Dialo Diop, M. Diagne, A. Sambou, Pascal Bassène, Serigne Abdoul Aziz Niang, Astou Sarr
In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) modules are widely used in many applications around the world. However, this renewable energy is plagued by dust, airborne particles, humidity, and high ambient temperatures. This paper studies the effect of dust soiling on silicon-based photovoltaic panel performance in a mini-solar power plant located in Dakar (Senegal, 14°42'N latitude, 17°28'W longitude). Results of the current-voltage (I - V) characteristics of photovoltaic panels tested under real conditions. We modeled a silicon-based PV cell in a dusty environment as a stack of thin layers of dust, glass and silicon. The silicon layer is modeled as a P-N junction. The study performed under standard laboratory conditions with input data of irradiation at 1000 W/m2, cell temperature at 25°C and solar spectrum with Air Mass (AM) at 1.5 for the monocrystalline silicon PV cell (m-Si). The analysis with an ellipsometer of dust samples collected on photovoltaic panels allowed to obtain the refraction indices (real and imaginary) of these particles which will complete the input parameters of the model. Results show that for a photon flux arriving on dust layer of 70 μm (corresponding to dust deposit of 3.3 g/m2) deposited on silicon-based PV cells, short circuit current decreases from 54 mA (for a clean cell) to 26 mA. Also, conversion efficiency decreases by 50% compared to clean cell and the cell fill factor decreases by 76% - 50% compared to reference PV cell.
{"title":"Influence of Dust Deposition on the Electrical Parameters of Silicon-Based Solar Panels Installed in Senegal (Dakar Region)","authors":"Dialo Diop, M. Diagne, A. Sambou, Pascal Bassène, Serigne Abdoul Aziz Niang, Astou Sarr","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.135012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.135012","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) modules are widely used in many \u0000applications around the world. However, this renewable energy is plagued by \u0000dust, airborne particles, humidity, and high ambient temperatures. This paper studies the effect of dust \u0000soiling on silicon-based photovoltaic panel performance in a mini-solar power \u0000plant located in Dakar (Senegal, 14°42'N latitude, 17°28'W longitude). Results \u0000of the current-voltage \u0000(I - V) characteristics of photovoltaic panels tested under real conditions. We \u0000modeled a silicon-based PV cell in a dusty environment as a stack of thin \u0000layers of dust, glass and silicon. The silicon layer is modeled as a P-N junction. The study performed under \u0000standard laboratory conditions with input data of irradiation at 1000 W/m2, \u0000cell temperature at 25°C and solar spectrum with Air Mass (AM) at 1.5 for the \u0000monocrystalline silicon PV cell (m-Si). The analysis with an ellipsometer of \u0000dust samples collected on photovoltaic panels allowed to obtain the refraction \u0000indices (real and imaginary) of these particles which will complete the input \u0000parameters of the model. Results show that for a photon flux arriving on dust \u0000layer of 70 μm (corresponding to dust deposit of 3.3 g/m2) deposited \u0000on silicon-based PV cells, short \u0000circuit current decreases from 54 mA (for a clean cell) to 26 mA. Also, \u0000conversion efficiency decreases by 50% compared to clean cell and the cell fill factor decreases by 76% \u0000- 50% compared to reference PV cell.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81198547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a novel idea of utilizing the reactional torque of the conventional electric motor as a linear output for propulsion in addition to the conventional torque output of the rotor. The idea is demonstrated by a theoretical proposal of linearizing the stator of one of the most used motors in Electrical Vehicles and Hybrid Vehicles. The proposed Linear Stator Motor is a simple modification without involving any functional change of the conventional motor. Though theoretical, the indicated possible input energy saving of more than 75% as compared to the conventional motor is no surprise, as by linearizing the stator, an almost equal linear propulsion output is added to the conventional rotor output. In addition to this remarkable saving in input energy, the proposed Linear Stator Motor that suits all types of vehicles, can maintain propulsion without the need for a mechanical transmission system. Also, in the case of watercraft and aircraft vehicles, no external mechanical propulsion drive system is required. It is just an internal force that can push the vehicle forward, backward, or laterally, while the conventional rotor output can be utilized for energy recovery by driving a DC generator.
