Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery最新文献

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical properties of 60 % carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (Cfr-PEEK), which exhibits high mechanical strength and can address the limitations of titanium mini plates used in Le Fort I osteotomy.

Material and method: Models were created using the FEA method based on tomography images of adult individuals. A 5 mm maxillary advancement was applied to the models following Le Fort I osteotomy. Mini plates made of titanium and 60 % Cfr-PEEK were used. Support was provided by the nasomaxillary and zygomaticomaxillary buttresses to fix a total of four l-shaped mini plates. Oblique loads of 125 N, directed from palatal to buccal, and a total of 250 N compression loads were applied to the central fossa of the premolar and molar teeth in the maxillary model at a 30° angle relative to the long axis of the teeth. Displacement values at the osteotomy line, Von Mises stresses in the mini plate-screws, and principal stresses in the bone were compared.

Results: Examination of stress values in the fixation systems of the models revealed higher stress values in the Cfr-PEEK model compared to the titanium model. However, these stresses did not reach levels that would deform the Cfr-PEEK fixation systems. Stress and displacement values in the bone were lower in the Cfr-PEEK model compared to the titanium model.

Conclusion: According to the findings of our study, Cfr-PEEK represents a viable alternative to titanium for mini plate material in Le Fort I osteotomy, offering biomechanical advantages.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore active ingredients in Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl (SNH) with potential effects on ameloblastoma (AM) using network pharmacological approach, bioinformatic gene analysis and in vitro cell experiments.

Methods: The active ingredients and their corresponding targets of SNH were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), as well as SwissTargetPrediction. Disease targets of AM were selected from GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AM were identified, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis were performed using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE38494 through bioinformatic analysis. The STRING database platform was utilized to generate a protein-protein interaction network diagram, followed by hub gene analysis using Cytoscape software. AutoDock Vina software was used to perform molecular docking verification of the effects of the active ingredients on potential core targets. Additionally, in vitro experiments including quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), EdU assay and CCK-8 cell proliferation assay were conducted using AM cell line AM-1 after SNH extract treatment.

Result: The study revealed that SNH contains eight active ingredients and a total of 388 drug targets, including 10 potential core targets in AM. Hub genes identified in the analysis were CCNA2, HRAS, PTGS2, PIK3CB, FGFR1, CASP3, MMP1, SLC2A1, MMP14, and MME. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated strong binding activity between key active ingredients (β-sitosterol, scropolioside A_qt, scropolioside D, scropolioside D_qt, and sugiol) and target genes (CASP3, FGFR1, HRAS, PTGS2, and SLC2A1). Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that SNH exerts its effects on AM through pathways related to cellular response to abiotic stimulus, cellular response to hypoxia, and exopeptidase activity. Immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarray showed higher expression of MMP14 and PTGS2 in AM compared to dentigerous cyst. Using AM-1 cell line, RT-qPCR results confirmed that SNH suppressed the expression of MMP14 and PTGS2 at mRNA level. Additionally, the EdUassay and CCK-8 assay indicated the inhibitory effect of SNH on the proliferation of AM-1 cells.

Conclusion: These findings showed that SNH could suppress expression of MMP14 and PTGS2 and restrain the proliferation of AM. Our study highlights the potential of SNH as a promising therapeutic candidate for AM, which may provide more options for clinical treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether oral zinc or copper supplementation affected the efficacy and sustainability of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection in masseter muscle of albino rats.

Materials and methods: 32 adult male albino rats were allocated equally into four groups: group I (control), group II received 10U BTX-A injection, group III received 10U BTX-A injection + zinc (1 mg, 4 days pre-injection), and group IV received 10U BTX-A injection + copper (0.04 mg, 7 days post-injection). Rats were euthanized at 2 and 12 weeks (4 rats per subgroup) after injection. The masseter muscle was examined via histological, histochemical, histomorphometrical and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses.

