This paper presents a detailed design of a photovoltaic (PV) system for use in the rural electrification of remote settlements that are far off from the electricity grid. Since investment in building transmission lines from the grid to these localities is not viable, a good solution is an installation in these areas of standalone photovoltaic systems. The design process comprises the choice and dimensioning of the solar panels, the battery storage, DC-AC inverter, and mini transmission grid to the different homes. The design is for a 15 kW PV system including an economic evaluation and analysis using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software. Data on the average monthly solar radiation and temperature were obtained from various sources, including, Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) for Africa. From this data the study area receives a monthly average solar insolation of 6.16 kWh/m2/day with the worst month being August with 5.22 kWh/m2/day. The total daily electrical energy consumption is estimated to be about 72.525 kWh. Simulation results using HOMER software shows that the overall capital cost of the PV system components is $122,337, a replacement cost of $12,889 and an operation and maintenance cost of $29,946 over 10years. A financial analysis of the system showed that the design was both viable and sustainable with low maintenance cost.
{"title":"Design of a Photovoltaic Mini-Grid System for Rural Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"E. Mbinkar, D. Asoh, R. Tchuidjan, A. Baldeh","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.133007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.133007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a detailed design of a photovoltaic (PV) system for use in the rural electrification of remote settlements that are far off from the electricity grid. Since investment in building transmission lines from the grid to these localities is not viable, a good solution is an installation in these areas of standalone photovoltaic systems. The design process comprises the choice and dimensioning of the solar panels, the battery storage, DC-AC inverter, and mini transmission grid to the different homes. The design is for a 15 kW PV system including an economic evaluation and analysis using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software. Data on the average monthly solar radiation and temperature were obtained from various sources, including, Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) for Africa. From this data the study area receives a monthly average solar insolation of 6.16 kWh/m2/day with the worst month being August with 5.22 kWh/m2/day. The total daily electrical energy consumption is estimated to be about 72.525 kWh. Simulation results using HOMER software shows that the overall capital cost of the PV system components is $122,337, a replacement cost of $12,889 and an operation and maintenance cost of $29,946 over 10years. A financial analysis of the system showed that the design was both viable and sustainable with low maintenance cost.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83208683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Al-Agtash, Asma Alkhraibat, Mohamadian Hashem, Nisrein Al-Mutlaq
Microgrid (MG) systems effectively integrate a generation mix of solar, wind, and other renewable energy resources. The intermittent nature of renewable resources and the unpredictable weather conditions contribute largely to the unreliability of microgrid real-time operation. This paper investigates the behavior of microgrid for different intermittent scenarios of photovoltaic generation in real-time. Reactive power coordination control and load shedding mechanisms are used for reliable operation and are implemented using OPAL-RT simulator integrated with Matlab. In an islanded MG, load shedding can be an effective mechanism to maintain generation-load balance. The microgrid of the German Jordanian University (GJU) is used for illustration. The results show that reactive power coordination control not only stabilizes the MG operation in real-time but also reduces power losses on transmission lines. The results also show that the power losses at some substations are reduced by a range of 6% - 9.8%.
{"title":"Real-Time Operation of Microgrids","authors":"S. Al-Agtash, Asma Alkhraibat, Mohamadian Hashem, Nisrein Al-Mutlaq","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.131004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.131004","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrid (MG) systems effectively integrate a generation mix of solar, wind, and other renewable energy resources. The intermittent nature of renewable resources and the unpredictable weather conditions contribute largely to the unreliability of microgrid real-time operation. This paper investigates the behavior of microgrid for different intermittent scenarios of photovoltaic generation in real-time. Reactive power coordination control and load shedding mechanisms are used for reliable operation and are implemented using OPAL-RT simulator integrated with Matlab. In an islanded MG, load shedding can be an effective mechanism to maintain generation-load balance. The microgrid of the German Jordanian University (GJU) is used for illustration. The results show that reactive power coordination control not only stabilizes the MG operation in real-time but also reduces power losses on transmission lines. The results also show that the power losses at some substations are reduced by a range of 6% - 9.8%.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89404865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates theoretically the behavior of the space charge region of a silicon solar cell and its associated capacitance under the effect of an external electric field. The purpose of this work is to show that under illumination the solar cell’s space charge region width varies with both operating point and the external induced electric field and how the solar cell capacitance varies with the space charge region width. Based on a 1D modelling of the quasi-neutral p-base, the space charge region width is determined and the associated capacitance is calculated taking into account the external electric field and the junction dynamic velocity. Based on the above calculations and simulations conducted with Mathcad, we confirmed the linear dependence of the inverse capacitance with space charge region width for thin space charge region and we exhibit an exponential dependence for large space charge region.