{"title":"For Propulsion Applications It Is Possible to Utilize Both the Torque Output of the Rotor and the Reactional Torque Acting on the Stator of the Driving Electric Motor by Linearizing the Stator","authors":"Salah Abunaieb","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.135011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.135011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel idea of utilizing the reactional torque of \u0000the conventional electric motor as a linear output for propulsion in addition \u0000to the conventional torque output of the rotor. The idea is demonstrated by a \u0000theoretical proposal of linearizing the stator of one of the most used motors in Electrical Vehicles and Hybrid Vehicles. The proposed Linear Stator Motor is a simple \u0000modification without involving any functional change of the conventional motor. \u0000Though theoretical, the indicated possible input energy saving of more \u0000than 75% as compared to the conventional motor is no surprise, as by \u0000linearizing the stator, an almost equal linear propulsion output is added to \u0000the conventional rotor output. In addition to this remarkable saving in input \u0000energy, the proposed Linear Stator Motor that suits all types of vehicles, can maintain propulsion \u0000without the need for a mechanical transmission system. Also, in the case of watercraft and \u0000aircraft vehicles, no external mechanical propulsion drive system is required. \u0000It is just an internal force that can push the vehicle forward, backward, or laterally, while the \u0000conventional rotor output can be utilized for energy recovery by driving a DC \u0000generator.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76841767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yamaguchi, T. Masuda, Takashi Nakado, Y. Zushi, K. Araki, T. Takamoto, K. Okumura, Akinori Satou, Kazumi Yamada, Y. Ota, K. Nishioka, Tsutomu Tanimoto, Kyotaro Nakamura, R. Ozaki, N. Kojima, Y. Ohshita
The development of photovoltaics (PV)-powered vehicles are expected to contribute to reduce CO2 emission of vehicles and create a clean energy society. This paper presents the impact of high-efficiency solar cell modules on reduction in CO2 emission, charging cost reduction for electric vehicles, and reducing storage capacity of PV-powered electric vehicles. In this paper, the effects of solar cell module efficiency upon driving distance of PV-powered vehicles are also shown. Especially, the potential of Si tandem solar cells for PV-powered vehicle applications is discussed. This paper presents that the III-V/Si 3-junction solar cell modules with an efficiency of more than 37% have the potential of longer driving distance of 30 km/day average and more than 50 km/day on a clear day compared to an average 16 km/day driving by vehicles powered by 20% efficiency Si solar cell modules.
{"title":"Importance of Developing Photovoltaics-Powered Vehicles","authors":"M. Yamaguchi, T. Masuda, Takashi Nakado, Y. Zushi, K. Araki, T. Takamoto, K. Okumura, Akinori Satou, Kazumi Yamada, Y. Ota, K. Nishioka, Tsutomu Tanimoto, Kyotaro Nakamura, R. Ozaki, N. Kojima, Y. Ohshita","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.135010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.135010","url":null,"abstract":"The development of photovoltaics (PV)-powered vehicles \u0000are expected to contribute to reduce CO2 emission of vehicles and \u0000create a clean energy society. This paper presents the impact of high-efficiency solar cell modules on \u0000reduction in CO2 emission, charging cost reduction for electric \u0000vehicles, and \u0000reducing storage capacity of PV-powered electric vehicles. In this paper, the effects of solar cell module \u0000efficiency upon driving distance of PV-powered vehicles are also shown. Especially, the potential of Si tandem solar \u0000cells for PV-powered vehicle applications is discussed. This paper presents that the III-V/Si \u00003-junction solar cell modules with an efficiency of more than 37% have the potential of longer driving \u0000distance of 30 km/day average and more than 50 km/day on a clear day compared \u0000to an average 16 km/day driving by vehicles powered by 20% efficiency Si solar \u0000cell modules.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73457918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mamadou Sall, D. Diarisso, Mame Faty Mbaye Fall, G. Diop, M. Ndiaye, Khady Loum, G. Sissoko
A bifacial silicon solar cell under monochromatic illumination in frequency modulation by the rear side is being studied for the optimization of base thickness. The density of photogenerated carriers in the base is obtained by resolution of the continuity equation, with the help of boundary conditions at the junction surface (n+/p) and the rear face (p/p+) of the base. For a short wavelength corresponding to a high absorption coefficient, the AC photocurrent density is calculated and represented according to the excess minority carrier’s recombination velocity at the junction, for different modulation frequency values. The expression of the AC recombination velocity of excess minority carriers at the rear surface of the base of the solar cell is then deduced, depending on both, the absorption coefficient of the silicon material and the thickness of the base. Compared to the intrinsic AC recombination velocity, the optimal thickness is extracted and modeled in a mathematical relationship, as a decreasing function of the modulated frequency of back illumination. Thus under these operating conditions, a maximum short-circuit photocurrent is obtained and a low-cost bifacial solar cell can be achieved by reducing material (Si) to elaborate the base thickness.
