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Elasmobranch assemblages from a bathyal environment spanning the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in Austria 奥地利跨越白垩纪-古近纪界线的水深环境中的箭亚纲动物群落
IF 1.7 4区 地球科学 Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2024.0001
I. Feichtinger, J. Pollerspöck, Mathias Harzhauser, Gerald Auer, M. Kranner, G. Guinot
Extensive bulk-sampling of the continuous Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary section at Gams (Styria, Austria) allows for the first time the description of the elasmobranch communities inhabiting the bathyal environment of this well-known section. The sampled succession comprises six horizons from the uppermost Maastrichtian (upper part of Nephrolites frequens Zone CC26) and five horizons from the lowermost Danian (Zone NP1), which yielded a total of 1852 elasmobranch teeth. Although the majority of the teeth are not well preserved, this study enabled the description of at least 16 taxa of the orders Hexanchiformes, Squaliformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes and Carcharhiniformes, providing a rare snapshot of elasmobranch diversity of this specific environmental setting. Beside minor diversity fluctuations between the assemblages, the extensive bulk-sampling of this section did not reveal a marked diversity decline related to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event. However, a noteworthy correlation between the deepening upward trend of the section with the appearance of frilled and goblin sharks points to changes in palaeobathymetry, which is also reflected in the increase of the total proportion of squaliform teeth in the uppermost sampled horizon. Furthermore, teeth of the extinct triakid Palaeogaleus were recovered exclusively from the Danian deeper deposits, expanding the palaeoecological range of the genus down to fairly deep marine environments. In addition, this study provides the first record of the lamniform Cretolamna ex gr. borealis from the Danian of the Tethyan Realm expanding the palaeogeographic distribution of this group.
对加姆斯(奥地利施蒂里亚州)白垩纪-古近纪连续边界断面进行了大量取样,首次描述了这一著名断面水深环境中的伶支动物群落。取样的演替包括来自最上层马斯特里赫特期(Nephrolites frequens 上部的 CC26 区)的六个地层和来自最下层但尼尔期(NP1 区)的五个地层,共发现了 1852 枚鞘鳃类牙齿。虽然大部分牙齿保存不全,但这项研究描述了至少 16 个分类群,包括六形目、鱿形目、直齿目、榄形目和箭形目,为这一特定环境中的箭形目多样性提供了难得的快照。除了各组合之间的微小多样性波动外,对该剖面的大量取样并未发现与白垩纪末大灭绝事件有关的明显的多样性下降。不过,值得注意的是,该剖面向上加深的趋势与流苏鲨和麒麟鲨的出现之间存在关联,这表明古生物测定发生了变化,这也反映在最上层取样地层中鳞状牙齿总比例的增加上。此外,已灭绝的三足鲨 Palaeogaleus 的牙齿仅在达尼安深层沉积中发现,从而将该属的古生态范围扩大到相当深的海洋环境。此外,该研究还首次记录了特提安海域大尼安河流域的薄片形动物 Cretolamna ex gr. borealis,扩大了该类动物的古地理分布范围。
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引用次数: 0
A thermo-mechanical model of the thermal evolution and incorporation of metamorphic soles in Tethyan ophiolites: a case study from Oman 四叠纪蛇绿岩热演化和变质溶岩融入的热力学模型:阿曼案例研究
IF 1.7 4区 地球科学 Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2024.0002
Iskander Ibragimov, Daniel Kiss, E. Moulas
Ophiolites are remnants of oceanic crust and mantle, now typically found within continental mountain ranges like the Alps. Particularly in areas once part of the Tethys Ocean, ophiolites are often accompanied by narrow stripes of metamorphic rocks, commonly referred to as metamorphic soles. These metamorphic soles typically exhibit peak metamorphic conditions characteristic of either granulite or amphibolite facies. Geochronological studies of Tethyan ophiolites indicate that the development of these metamorphic soles occurred almost simultaneously with the crystallization of the ophiolite’s crustal sequence. Geological evidence also suggests that the metamorphism of the sole rocks took place concurrently with deformation, likely at the same time as the ophiolite’s obduction. In our research, we explore the metamorphic effects of shearing in an ophiolite sequence overlying a crustal sequence. Our findings reveal that strong lithologies like ophiolites can produce additional heat through the dissipation of mechanical energy, which can potentially explain the high temperatures found in metamorphic-sole rocks. In addition, heating-driven softening of the footwall rocks eventually leads to the migration of the active shear zone from the mantle sequence into the upper crustal domain. This migration may be responsible for the metamorphic sole incorporation at the base of the ophiolite. Finally, we demonstrate that stopping the shearing process rapidly cools these rocks, corresponding with the findings from thermochronological studies from Oman ophiolite.