{"title":"Silicon Solar Cell Space Charge Region and Capacitance Behavior under Electric Field","authors":"B. Zouma, F. I. Barro, Prince Abdoul Aziz Honadia","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.131003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.131003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates theoretically the behavior of the space charge region of a silicon solar cell and its associated capacitance under the effect of an external electric field. The purpose of this work is to show that under illumination the solar cell’s space charge region width varies with both operating point and the external induced electric field and how the solar cell capacitance varies with the space charge region width. Based on a 1D modelling of the quasi-neutral p-base, the space charge region width is determined and the associated capacitance is calculated taking into account the external electric field and the junction dynamic velocity. Based on the above calculations and simulations conducted with Mathcad, we confirmed the linear dependence of the inverse capacitance with space charge region width for thin space charge region and we exhibit an exponential dependence for large space charge region.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72650026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an optimal proposed allocating procedure for hybrid wind energy combined with proton exchange membrane fuel cell (WE/PEMFC) system to improve the operation performance of the electrical distribution system (EDS). Egypt has an excellent wind regime with wind speeds of about 10 m/s at many areas. The disadvantage of wind energy is its seasonal variations. So, if wind power is to supply a significant portion of the demand, either backup power or electrical energy storage (EES) system is needed to ensure that loads will be supplied in reliable way. So, the hybrid WE/PEMFC system is designed to completely supply a part of the Egyptian distribution system, in attempt to isolate it from the grid. However, the optimal allocation of the hybrid units is obtained, in order to enhance their benefits in the distribution networks. The critical buses that are necessary to install the hybrid WE/ PEMFC system, are chosen using sensitivity analysis. Then, the binary Crow search algorithm (BCSA), discrete Jaya algorithm (DJA) and binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) techniques are proposed to determine the optimal operation of power systems using single and multi-objective functions (SOF/MOF). Then, the results of the three optimization techniques are compared with each other. Three sensitivity factors are employed in this paper, which are voltage sensitivity factor (VSF), active losses sensitivity factor (ALSF) and reactive losses sensitivity factor (RLSF). The effects of the sensitivity factors (SFs) on the SOF/MOF are studied. The improvement of voltage profile and minimizing active and reactive power losses of the EDS are considered as objective functions. Backward/forward sweep (BFS) method is used for the load flow calculations. The system load demand is predicted up to year 2022 for Mersi-Matrouh City as a part of Egyptian distribution network, and the design of the hybrid WE/PEMFC system is applied. The PEMFC system is designed considering simplified mathematical expressions. The economics of operation of both WE and PEMFC system are also presented. The results prove the capability of the proposed procedure to find the optimal allocation for the hybrid WE/PEMFC system to improve the system voltage profile and to minimize both active and reactive power losses for the EDS of Mersi-Matrough City.