{"title":"Back Illuminated N/P/P+ Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell under Modulated Short-Wavelength: Determination of Base Optimum Thickness","authors":"Mamadou Sall, D. Diarisso, Mame Faty Mbaye Fall, G. Diop, M. Ndiaye, Khady Loum, G. Sissoko","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.135014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.135014","url":null,"abstract":"A bifacial silicon solar cell under monochromatic illumination in \u0000frequency modulation by the rear side is being studied for the optimization of \u0000base thickness. The density of photogenerated carriers in the base is obtained \u0000by resolution of the continuity equation, with the help of boundary conditions \u0000at the junction surface (n+/p) and the rear face (p/p+) \u0000of the base. For a short wavelength corresponding to a high absorption \u0000coefficient, the AC photocurrent density is calculated and represented \u0000according to the excess minority carrier’s recombination velocity at the \u0000junction, for different modulation frequency values. The expression of the AC \u0000recombination velocity of excess minority carriers at the rear surface of the \u0000base of the solar cell is then deduced, depending on both, the absorption \u0000coefficient of the silicon material and the thickness of the base. Compared to \u0000the intrinsic AC recombination velocity, the optimal thickness is extracted and \u0000modeled in a mathematical relationship, as a decreasing function of the modulated frequency of back \u0000illumination. Thus under these operating conditions, a maximum short-circuit photocurrent is obtained \u0000and a low-cost \u0000bifacial solar cell can be achieved by reducing material (Si) to elaborate the \u0000base thickness.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84627765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With expanding environmental and climate change regulatory frameworks, the fossil-based baseload generation is forced to decline, thus making room for more and more generation based on renewable and other carbon-free energy sources. This paper deals with a number of controversial issues and open questions concerning the growing penetration of renewable energy sources into power generation systems, often without due care of the impacts of variable as compared to conventional generation on the reliability of electricity supply. Particular attention is paid to baseload generation, power market design, system operation under extreme weather conditions, energy storage, back-up, and reserve power, as well as to the role of mechanical inertia and reliability of on-site fuel supply, demonstrated on an example of coal excavation and delivery to a power plant.
{"title":"Reliability of Baseload Electricity Generation from Fossil and Renewable Energy Sources","authors":"Aleksa Bisercic, U. Bugaric","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.135013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.135013","url":null,"abstract":"With \u0000expanding environmental and climate change regulatory frameworks, the fossil-based baseload generation is forced to decline, thus \u0000making room for more and more generation based on renewable and other \u0000carbon-free energy sources. This paper deals with a number of controversial \u0000issues and open questions concerning the growing penetration of renewable energy sources into power generation \u0000systems, often without due care of the impacts of variable as compared to \u0000conventional generation on the reliability of electricity supply. Particular attention is paid to \u0000baseload generation, power market design, system operation under extreme \u0000weather conditions, energy storage, back-up, and reserve power, as well as to the role of \u0000mechanical inertia and reliability of on-site \u0000fuel supply, demonstrated on an example of coal excavation and delivery \u0000to a power plant.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79475842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the multi-objective of intelligent building load scheduling, aiming at the problem of how to select Pareto frontier scheme for multi-objective optimization algorithm, the current optimal scheme mechanism combined with multi-objective multi-verse algorithm is used to optimize the intelligent building load scheduling. The update mechanism is changed in updating the position of the universe, and the process of correction coding is omitted in the iterative process of the algorithm, which reduces the com-putational complexity. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the optimal scheduling experiments of residential loads.
