displays during mating and courtship of columbids; yet, reverse mounting is seldom described. These observations support and extend the occurrence of reverse mounting in pigeons.","PeriodicalId":54663,"journal":{"name":"Ornitologia Neotropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sexing monomorphic birds is essential for reproduction in conservation programs. In ramphastids (toucans) species, males have longer beaks than females, making beak morphometry potentially useful for sexing. In this study, we measured the following traits: curved beak length, total culmen length, straight beak length, curved and straight length of the ventral line of the gnathotheca, beak width, lateral area of the rhinotheca, and cloacal opening in 44 Keel-billed Toucans, as well as previously reported morphometric data from 17 additional individuals. Measurements were obtained using two methods (manual and image processing software), and the reliability between the two methods was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Individuals of unknown sex were sexed via PCR tests. The ICC showed poor reliability between the two measurement methods, so we only used manual measurements for comparisons between the sexes. We used GLMMs to determine whether the morphometric traits we measured could be used to determine sex in keel-billed toucans. In addition, we evaluated GLMMs to determine which morphometric trait was the strongest predictor of sex in this species. Beak length was longer in adult males than in females. The GLMMs indicated that beak traits associated with sex in this species are beak curved length, beak straight length, straight length of the ventral line of the gnathotheca, and total culmen length. The straight length of the ventral line of the gnathotheca was the strongest predictor of sex in the Keel-billed Toucan. Unlike previous research, the development of GLMMs allows us to determine the probability of a toucan’s sex based on continuous variables, facilitating sexing and allowing us to evaluate the reliability of the estimation of the sexing of each toucan. This method is an alternative for situations where other sexing methodologies cannot be performed.
{"title":"MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SEX IN THE KEEL-BILLED TOUCAN RAMPHASTOS SULFURATUS","authors":"Danielle Erin Leeman Suástegui, Ubaldo Márquez-Luna, Carlos Vásquez, Blanca Valladares Riverol, Josué Garduño Ruiz, Annuar Majluf Trejo","doi":"10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1233","url":null,"abstract":"Sexing monomorphic birds is essential for reproduction in conservation programs. In ramphastids (toucans) species, males have longer beaks than females, making beak morphometry potentially useful for sexing. In this study, we measured the following traits: curved beak length, total culmen length, straight beak length, curved and straight length of the ventral line of the gnathotheca, beak width, lateral area of the rhinotheca, and cloacal opening in 44 Keel-billed Toucans, as well as previously reported morphometric data from 17 additional individuals. Measurements were obtained using two methods (manual and image processing software), and the reliability between the two methods was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Individuals of unknown sex were sexed via PCR tests. The ICC showed poor reliability between the two measurement methods, so we only used manual measurements for comparisons between the sexes. We used GLMMs to determine whether the morphometric traits we measured could be used to determine sex in keel-billed toucans. In addition, we evaluated GLMMs to determine which morphometric trait was the strongest predictor of sex in this species. Beak length was longer in adult males than in females. The GLMMs indicated that beak traits associated with sex in this species are beak curved length, beak straight length, straight length of the ventral line of the gnathotheca, and total culmen length. The straight length of the ventral line of the gnathotheca was the strongest predictor of sex in the Keel-billed Toucan. Unlike previous research, the development of GLMMs allows us to determine the probability of a toucan’s sex based on continuous variables, facilitating sexing and allowing us to evaluate the reliability of the estimation of the sexing of each toucan. This method is an alternative for situations where other sexing methodologies cannot be performed.","PeriodicalId":54663,"journal":{"name":"Ornitologia Neotropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136348007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1181
Juan F Freile, Heike Brieschke
The Club-winged Manakin Machaeropterus deliciosus is an iconic Pipridae species due to its display behavior, including unique mechanical sounds produced by vibrating modified wing feathers. However, its nesting biology remains poorly known. We present a detailed description of one nest studied in northwest Ecuador in June–July 2021. We provide new information on incubation and maternal care. The nest was a low cup/fork sited on three forks, covered with moss, built 90 cm above the ground and at 50 m distance from a lekking site. The female had high nest attentiveness during the incubation period but decreased markedly in the first nine days post-hatching. The nest produced two juveniles that fledged 16 days after hatching. The breeding biology of this species remains poorly studied, so we recommend further research, including protracted monitoring of nests to understand important aspects of M. deliciosus breeding biology, including incubation period, attendance rates, and nesting success.
{"title":"A NEST OF CLUB-WINGED MANAKIN MACHAEROPTERUS DELICIOSUS IN NORTHWEST ECUADOR","authors":"Juan F Freile, Heike Brieschke","doi":"10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v34i2.1181","url":null,"abstract":"The Club-winged Manakin Machaeropterus deliciosus is an iconic Pipridae species due to its display behavior, including unique mechanical sounds produced by vibrating modified wing feathers. However, its nesting biology remains poorly known. We present a detailed description of one nest studied in northwest Ecuador in June–July 2021. We provide new information on incubation and maternal care. The nest was a low cup/fork sited on three forks, covered with moss, built 90 cm above the ground and at 50 m distance from a lekking site. The female had high nest attentiveness during the incubation period but decreased markedly in the first nine days post-hatching. The nest produced two juveniles that fledged 16 days after hatching. The breeding biology of this species remains poorly studied, so we recommend further research, including protracted monitoring of nests to understand important aspects of M. deliciosus breeding biology, including incubation period, attendance rates, and nesting success.","PeriodicalId":54663,"journal":{"name":"Ornitologia Neotropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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