蛇绿岩是大洋地壳和地幔的残留物,现在通常出现在阿尔卑斯山等大陆山脉中。特别是在曾经属于特提斯洋的地区,蛇绿岩往往伴有变质岩的狭长条纹,通常被称为变质岩底。这些变质岩通常表现出花岗岩或闪长岩面的峰值变质条件。对哲罗纪蛇绿混杂岩的地质年代研究表明,这些变质溶岩的发育几乎与蛇绿混杂岩地壳序列的结晶同时发生。地质学证据还表明,底岩的变质与变形同时发生,很可能与蛇绿岩的俯冲同时发生。在我们的研究中,我们探讨了覆盖在地壳序列之上的蛇绿混杂岩序列中剪切作用的变质效应。我们的研究结果表明,像蛇绿混杂岩这样的强岩性可以通过机械能的耗散产生额外的热量,这有可能解释变质底岩中的高温。此外,加热驱动的岩脚软化最终导致活动剪切带从地幔序列迁移到上地壳域。这种迁移可能是蛇绿混杂在蛇绿混杂岩底部的原因。最后,我们证明了剪切过程的停止会使这些岩石迅速冷却,这与阿曼蛇绿岩的热时学研究结果是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Natrochalcite NaCu2(SO4)2∙H3O2 from the Lavrion Mining District – a brief characterisation 拉夫里翁矿区的钠长石 NaCu2(SO4)2∙H3O2 - 简要特征描述
IF 1.7 4区 地球科学 Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2024.0004
Gerald Giester, B. Rieck
Recently, samples of natrochalcite, NaCu2(SO4)2∙H3O2, were discovered from the Esperanza Mine, Lavrion Mining District, Greece. In the present study this material is characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction at ambient and LT conditions. Natrochalcite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, with a = 8.809(2), b = 6.196(1), c = 7.504(2) Å, β = 118.56(3)°, V = 359.7(1) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0195 at room temperature. No symmetry change was observed down to 100K.
最近,从希腊拉夫里翁矿区的埃斯佩兰萨矿发现了钠钙矾石(NaCu2(SO4)2∙H3O2)样品。本研究采用单晶 X 射线衍射法对这种材料进行了环境和低温条件下的特征描述。钠钙石为单斜晶体,空间群为 C2/m,室温下 a = 8.809(2),b = 6.196(1),c = 7.504(2)埃,β = 118.56(3)°,V = 359.7(1) Å3,Z = 2,R1 = 0.0195。在低至 100K 的温度下,对称性没有发生变化。
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引用次数: 0
Topaz-bearing Lower Ordovician orthogneiss within the Ostrong Nappe System – The Laimbach Orthogneiss (Bohemian Massif, Lower Austria) 奥斯特龙脉系中含黄玉的下奥陶统正长片麻岩--莱姆巴赫正长片麻岩(下奥地利波希米亚山丘)
IF 1.7 4区 地球科学 Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2024.0003
Annika Geringer, C. Iglseder, Urs Klötzli, Bernhard Grasemann, Jiří Sláma
In the 1980s, large parts of the Bohemian Massif in Austria were explored for the occurrence of raw materials (Göd, 1988), and a trace content of topaz was discovered in channels draining the eastern slope of the Ostrong (Lower Austria). Orthogneiss bodies in the Ostrong Nappe System are shown to be the source of these topaz occurrences, and Raman spectroscopy indicates that topaz is fluorine rich. So far, this is the only occurrence of topaz-bearing orthogneiss within the entire Moldanubian Superunit. The orthogneiss shows a tectonic overprint and exhibits a weak to well-developed foliation, as well as local folding. Samples taken near the tectonic boundary of the Ostrong to the Drosendorf Nappe Systems show stronger shear deformation with a pronounced mylonitic foliation and stretching lineation. Detailed geo-chemical investigations of the major and trace elements indicate a classification as S-type granite with a high degree of differentiation and a peraluminous character. The orthogneiss has a high SiO2 content of 72.8–77.3 wt%, as well as a noteworthy high fluorine content of up to 2760 ppm. Mineral compositions show zoned plagioclase with an albite component of about 87–99 mol%, increasing towards the grain margin. Garnet occurs rarely, but consistently in those samples near the tectonic boundary of the Ostrong- to the Drosendorf Nappe Systems. Garnet is