{"title":"Intelligent Building Load Scheduling Based on Multi-Objective Multi-Verse Algorithm","authors":"Jiangyong Liu, Jiankang Liu, Lv Fan, Lingzhi Yi, Huina Song, Qingna Zeng","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.134B003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.134B003","url":null,"abstract":"In the multi-objective of intelligent building load scheduling, aiming at the problem of how to select Pareto frontier scheme for multi-objective optimization algorithm, the current optimal scheme mechanism combined with multi-objective multi-verse algorithm is used to optimize the intelligent building load scheduling. The update mechanism is changed in updating the position of the universe, and the process of correction coding is omitted in the iterative process of the algorithm, which reduces the com-putational complexity. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the optimal scheduling experiments of residential loads.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89478726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-08DOI: 10.4236/EPE.2021.134B007
L. Popa-Simil
Nuclear Power today is in stagnation with a fleet of 440 operational units, due to many drawback factors, as economics, safety, controllability and response time, security and waste management, which all together act as a deterrent to new reactor construction. If the present trend is followed, together with aging of many nuclear plants, by 2040 there will remain less than half of the actual reactors in operation, representing an accelerated decay of the industry. The idea of renaissance of nuclear power is more frequent, but this is not possible without the use of novel materials, based on nano-engineered structures. It is well known that Damascus swords were not possible without the use of Damascus steel, and so the next nuclear technology is not possible without the use of novel micro-nano nuclear materials, which finally dictates the performances of the nuclear structures built with them. As a first approach to modern technology, since 1980s, five types of nuclear materials, able to bring a leap forward in nuclear technology have been identified and studied, which are: 1) Micro-hetero structures able to deal with fission products, that use fission reaction kinematics to self-separate fission products from the nuclear fuel, generically called “Cer-Liq-Mesh”, because simply it consists of a ceramic material stabilized on an elastic mesh or felt, immersed into a drain liquid. This improves the radiation damage, fuel burnup, fission products separation, and specific power density. 2) Nano-Beaded-Hetero-Structures that are using the nano-cluster specific mechanisms to accelerate separation of the transmutation products and place them into a drain liquid, which improves the separation of minor actinides, and radioisotopes production. 3) Nano-hetero structures for direct nuclear energy conversion into electricity, that are resembling a supercapacitor, charged by the moving nuclear particles, and discharges delivering electricity, where the structure is made of repetitive conductive and insulating layers, generically known as “CIci”, some of the variants creating hyperbolic metamaterials, that may deliver electricity and radiation. Using these structures, one may eliminate the thermos-mechanical stage from the actual nuclear-thermo-mechano-electric energy conversion cycle, reducing it at nuclear-electric only and reducing the size of nuclear-electric plant by 90%, creating a fission battery. 4) Radiation damage self-repairing materials made of a “fractal”, multi-material interlaced structure that maintains its properties constant independent of radiation dose. These materials will be used for cladding and structures allowing a near-perfect burning, using breed & burn technology. 5) Radiation guiding structures that are using nano-structures to trap and guide radiation on desired controllable path being used for control systems assuring a micro-second response time, and light shielding allowing the creation of mobile structures.
{"title":"Nuclear Power Renaissance Based on Engineered Micro-Nano-Nuclear Materials","authors":"L. Popa-Simil","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.134B007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.134B007","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear Power today is in stagnation with a fleet of 440 operational units, due to many drawback factors, as economics, safety, controllability and response time, security and waste management, which all together act as a deterrent to new reactor construction. If the present trend is followed, together with aging of many nuclear plants, by 2040 there will remain less than half of the actual reactors in operation, representing an accelerated decay of the industry. The idea of renaissance of nuclear power is more frequent, but this is not possible without the use of novel materials, based on nano-engineered structures. It is well known that Damascus swords were not possible without the use of Damascus steel, and so the next nuclear technology is not possible without the use of novel micro-nano nuclear materials, which finally dictates the performances of the nuclear structures built with them. As a first approach to modern technology, since 1980s, five types of nuclear materials, able to bring a leap forward in nuclear technology have been identified and studied, which are: 1) Micro-hetero structures able to deal with fission products, that use fission reaction kinematics to self-separate fission products from the nuclear fuel, generically called “Cer-Liq-Mesh”, because simply it consists of a ceramic material stabilized on an elastic mesh or felt, immersed into a drain liquid. This improves the radiation damage, fuel burnup, fission products separation, and specific power density. 2) Nano-Beaded-Hetero-Structures that are using the nano-cluster specific mechanisms to accelerate separation of the transmutation products and place them into a drain liquid, which improves the separation of minor actinides, and radioisotopes production. 