Results: The histopathological results of the BTX-A group showed atrophied muscle fibers with increased atrophy with time compared to the control group. The BTX-A + zinc group displayed more atrophy compared to BTX-A group. Conversely, the BTX-A + copper group demonstrated improved histology of muscle fibers compared to BTX-A and BTX-A + zinc groups. Histomorphometric analysis of Masson trichrome staining at 2 and 12 weeks revealed that collagen area percentage was the highest in the BTX-A + copper and control groups, followed by BTX-A and BTX-A + zinc groups. At 12 weeks, the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) mRNA expression was significantly higher in BTX-A + zinc and BTX-A groups compared to BTX-A + copper group and relative to the control group.

Conclusion: Zinc supplementation significantly improved the effectiveness and durability of BTX-A, whereas copper supplementation reduced its efficacy.

Background: Attaining adequate osseointegration and mitigating infections are paramount issues in implantology, especially within dental and orthopaedic domains. Titanium implants have been utilised for their biocompatibility and mechanical strength; yet, problems such as peri‑implant infections and inadequate bone integration may undermine their efficacy. Coating titanium implants with iron nanoparticles (FeNp) has surfaced as a promising approach to improve osseointegration and antibacterial characteristics. FeNp's distinctive capacity to react to magnetic fields and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) has the potential to enhance implant results.

Objective: To assess the influence of FeNp-coated titanium implants on osseointegration, mechanical stability, osteogenesis, and antibacterial effectiveness against prevalent implant-associated infections, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Materials and methods: In vivo investigations were performed on animal models to evaluate implant stability by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and removal torque measurements at 6 and 12 weeks post-implantation. Histopathological assessment was conducted to analyze the osseous formation and vascularization surrounding the implants. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were employed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of magnetized FeNp against S. aureus and E. coli.

Results: At 6 weeks, no substantial change was detected in (RFA) or removal torque between the control group (GROUP A) and the test group (GROUP B). However, by 12 weeks, GROUP B demonstrated significantly higher RFA scores (75.02 ± 5.11) compared to GROUP A (67.41 ± 9.85), indicating improved implant stability (p < 0.05). Removal torque values were also significantly higher in GROUP B at 12 weeks (76.30 ± 14.20) compared to GROUP A (46.10 ± 9.25), suggesting enhanced mechanical integration (p < 0.01). Histopathological analysis revealed greater new bone formation, increased osteoblast activity, and improved vascularization around FeNp-coated implants in GROUP B. Additionally, in vitro antibacterial testing demonstrated that FeNp coatings effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli, providing further evidence of its antimicrobial effect CONCLUSION: FeNp-coated implants have dual advantages: improved osseointegration and antibacterial defence. The findings indicate that FeNp coatings might substantially enhance implant longevity and diminish the likelihood of infection, offering a potential approach for clinical applications, especially for patients at elevated risk of implant failure. Subsequent research should concentrate on enhancing the application of FeNp coatings in clinical environments and further examining their long-term biocompatibility and effectiveness.

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is continually rising worldwide, posing a risk for the development of various serious diseases. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex and recent research suggests a link between obesity and the oral microbiome, though the specific mechanisms remain unclear.

Material and methods: We collected saliva samples from 9 non-obese and 13 obese participants and conducted 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the differences in oral microbiota between obese and non-obese individuals in terms of microbial abundance, functionality, and interaction networks.

Results: Obese participants exhibited a distinct composition of salivary microbiota compared to non-obese participants, with a greater number of ASVs detected and higher α diversity indices. Specifically, Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, and Actinobacillus were significantly enriched, while Actinomyces showed significant depletion. Functional prediction analysis indicated that biofilm formation pathways were significantly more abundant in the obese group. Random forest regression model analysis identified Bergeyella as the most contributive genus, and interaction network analysis suggested that Bergeyella may function as a bridge node, linking the obese group-enriched genera to the broader microbial community and facilitating the exchange of information and resources.

Discussion: Our study suggests that obesity may be closely associated with salivary microbiota dysbiosis and functional changes. Further research is needed to elucidate the causal relationship and underlying molecular mechanisms between obesity and oral microbiota dysbiosis, or to determine if they mutually influence each other.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, arising from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and sinuses. In addition to the conventional morphologic pattern characterized by the degree of cellular atypia and squamous differentiation, HNSCC is classified into eight histopathologic subtypes: basaloid, spindle cell, adenosquamous, cuniculatum, verrucous, lymphoepithelial, papillary, and acantholytic.

