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[The Habit of Rage in a United States Ghetto.] [美国贫民窟的愤怒习惯]
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2013-04-01
Philippe Bourgois, Fernando Montero Castrillo, Laurie Hart, George Karandinos

For five years, the open air drug sales block where the authors resided and conducted participant-observation fieldwork in the Puerto Rican corner of inner-city Philadelphia was subject to a routinized whirlwind of shootings, stabbings and assaults. The narcotics industry filled the void left by deindustrialization, turning the city's former factory district into an open-air narcotics supermarket staffed at the entry level by young Puerto Ricans serving primarily poor white injectors. A capacity to mobilize rage ensures success in the drug economy, protection in prison, and minimal income for the no-longer-worthy poor who are diagnosed as cognitively disabled. Many residents seek alliances in social networks that oblige them to participate in solidary exchanges of assistive violence. A dynamic of embodied, primitive accumulation kills, maims, disables or incarcerates most of this industry's entry-level employees and customers. Artificially high profit margins depend on violence and coercion. A rage-filled habitus propels street-level sellers into violently defending the micro-monopoly power of their bosses in the underground economy as if it were fun. They rush to enforce commercial transactions in the absence of protective legal sanctions in an environment of scarcity that is flooded by streams of cash, addictive drugs and automatic weapons. With the end of welfare entitlements, the left hand of the state, in the form of social services, attempts to continue subsidies for vulnerable individuals by diagnosing scarred bodies and brains as proof of permanent cognitive disability in need of heavy pharmaceutical medication. Periodic outbursts of interpersonal or of self-inflicted rage-filled violence emerge as the best way to ensure the continuity of that fragile public subsidy. Simultaneously, within the bowels of the right hand of the state, in overcrowded, hostilely-supervised violent prisons, rage becomes a valuable physical self-protection strategy for inmates. In short, expressive violence becomes a practical basis for economic sustenance and masculine and feminine self respect.

五年来,作者居住并在费城内城波多黎各角落进行参与观察实地工作的露天毒品销售街区经常发生枪击、刺杀和袭击事件。毒品产业填补了去工业化留下的空白,把这个城市以前的工业区变成了一个露天的毒品超市,入门级的工作人员都是年轻的波多黎各人,主要为贫穷的白人注射者服务。动员愤怒的能力确保了毒品经济的成功,监狱中的保护,以及被诊断为认知障碍的不再值得贫穷的人的最低收入。许多居民在社会网络中寻求联盟,迫使他们参与互助性暴力的交流。一种具体化的、原始积累的动力杀死、残废、残废或禁锢了这个行业的大多数初级员工和客户。人为的高利润率依赖于暴力和胁迫。一种充满愤怒的习惯促使街头小贩在地下经济中以暴力捍卫老板的微垄断权力,仿佛这是一种乐趣。在现金流、成瘾性毒品和自动武器泛滥的稀缺环境中,在缺乏保护性法律制裁的情况下,他们急于执行商业交易。随着福利权利的终结,国家的左手,以社会服务的形式,试图通过诊断伤痕累累的身体和大脑,作为需要大量药物治疗的永久性认知障碍的证据,继续补贴弱势个体。人与人之间或自己造成的愤怒暴力的周期性爆发成为确保脆弱的公共补贴继续下去的最佳方式。与此同时,在国家的右臂内部,在拥挤不堪、充满敌意监督的暴力监狱里,愤怒成为囚犯们宝贵的身体自我保护策略。简而言之,表达性暴力成为经济维持和男性和女性自尊的实际基础。
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Espacio Abierto
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