{"title":"Optimal Allocation of a Hybrid Wind Energy-Fuel Cell System Using Different Optimization Techniques in the Egyptian Distribution Network","authors":"A. El-Ela, S. Allam, N. Shehata","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.131002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.131002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an optimal proposed allocating procedure for hybrid wind energy combined with proton exchange membrane fuel cell (WE/PEMFC) system to improve the operation performance of the electrical distribution system (EDS). Egypt has an excellent wind regime with wind speeds of about 10 m/s at many areas. The disadvantage of wind energy is its seasonal variations. So, if wind power is to supply a significant portion of the demand, either backup power or electrical energy storage (EES) system is needed to ensure that loads will be supplied in reliable way. So, the hybrid WE/PEMFC system is designed to completely supply a part of the Egyptian distribution system, in attempt to isolate it from the grid. However, the optimal allocation of the hybrid units is obtained, in order to enhance their benefits in the distribution networks. The critical buses that are necessary to install the hybrid WE/ PEMFC system, are chosen using sensitivity analysis. Then, the binary Crow search algorithm (BCSA), discrete Jaya algorithm (DJA) and binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) techniques are proposed to determine the optimal operation of power systems using single and multi-objective functions (SOF/MOF). Then, the results of the three optimization techniques are compared with each other. Three sensitivity factors are employed in this paper, which are voltage sensitivity factor (VSF), active losses sensitivity factor (ALSF) and reactive losses sensitivity factor (RLSF). The effects of the sensitivity factors (SFs) on the SOF/MOF are studied. The improvement of voltage profile and minimizing active and reactive power losses of the EDS are considered as objective functions. Backward/forward sweep (BFS) method is used for the load flow calculations. The system load demand is predicted up to year 2022 for Mersi-Matrouh City as a part of Egyptian distribution network, and the design of the hybrid WE/PEMFC system is applied. The PEMFC system is designed considering simplified mathematical expressions. The economics of operation of both WE and PEMFC system are also presented. The results prove the capability of the proposed procedure to find the optimal allocation for the hybrid WE/PEMFC system to improve the system voltage profile and to minimize both active and reactive power losses for the EDS of Mersi-Matrough City.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82155225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yomi Woro Gounkaou, T. Daho, Ali Diané, G. Vaitilingom, B. Piriou, J. Valette, O. Sanogo, A. Béré
This work focuses on blending Jatropha oil with diesel fuel and heptane to improve its physico-chemical characteristics for production of blends and their use as fuel in a diesel engine. The influence of the heptane content was evaluated by comparing the results obtained from the engine (performance and combustion parameters) with those of the diesel fuel and straight Jatropha oil. The results obtained show an improvement in engine performance especially at low loads. Specifically, a reduction in the specific fuel consumption of the engine is obtained when the heptane content in the mixture is around 10% compared to that obtained with pure Jatropha oil. The best results were obtained with the blend containing 70% Jatropha oil, 20% diesel fuel and 10% heptane (J70G20H10). Overall engine efficiency and exhaust gas temperatures are comparable for all fuels tested. Engine combustion parameters are improved with J70G20H10. The results obtained with J70G20H10 are close to those of the engine operating on diesel fuel. The cyclic dispersion is low with coefficients of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP) whose values are less than 10%. The lowest values of the COVIMEP are obtained with the blend J70G20H10.
{"title":"Experimental Study on Performance and Combustion Analysis of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel and Jatropha Oil Blended with Heptane","authors":"Yomi Woro Gounkaou, T. Daho, Ali Diané, G. Vaitilingom, B. Piriou, J. Valette, O. Sanogo, A. Béré","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.131001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.131001","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on blending Jatropha oil with diesel fuel and heptane to improve its physico-chemical characteristics for production of blends and their use as fuel in a diesel engine. The influence of the heptane content was evaluated by comparing the results obtained from the engine (performance and combustion parameters) with those of the diesel fuel and straight Jatropha oil. The results obtained show an improvement in engine performance especially at low loads. Specifically, a reduction in the specific fuel consumption of the engine is obtained when the heptane content in the mixture is around 10% compared to that obtained with pure Jatropha oil. The best results were obtained with the blend containing 70% Jatropha oil, 20% diesel fuel and 10% heptane (J70G20H10). Overall engine efficiency and exhaust gas temperatures are comparable for all fuels tested. Engine combustion parameters are improved with J70G20H10. The results obtained with J70G20H10 are close to those of the engine operating on diesel fuel. The cyclic dispersion is low with coefficients of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP) whose values are less than 10%. The lowest values of the COVIMEP are obtained with the blend J70G20H10.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74665615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/epe.2021.1312027
A. Diene, Mamadou Lamine Lo, A. Sène, Ablaye Fame, Youssou Traoré, S. Faye, I. Diagne, Mamadou Babacar Ndiaye, G. Sissoko
The study is carried out in imperfect contact with a concrete slab wall attached to a panel based on rice straw compressed in a dynamic frequency regime. We will propose the characterization of thermal insulation for thermal resistance of contact (x = 0.05 m). The impact of heat exchange coefficients on the front face (x = 0 m) and the rear face (x = 0.1 m) on these resistors is shown.