Methods: This review provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the prognostic implications of the histological subtypes of HNSCC.

Results: Although there is extensive literature on HNSCC, few studies specifically focus on the treatment and prognosis of its histopathologic subtypes. Among these subtypes, verrucous squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma cuniculatum generally have a favorable prognosis, while others, such as basaloid and spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma, tend to follow a more aggressive clinical course.

Conclusion: In this review, we delve into the histopathological subtypes of HNSCC and explore their clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic findings. Further molecular investigations aimed at identifying targeted therapies for these subtypes are necessary. Moreover, it is crucial to recognize the emerging histopathological variants documented in the literature, considering the ongoing limitations in prognostic assessment.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the positioning of the condyles in computed tomography (CT) scans of skeletal Class II and Class III patients in virtual surgical planning before orthognathic surgery. The secondary aim is to determine whether occlusal devices are mandatory for performing a CT examination.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective randomized double-blind study, 42 CT scans were evaluated from patients who had undergone to orthognathic surgery at the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo. Male and female patients between the ages of 25 and 40 were included. The sample consisted of skeletal Class II and III patients. The CTs were randomly selected into centric relation (CR) and maximal intercuspal position (MI). Statistical analysis was performed with R Statistical Package and was considered significant in the case of p <0.0001.

Results: A total of 504 measurements were carried out in 42 patients. Three joint spaces on each side were used. No statistically significant difference between the inter- and intraobservers was found for CR and MI. Some scores were performed to avoid the risk of gender bias.

Conclusions: No statistically significant value was found between patients in CR and MI after mandibular manipulation. The use of a positioning guide to perform a CT scan prior to virtual planning is not absolutely necessary.

Background: Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) in mandible is a disease with unusual and undefined clinicoradiographic manifestations. Several medicines have been administrated for therapy, but the efficacy in bone remolding remains to be systematically evaluated.

Observation: A 37-year-old male and a 28-year-old female were diagnosed DSO after revealing diffuse sclerosis and osteolytic changes in the mandible, and treated by Janus-activated kinase signal and IL-6 inhibitor, respectively. Their symptoms were well controlled and the inflammatory indicators were decreased. During the mandible remolding, the osteolytic destruction in one patient migrated from the left mandible to the right, while DSO lesion migrated from the left mandibular body to the ramus and condyle in the other.

Conclusion: DSO presented as migratory lesions in mandible after biological inhibitors therapy, while the periosteal reaction wasn't conformed to the osteolytic focus. These findings suggest that periostitis may be the direct cause of DSO rather than the infectious triggers.

Background: Zygomatic implants, either alone or in combination with dental implant placement, have emerged as a viable surgical option for elderly patients with severe bone atrophy for occlusal restoration. This study aims to examine the biomechanical impact of the three-dimensional contact area between zygomatic implants and bone on biomechanics under different surgical methods.

Material and methods: Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images from 10 patients with severe bone atrophy, we reconstructed 3D maxillary bone models and created corresponding 3D zygomatic implant models. Two distinct surgical methods (extramaxillary or intrasinus approaches) were employed based on the position and angle of the zygomatic implant for each patient. The 3D bone-to-implant contact percentage (BIC%) was calculated, and finite element analysis with nonlinear contact was conducted to assess the relationship between 3D BIC% and surrounding bone stress for both surgical methods.

Results: The 3D BIC% of extramaxillary approach (57.63 %) and intrasinus approach (56.49 %) for total bone (including cortical and cancellous bone) was similar (P = 0.425) in zygomatic implant surgery. In contrast, the intrasinus method exhibited higher 3D BIC% in cortical bone contact (28.08 %) compared to the extramaxillary approach (21.92 %) (P = 0.011). The correlation between 3D BIC% and high bone stress was stronger in the intrasinus approach, likely due to increased contact area in cortical bone.

Conclusion: The intrasinus approach led to lower bone stress and a more robust correlation between bone stress and 3D BIC%, particularly in cortical bone contact. Importantly, the coverage area of cortical bone surrounding the zygomatic implant significantly influenced biomechanical performance of the zygomatic implants.