almandine-dominated, shows no zoning and is single-phased. Sillimanite is common and samples near the tectonic boundary also contain kyanite. To determine the previously unknown protolith age of the orthogneiss, U-Pb zircon dating was applied. Three zircon fractions from two samples yield concordia ages of 475.3 ± 1.0 Ma, 474.8 ± 2.9 Ma, and 473.5 ± 1.5 Ma, identical in assigned uncertainties, reflecting magmatic zircon growth. Furthermore, the short prismatic habit of zircon grains indicates a plutonic rather than volcanic origin of the protolith. Dating results also provide a minimum sedimentation age for the rocks of the Ostrong Nappe System within Austria. In comparison with other metagranitoids and orthogneisses of the Moldanubian Nappes, the investigated orthogneiss shows strong similarities with the Gföhl Gneiss and the Moldanubian Granulite. The orthogneiss therefore is considered as a more fractionated equivalent of the Gföhl Gneiss. In conclusion we suggest to name the studied orthogneiss Laimbach Orthogneiss in the rank of a lithodeme (NACSN, 2005), after the locality Laimbach am Ostrong (48°19′01″N; 15°07′19″E), which is located centrally with respect to the occurrences of this gneiss.
20 世纪 80 年代,对奥地利波希米亚山丘的大部分地区进行了原材料勘探(Göd,1988 年),在奥斯特龙(下奥地利州)东坡的排水沟中发现了微量黄玉。奥斯特龙脉系中的正长片麻岩体被证明是这些黄玉矿藏的来源,拉曼光谱显示黄玉富含氟。到目前为止,这是整个莫尔达努比亚超单元中唯一出现的含黄玉的正长片麻岩。该正长片麻岩具有构造覆盖层,表现出弱到发达的褶皱以及局部褶皱。在奥斯特龙系与德罗森多夫成因系的构造边界附近采集的样本显示出较强的剪切变形,并具有明显的麦拉状褶皱和拉伸线纹。对主要元素和微量元素的详细地球化学研究表明,该岩层属于 S 型花岗岩,具有高度分化和过铝的特征。正长片麻岩的二氧化硅含量高达 72.8-77.3 wt%,氟含量也很高,高达 2760 ppm。矿物成分显示,带状斜长石的白云石成分约为 87-99 mol%,并向晶粒边缘增加。石榴石很少出现,但在靠近奥斯特龙-德罗森多夫成因系构造边界的样本中却一直存在。石榴石以白云石为主,无分带,呈单相。黝帘石很常见,构造边界附近的样本还含有黝帘石。为了确定正长片麻岩之前未知的原岩年龄,采用了铀-铅锆石年代测定法。来自两个样本的三个锆石分馏物得出的一致年龄分别为 475.3 ± 1.0 Ma、474.8 ± 2.9 Ma 和 473.5 ± 1.5 Ma,在指定的不确定性方面完全相同,反映了岩浆锆石的生长。此外,锆石晶粒的短棱柱形特征表明原岩起源于深成岩而非火山岩。测年结果还提供了奥地利境内奥斯特龙脉系岩石的最小沉积年龄。与摩尔达努比亚斜长岩的其他变粒岩和正长片麻岩相比,所研究的正长片麻岩与格佛尔片麻岩和摩尔达努比亚花岗岩有很强的相似性。因此,该正片麻岩被认为是 Gföhl 片麻岩的一种分馏程度更高的等同岩。总之,我们建议将所研究的正片麻岩命名为莱姆巴赫正片麻岩(Laimbach Orthogneiss),并将其命名为岩系(NACSN,2005),以纪念该片麻岩的中心产地莱姆巴赫-阿姆-奥斯特龙(Laimbach am Ostrong,北纬 48°19′01″;东经 15°07′19″)。
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引用次数: 0
Statistical analysis of karst springs in Lower Austria 下奥地利州喀斯特泉的统计分析
4区 地球科学 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2023.0007
Clemens Schmalfuss, Lukas Plan, Rudolf Pavuza
Abstract Karst springs play a central role in Austria’s water supply. This paper aims to provide an overview of the karst springs of Lower Austria, analysing statistical correlations of spatial distribution, discharge, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature. As part of a project with the provincial government of Lower Austria, older data from numerous studies have been combined with the self-generated data in a GIS database. This database contains data on 2056 karst springs. Most of the recorded springs are located in the Northern Calcareous Alps, although karst springs also occur in the Central Alpine Permomesozoic, the Waschberg zone and the Bohemian Massif, some of which are also of regional importance for drinking water supply. Chemical analyses show that limestone, dolomite and mixed springs are widespread in Lower