{"title":"Influence of Heat Exchange Coefficients on Both Optimized Thermal Contact (OTCR) and Critical (CTCR) Resistances at the Contact Interface of a Flat Concrete Slab and a Rice Straw Board","authors":"A. Diene, Mamadou Lamine Lo, A. Sène, Ablaye Fame, Youssou Traoré, S. Faye, I. Diagne, Mamadou Babacar Ndiaye, G. Sissoko","doi":"10.4236/epe.2021.1312027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2021.1312027","url":null,"abstract":"The study is carried out in imperfect contact with a concrete slab wall attached to a panel based on rice straw compressed in a dynamic frequency regime. We will propose the characterization of thermal insulation for thermal resistance of contact (x = 0.05 m). The impact of heat exchange coefficients on the front face (x = 0 m) and the rear face (x = 0.1 m) on these resistors is shown.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84952085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/epe.2021.1312026
Salick Diagne, Abdou Karim Farota, Ognadon Assogba, B. Diop, T. Val
We find nowadays in several fields of application the presence of IoT technology such as wireless sensor and actuator networks. In this technology, one of the main points of study is the management of energy consumption. In this article, we provide a solar energy harvesting and storage system for powering wireless nodes. The system we propose uses a low power solar pane a P & O control adapted to fuzzy logic for the MPPT. For energy storage, we used the supercapacitor technology. The simulation of the models shows better results than using the P & O command for an autonomous power supply of the wireless communicating nodes in the study region.
{"title":"Solar Energy Recovery and Storage System for Powering Wireless Communicating Nodes","authors":"Salick Diagne, Abdou Karim Farota, Ognadon Assogba, B. Diop, T. Val","doi":"10.4236/epe.2021.1312026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2021.1312026","url":null,"abstract":"We find nowadays in several fields of application the presence of IoT technology such as wireless sensor and actuator networks. In this technology, one of the main points of study is the management of energy consumption. In this article, we provide a solar energy harvesting and storage system for powering wireless nodes. The system we propose uses a low power solar pane a P & O control adapted to fuzzy logic for the MPPT. For energy storage, we used the supercapacitor technology. The simulation of the models shows better results than using the P & O command for an autonomous power supply of the wireless communicating nodes in the study region.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81987611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/EPE.2021.134B001
Xi’an
Generalized S-transform is a time-frequency analysis method which has higher resolution than S-transform. It can precisely extract the time-amplitude characteristics of different frequency components in the signal. In this paper, a novel protection method for VSC-HVDC (Voltage source converter based high voltage DC) based on Generalized S-transform is proposed. Firstly, extracting frequency component of fault current by Generalized S-transform and using mutation point of high frequency to determine the fault time. Secondly, using the zero-frequency component of fault current to eliminate disturbances. Finally, the polarity of sudden change currents in the two terminals is employed to discriminate the internal and external faults. Simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB show that the proposed method can distinguish faults accurately and effectively.