3) Nano-hetero structures for direct nuclear energy conversion into electricity, that are resembling a supercapacitor, charged by the moving nuclear particles, and discharges delivering electricity, where the structure is made of repetitive conductive and insulating layers, generically known as “CIci”, some of the variants creating hyperbolic metamaterials, that may deliver electricity and radiation. Using these structures, one may eliminate the thermos-mechanical stage from the actual nuclear-thermo-mechano-electric energy conversion cycle, reducing it at nuclear-electric only and reducing the size of nuclear-electric plant by 90%, creating a fission battery. 4) Radiation damage self-repairing materials made of a “fractal”, multi-material interlaced structure that maintains its properties constant independent of radiation dose. These materials will be used for cladding and structures allowing a near-perfect burning, using breed & burn technology. 5) Radiation guiding structures that are using nano-structures to trap and guide radiation on desired controllable path being used for control systems assuring a micro-second response time, and light shielding allowing the creation of mobile structures.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79563112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-08DOI: 10.4236/EPE.2021.134B006
M. Hussain, Ali Zohair, U. Saeed, S. Mirsaeidi, Sijia Wang
The smart grid transfers electricity from power utilities to the customers’ end using full-duplex digital communication technology and helps us to control the home appliances and factory machines to save electricity while reducing costs and increasing reliability and transparency. So, in order to ensure the grid reliability, we need to monitor and control the smart me-ters by means of data transfer and command signals on the single power line without using any other communication media to improve the cost-effectiveness of the proposed study. This paper proposes a hardware implementation of a Power Line Communication (PLC) protocol named Open Smart Grid Protocol (OSGP). This protocol is based on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. The proposed system comprises monitoring and controlling server (Lap-top/Desktop), power line communication modem, two PIC18f4520 microcontrollers, one energy meter and power line as transmission media. This protocol is first implemented on a server in C-sharp by using the OSI model approach, and then on micro-controllers in order to control the energy meter. The power line communication modem is used to send and receive the data between the server and the energy meter. Finally, results are presented to validate the hardware implementation of the protocol.
智能电网使用全双工数字通信技术将电力从电力公司转移到客户端，并帮助我们控制家用电器和工厂机器，以节省电力，同时降低成本，提高可靠性和透明度。因此，为了保证电网的可靠性，我们需要通过单根电力线上的数据传输和命令信号来对智能电表进行监测和控制，而不使用任何其他通信介质，以提高本研究的成本效益。本文提出了电力线通信(PLC)协议开放智能电网协议(OSGP)的硬件实现方案。该协议基于OSI (Open System Interconnection)模型。本系统由监控服务器(笔记本/台式)、电力线通信调制解调器、2个PIC18f4520单片机、1个电能表和电力线作为传输介质组成。该协议首先通过使用OSI模型方法在C-sharp服务器上实现，然后在微控制器上实现，以控制电能表。电力线通信调制解调器用于服务器与电能表之间的数据收发。最后给出了协议硬件实现的验证结果。
{"title":"Smart Grid Communication Using Open Smart Grid Protocol","authors":"M. Hussain, Ali Zohair, U. Saeed, S. Mirsaeidi, Sijia Wang","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.134B006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.134B006","url":null,"abstract":"The smart grid transfers electricity from power utilities to the customers’ end using full-duplex digital communication technology and helps us to control the home appliances and factory machines to save electricity while reducing costs and increasing reliability and transparency. So, in order to ensure the grid reliability, we need to monitor and control the smart me-ters by means of data transfer and command signals on the single power line without using any other communication media to improve the cost-effectiveness of the proposed study. This paper proposes a hardware implementation of a Power Line Communication (PLC) protocol named Open Smart Grid Protocol (OSGP). This protocol is based on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. The proposed system comprises monitoring and controlling server (Lap-top/Desktop), power line communication modem, two PIC18f4520 microcontrollers, one energy meter and power line as transmission media. This protocol is first implemented on a server in C-sharp by using the OSI model approach, and then on micro-controllers in order to control the energy meter. The power line communication modem is used to send and receive the data between the server and the energy meter. Finally, results are presented to validate the hardware implementation of the protocol.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73571135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the vigorous growth of animal husbandry, animal feces in the agriculture sector gradually deteriorate the environment. The chicken manure power generation is becoming viable and useful for energy conversion to comply with the context of environmental protection in China. Based on resource endowments and technical conditions, this paper studies the current situation of chicken manure power generation in China. Combined with the policy environment, the research conducts a PEST-SWOT matrix analysis to thoroughly look into the strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities and challenges. Then, the paper analyzes the distribution of chicken manure and gives some solutions from respects of government regulatory behavior, industrial-organizational behavior and corporation strategic behavior. Finally, it is concluded that: 1) the government should strengthen policy support by actively improving the subsidy mechanism and lowering the threshold of financing and credit; 2) enterprises should focus on improving power generation technology and boiler treatment technology.