Austria and occur with similar frequency. Gypsum springs, which are characterised by a significantly higher total mineral-isation, are also of regional importance. The statistical analysis shows that spring water temperatures correlate well with the mean annual air temperature at the mean catchment elevation. The temperature decrease with increasing elevation corresponds to the air temperature gradient in the Eastern Alps (0.47 °C/100 m). In addition, the springs show a negative correlation of the EC with the mean catchment elevation, which can be explained by a decrease in soil cover and thus reduced CO 2 uptake of the water, as well as dilution by rainwater. This leads to less carbonate dissolution, which is also reflected in less HCO 3 − contents. Corrected for the elevation effect, the investigated dolomite springs, have on average a 2.7% higher EC than limestone springs. A difference was also found between the Hauptdolomit and the Wettersteindolomit rock types, which are widespread in Lower Austria, with the latter displaying higher values on average by 2.2%. This indicates longer residence times of the spring water due to less karstification of the Wettersteindolomit.
岩溶泉在奥地利的供水中起着核心作用。本文旨在概述下奥地利岩溶泉,分析其空间分布、放电、电导率(EC)和温度的统计相关性。作为与下奥地利省政府合作项目的一部分,来自众多研究的旧数据已与地理信息系统数据库中自行生成的数据相结合。该数据库包含2056个岩溶泉的数据。有记录的岩溶泉大部分位于北钙质阿尔卑斯山脉,但在阿尔卑斯中部二叠纪、Waschberg带和波西米亚地块也有岩溶泉,其中一些对饮用水供应也具有区域重要性。化学分析表明,石灰岩、白云岩和混合泉水在下奥州分布广泛,出现频率相似。石膏泉,其特点是一个显著较高的总矿化,也具有区域重要性。统计分析表明,在流域平均海拔高度,泉水温度与年平均气温有较好的相关关系。温度随海拔升高而降低,对应于东阿尔卑斯地区的气温梯度(0.47°C/100 m)。此外,泉水的EC与流域平均海拔呈负相关,这可以解释为土壤覆盖减少,从而减少了水对CO 2的吸收,以及雨水的稀释。这导致碳酸盐溶解减少,这也反映在较少的hco3−含量上。经高程效应校正后,所研究的白云岩温泉的EC平均比石灰岩温泉高2.7%。haupt白云岩和weterstein白云岩的岩石类型也存在差异,后者的数值平均高出2.2%。这表明由于湿润白云岩的岩溶作用较少,泉水的停留时间较长。
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引用次数: 0
A new guideline for geological maps with QGIS QGIS地质制图新指南
4区 地球科学 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17738/ajes.2023.0008
Georg H. Erharter, Mathias Steinbichler, Markus Eder, Esther Hintersberger, Dominik Jaeger
Abstract Being able to create digital geological maps has become a basic requirement for the skillset of today’s geologists. QGIS is a geographical information system that receives increasing popularity due to its user-friendliness and the fact that it is an open access software. This contribution provides an update and extension to a previously published software guideline that gives a stepwise explanation on how to create a geological map with QGIS. The article serves as a brief overview of the guideline through an illustrated example. The guideline itself is published as a supplement to this paper. Within six sections, the guideline explains how to create a geological map with QGIS: 1. Introduction, 2. Download and installation, 3. Basemaps, 4. Map drawing, 5. Plugins, 6. Layouts. The aim is to instruct geologists who are completely inexperienced with digital map creation as well as provide specific information for more advanced users. In general, providing software guidelines for the geological community is an important step towards increasing geologists’ digital proficiency and to keep up with today’s fast paced developments in digitalization.