{"title":"A Protection Method of VSC-HVDC Cables Based on Generalized S-Transform","authors":"Xi’an","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.134B001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.134B001","url":null,"abstract":"Generalized S-transform is a time-frequency analysis method which has higher resolution than S-transform. It can precisely extract the time-amplitude characteristics of different frequency components in the signal. In this paper, a novel protection method for VSC-HVDC (Voltage source converter based high voltage DC) based on Generalized S-transform is proposed. Firstly, extracting frequency component of fault current by Generalized S-transform and using mutation point of high frequency to determine the fault time. Secondly, using the zero-frequency component of fault current to eliminate disturbances. Finally, the polarity of sudden change currents in the two terminals is employed to discriminate the internal and external faults. Simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC and MATLAB show that the proposed method can distinguish faults accurately and effectively.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87135032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bognini Y. Lucien, Prof. Jean Bosco Byiringiro, B. Abraham, Gnoumou B. Aristide, Kambou Célestin
{"title":"Evaluation of the Criteria in the Choice of Energy Storage or Non-Storage in Photovoltaic Systems in the Sahelian Zone","authors":"Bognini Y. Lucien, Prof. Jean Bosco Byiringiro, B. Abraham, Gnoumou B. Aristide, Kambou Célestin","doi":"10.4236/EPE.2021.136016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/EPE.2021.136016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80689727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4236/epe.2021.1312032
El Hadji Abdoulaye Niass, Papa Touty Traore, Awa Dieye, Oumar Absatou Niasse, P. Tavarez, N. Mbengue, Z. Makir, Z. Sofiani, B. Ba
The aim of this article is to study the effects of the shading rate on the electrical performance parameters of CIGS PV modules. The study concerns a new flexible CIGS type photovoltaic module with a power of 90 W, manufac-tured by the company Shenzhen Shine Solar Co., Ltd. This module, reference SN-CIGS90, is tested under the initial conditions to ensure its correct operation and to determine the initial values of the electrical parameters before shading. After this characterization test, the module is exposed under the actual operating conditions of the Renewable Energies Study and Research Center (CERER), located in Dakar, then 4 types of shading are performed with the same mask: partial shading 25% partial shading, 50% partial shading, 75% partial shading, and 100% full shading. The variation rates obtained on the experimental values of the 4 types of shading carried out determine that the shading phenomenon constitutes a factor that influences negatively on the electrical parameters of a CIGS-based PV module. Indeed, for 25% of the surface of the shaded module, there is a reduction of 58.139% of the maximum power and of 60.507% of the efficiency and for shading of 100%, the module loses 84.436% of its maximum power and 84.135% of its performance.
{"title":"Effects of the Shading Rate on the Electrical Parameters of CIGS-Based Solar Modules","authors":"El Hadji Abdoulaye Niass, Papa Touty Traore, Awa Dieye, Oumar Absatou Niasse, P. Tavarez, N. Mbengue, Z. Makir, Z. Sofiani, B. Ba","doi":"10.4236/epe.2021.1312032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2021.1312032","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to study the effects of the shading rate on the electrical performance parameters of CIGS PV modules. The study concerns a new flexible CIGS type photovoltaic module with a power of 90 W, manufac-tured by the company Shenzhen Shine Solar Co., Ltd. This module, reference SN-CIGS90, is tested under the initial conditions to ensure its correct operation and to determine the initial values of the electrical parameters before shading. After this characterization test, the module is exposed under the actual operating conditions of the Renewable Energies Study and Research Center (CERER), located in Dakar, then 4 types of shading are performed with the same mask: partial shading 25% partial shading, 50% partial shading, 75% partial shading, and 100% full shading. The variation rates obtained on the experimental values of the 4 types of shading carried out determine that the shading phenomenon constitutes a factor that influences negatively on the electrical parameters of a CIGS-based PV module. Indeed, for 25% of the surface of the shaded module, there is a reduction of 58.139% of the maximum power and of 60.507% of the efficiency and for shading of 100%, the module loses 84.436% of its maximum power and 84.135% of its performance.","PeriodicalId":62938,"journal":{"name":"能源与动力工程(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88589958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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