{"title":"Focus on the Chicken Manure Power Generation in China: How to Promote the Biomass Waste Industry?","authors":"Han Li, Pinjie Xie, Chao Wang, Mu Zhuowen","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.134009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.134009","url":null,"abstract":"With the vigorous growth of animal husbandry, animal feces in the agriculture sector gradually deteriorate the environment. The chicken manure power generation is becoming viable and useful for energy conversion to comply with the context of environmental protection in China. Based on resource endowments and technical conditions, this paper studies the current situation of chicken manure power generation in China. Combined with the policy environment, the research conducts a PEST-SWOT matrix analysis to thoroughly look into the strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities and challenges. Then, the paper analyzes the distribution of chicken manure and gives some solutions from respects of government regulatory behavior, industrial-organizational behavior and corporation strategic behavior. Finally, it is concluded that: 1) the government should strengthen policy support by actively improving the subsidy mechanism and lowering the threshold of financing and credit; 2) enterprises should focus on improving power generation technology and boiler treatment technology.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84093775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. M. Dinganga, Y. T. Muamba, C. T. Mambote, A. M. Mukaya, J. L. Nzunzu, V. S. Temo, H. M. Katshiatshia
In this study, the principal objective is to compare the performances of an air-cooled one cylinder, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine using the blends (5% by volume B5, 10% by volume B10) of diesel and biodiesels derived respectively from palm oil, castor oil and raphia sese De Wild oil with pure diesel. All the biodiesels used in this work come from the plant species of the democratic republic of Congo as listed above. The engine performances (power, torque and brake specific consumption) at different engine speeds were determined at both full and partial loads. According to experimental results, the increments in the power output and torque when the mixtures of diesel and biodiesels were used and were observed. On the other side, the specific fuel consumption of the mixtures is higher than that of pure diesel although the calculated lower heating values are almost within the same range for the all studied fuels. Finally, in partial load 1/1, pure diesel blended with biodiesels B5 derived from castor oil presented high specific brake consumption values compared to the other fuels while B10 from the same oil presents low brake specific consumption values for power greater than 3.2 kW.
在这项研究中，主要目的是比较使用混合柴油(5%体积B5, 10%体积B10)和生物柴油(分别来自棕榈油，蓖麻油和raphia sese De Wild油)与纯柴油的风冷单缸四冲程直喷柴油发动机的性能。这项工作中使用的所有生物柴油都来自上面列出的刚果民主共和国的植物物种。在满载和部分负荷下，测定了不同发动机转速下的发动机性能(功率、扭矩和制动比耗)。根据实验结果，观察了柴油和生物柴油混合使用时发动机输出功率和扭矩的增量。另一方面，混合燃料的比油耗高于纯柴油，尽管计算出的低热值几乎在所有研究燃料的相同范围内。最后，在部分负载1/1时，与其他燃料相比，混合了从蓖麻油中提取的生物柴油B5的纯柴油具有较高的制动比消耗值，而从相同油中提取的B10在功率大于3.2 kW时具有较低的制动比消耗值。
{"title":"Comparative Study of Performances of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginefueled with Pure Diesel and Blends of Biodiesels/Pure Diesel","authors":"H. M. Dinganga, Y. T. Muamba, C. T. Mambote, A. M. Mukaya, J. L. Nzunzu, V. S. Temo, H. M. Katshiatshia","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.133008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.133008","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the principal objective is to compare the performances of an air-cooled one cylinder, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine using the blends (5% by volume B5, 10% by volume B10) of diesel and biodiesels derived respectively from palm oil, castor oil and raphia sese De Wild oil with pure diesel. All the biodiesels used in this work come from the plant species of the democratic republic of Congo as listed above. The engine performances (power, torque and brake specific consumption) at different engine speeds were determined at both full and partial loads. According to experimental results, the increments in the power output and torque when the mixtures of diesel and biodiesels were used and were observed. On the other side, the specific fuel consumption of the mixtures is higher than that of pure diesel although the calculated lower heating values are almost within the same range for the all studied fuels. Finally, in partial load 1/1, pure diesel blended with biodiesels B5 derived from castor oil presented high specific brake consumption values compared to the other fuels while B10 from the same oil presents low brake specific consumption values for power greater than 3.2 kW.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83917146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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