能够创建数字地质图已经成为当今地质学家技能组合的基本要求。QGIS是一种地理信息系统,由于它的用户友好性和它是一个开放获取的软件而越来越受欢迎。该贡献提供了对先前发布的软件指南的更新和扩展,该指南给出了如何使用QGIS创建地质图的逐步解释。本文通过一个示例简要概述了该指南。该指南本身是作为本文的补充发布的。在六个部分中,指南解释了如何使用QGIS创建地质图:1。介绍,2。3.下载安装;视频4。5.绘制地图;插件,6。布局。其目的是指导那些完全没有数字地图制作经验的地质学家,并为更高级的用户提供具体的信息。总的来说,为地质界提供软件指南是提高地质学家数字化水平和跟上当今数字化快速发展的重要一步。
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引用次数: 0
Middle to Late Eocene paleoenvironmental changes in a marine transgressive sequence from the northern Tethyan margin (Adelholzen, Germany). 泰特山脉北缘(德国阿德尔霍尔岑)一个海洋横断序列的中新世至晚新世古环境变化。
IF 1.7 4区 地球科学 Pub Date : 2013-01-01
Holger Gebhardt, Stjepan Ćorić, Robert Darga, Antonino Briguglio, Bettina Schenk, Winfried Werner, Nils Andersen, Benjamin Sames

The northern Tethyan margin is a key region for determining environmental changes associated with the collision of continental and oceanic tectonic plates and Alpine orogeny. Herein we investigated Middle to Late Eocene neritic to bathyal sediments deposited during an interval of unstable climatic conditions. In order to quantify paleoenvironmental changes, we developed a detailed age model based on biozonations of planktic foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, and larger benthic foraminifera. The section at Adelholzen covers the almost complete Lutetian Stage (calcareous nannoplankton zones NP15a-16, planktic foraminifera zones E8-11, shallow benthic (foraminifera) zones SBZ13-15) and large parts of the Priabonian Stage (NP18-20, E14/15), while the intermediate Bartonian Stage (NP17) is completely missing. Foraminiferal, calcareous nannoplankton, and macrofossil assemblages were analyzed for changes in paleo-water depth, mixing and stratification, paleo-primary productivity (pPP), food supply, and bottom water oxygenation. Paleo-water depth estimates range from 50 m (middle neritic, early Lutetian) to nearly 500 m (upper bathyal, late Priabonian). The combination of assemblage composition, planktic and benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates, and derived parameters (carbon-flux to sea floor, pPP) enabled us to identify a series of distinct paleoceanographic events of at least regional significance. Such events are characterized by considerable changes in primary productivity or reduced bottom water ventilation. Calculated pPP-values indicate oligotrophic conditions throughout.

哲罗纪北缘是确定与大陆板块和大洋板块碰撞以及阿尔卑斯造山运动相关的环境变化的关键区域。在这里,我们研究了在气候条件不稳定时期沉积的中新世至晚新世海相至水深沉积物。为了量化古环境的变化,我们根据浮游有孔虫、钙质浮游动物和大型底栖有孔虫的生物区系建立了一个详细的年龄模型。阿德尔霍尔岑断面涵盖了几乎完整的卢特陶期(钙质浮游动物带 NP15a-16、浮游有孔虫带 E8-11、浅底栖(有孔虫)带 SBZ13-15)和普里阿本期的大部分(NP18-20、E14/15),而中间的巴顿期(NP17)则完全缺失。对有孔虫、钙质浮游动物和大型化石的组合进行了分析,以了解古水深、混合和分层、古初级生产力(ppP)、食物供应和底层水含氧量的变化。古水深估计范围从 50 米(中纳里特岩层,卢特陶纪早期)到近 500 米(上深海层,普里阿本纪晚期)。通过组合成分、浮游有孔虫和底栖有孔虫累积率以及衍生参数(向海底的碳通量、pPP)的综合分析,我们确定了至少具有区域意义的一系列不同的古海洋学事件。这些事件的特点是初级生产力发生了巨大变化或底层水通气量减少。计算得出的 pPP 值表明整个过程都处于低营养状态。
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引用次数: 0
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Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences
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