Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a popular topic, has been applied to all areas of modern life and there has been diverse ongoing research focusing on its various aspects. However, the developments of AI in different fields are quite imbalanced. Many experts have predicted that, in time, AI will exceed Human Intelligence (HI); however, there is no solid consensus among them. Moreover, the controversial issue of how to adequately define AI and HI has made it difficult to answer this question. This research collects, summarizes, and analyzes existing research on the theoretical basis of AI/HI and the developments of AI in different areas. Then, we discuss the possibilities that AI eventually replace humans in the job market. Finally, we divide AI into three types and discuss whether machines will ultimately surpass human beings or not.
{"title":"Will Artificial Intelligence Surpass Human Intelligence","authors":"Jiachao Fang, Hanning Su, Yunhao Xiao","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3173876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3173876","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a popular topic, has been applied to all areas of modern life and there has been diverse ongoing research focusing on its various aspects. However, the developments of AI in different fields are quite imbalanced. Many experts have predicted that, in time, AI will exceed Human Intelligence (HI); however, there is no solid consensus among them. Moreover, the controversial issue of how to adequately define AI and HI has made it difficult to answer this question. This research collects, summarizes, and analyzes existing research on the theoretical basis of AI/HI and the developments of AI in different areas. Then, we discuss the possibilities that AI eventually replace humans in the job market. Finally, we divide AI into three types and discuss whether machines will ultimately surpass human beings or not.","PeriodicalId":61069,"journal":{"name":"自然辩证法研究","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73833909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/9277.003.0012
Zhang We
Current eco-design pays too much attention to the environmental effects of the products themselves,but seldom cares for the possible impacts on the behaviors of the users. Such an exclusive attention may lead to the consequence of‘Jevons paradox',in some cases,the undesirable effects may even offset the environmental merit of the products. Furthermore,many products disposed of are still functionally usable,but no longer satisfy psychological needs or desires. As long as this happens,it does not matter how"clean"a product is. It is at least as important to try to get people not to throw away their things so quickly. This problem is aggravated in the era of symbolic consumption. This means designers should aslo pay attention to the behaviors of users and realize the organic unification of product's environmental performance and user's environmental behaviors.
{"title":"Eco-design in the Era of Symbolic Consumption","authors":"Zhang We","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/9277.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9277.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Current eco-design pays too much attention to the environmental effects of the products themselves,but seldom cares for the possible impacts on the behaviors of the users. Such an exclusive attention may lead to the consequence of‘Jevons paradox',in some cases,the undesirable effects may even offset the environmental merit of the products. Furthermore,many products disposed of are still functionally usable,but no longer satisfy psychological needs or desires. As long as this happens,it does not matter how\"clean\"a product is. It is at least as important to try to get people not to throw away their things so quickly. This problem is aggravated in the era of symbolic consumption. This means designers should aslo pay attention to the behaviors of users and realize the organic unification of product's environmental performance and user's environmental behaviors.","PeriodicalId":61069,"journal":{"name":"自然辩证法研究","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90397266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linguistic constructionism focuses its attention on the relation between language and the world from mind and the world.Language is used to stipulate mentality other than expression.Discourse itself is social action.It not only comes to be a kind of object and means of psychology,but also develops as the ontology and epistemology in mental research.Psychologists do not treat the individual as object any more.They change their ground to study the lingual practice and discourse in different context.
{"title":"The Discursive Mind","authors":"Fei Duo-yi","doi":"10.4135/9781452243788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452243788","url":null,"abstract":"Linguistic constructionism focuses its attention on the relation between language and the world from mind and the world.Language is used to stipulate mentality other than expression.Discourse itself is social action.It not only comes to be a kind of object and means of psychology,but also develops as the ontology and epistemology in mental research.Psychologists do not treat the individual as object any more.They change their ground to study the lingual practice and discourse in different context.","PeriodicalId":61069,"journal":{"name":"自然辩证法研究","volume":"453 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78281550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1201/9780203492451.ch6
Lu Nai-ji
There exist various levels of explicit knowledge in the midst of physics and biology,from STS to humanities.It is well-known that is so-called"great physicsism","the Crown of Science","Scientism"and "Imperialism of Economics".From ontology,the character of explicit knowledge is"disembeding",and it has become the common flat to communicate and the basis of human knowledge system because of its commonness and universality.Actually,any negation to explicit knowledge will shake the base on which people depend to develop and exist.Upon epistemology,the explicit knowledge is obtained by means of separating between subject and object,"two-way"turn and rationality.Therefore the explicit knowledge is the only way to cognize the universe,which is an abstract or ideal state in human thinking.On axiology,the explicit knowledge has no relationship with specific values,but it is the foundation of them;hence,the explicit knowledge has its universal value.
{"title":"On the Explicit Knowledge","authors":"Lu Nai-ji","doi":"10.1201/9780203492451.ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203492451.ch6","url":null,"abstract":"There exist various levels of explicit knowledge in the midst of physics and biology,from STS to humanities.It is well-known that is so-called\"great physicsism\",\"the Crown of Science\",\"Scientism\"and \"Imperialism of Economics\".From ontology,the character of explicit knowledge is\"disembeding\",and it has become the common flat to communicate and the basis of human knowledge system because of its commonness and universality.Actually,any negation to explicit knowledge will shake the base on which people depend to develop and exist.Upon epistemology,the explicit knowledge is obtained by means of separating between subject and object,\"two-way\"turn and rationality.Therefore the explicit knowledge is the only way to cognize the universe,which is an abstract or ideal state in human thinking.On axiology,the explicit knowledge has no relationship with specific values,but it is the foundation of them;hence,the explicit knowledge has its universal value.","PeriodicalId":61069,"journal":{"name":"自然辩证法研究","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87363817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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