T. Darré, Mazamaesso Tchaou, T. Djiwa, Essossinam L. Tcharié, L. Brun, F. Gbeasor-Komlanvi, B. N'timon, A. Amadou, P. Simgban, D. Ekouevi, G. Napo-koura
Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women around the world. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes about breast cancer screening among students in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Lome. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive transversal study conducted among students enrolled in the Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS) of the University of Lome (UL) in the 2019 school year account 2020. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of medical students about breast cancer screening. Results: In total, the questionnaire was completed by 934 students, for a response rate of 57.1%. The most frequently mentioned risk factors were the presence of a family history of breast cancer (n = 799, 85.55%) and the use of oral or injectable contraceptives (n = 606, 64.88%). There is a statistically significant link between the participants’ knowledge of the self-examination and clinical examination of the breasts and certain socio-demographic characteristics, namely age (OR = 0.2, 95% CI [0.11 - 0.75], p-value 0.0001), the level of study (OR = 1.5, 95% CI [0.55 - 2.46], p-value = 0.0054), the follow-up of a course on breast cancer (OR = 2.63, 95% CI [0.32 - 4.33], p-value = 0.009) and the effectiveness of an internship in a gynecology-obstetrics department (OR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.49 - 2.56], p-value 0.0001). Similarly, there is a statistically significant link between participants’ knowledge of mammography and certain socio-demographic characteristics, namely age (OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.50 - 0.84], p-value = 0.0005), the level of study (OR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.11 - 3.46], p-value 0.0001), the follow-up of a course or training on breast cancer (OR = 2.44, 95% CI [0.08 - 3.91], p-value 0.0001) and the effectiveness of an internship in a gynecology-obstetrics department (OR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.33 - 0.85], p-value Conclusion: Knowledge and attitudes related to breast cancer screening have been found to be generally satisfactory to medical students. Active measures are needed to develop educational programs for health personnel, which could enable them to disseminate knowledge and positively influence patient attitudes.
{"title":"Breast Cancer: Knowledge, Attitudes on Risk Factors and Means of Screening by Medical Students from Lomé, Togo","authors":"T. Darré, Mazamaesso Tchaou, T. Djiwa, Essossinam L. Tcharié, L. Brun, F. Gbeasor-Komlanvi, B. N'timon, A. Amadou, P. Simgban, D. Ekouevi, G. Napo-koura","doi":"10.4236/abcr.2020.94011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abcr.2020.94011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women \u0000around the world. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and \u0000attitudes about breast cancer screening among students in the Faculty of Health \u0000Sciences at the University of Lome. Methods: This was a prospective \u0000descriptive transversal study conducted among students enrolled in the Faculty \u0000of Health Sciences (FSS) of the University of Lome (UL) in the 2019 school year \u0000account 2020. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and \u0000attitudes of medical students about breast cancer screening. Results: In \u0000total, the questionnaire was completed by 934 students, for a response rate of \u000057.1%. The most frequently mentioned risk \u0000factors were the presence of a family history of breast cancer (n = 799, \u000085.55%) and the use of oral or injectable contraceptives (n = 606, 64.88%). \u0000There is a statistically significant link between the participants’ knowledge \u0000of the self-examination and clinical examination of the breasts and certain \u0000socio-demographic characteristics, namely age (OR = 0.2, 95% CI [0.11 - 0.75], p-value 0.0001), the level of study (OR = 1.5, 95% CI [0.55 - 2.46], p-value = 0.0054), the follow-up of a course on breast cancer (OR \u0000= 2.63, 95% CI [0.32 - 4.33], p-value = 0.009) and the effectiveness of an \u0000internship in a gynecology-obstetrics department (OR = 0.77, \u000095% CI [0.49 - 2.56], p-value 0.0001). \u0000Similarly, there is a statistically significant link between participants’ \u0000knowledge of mammography and certain socio-demographic characteristics, namely \u0000age (OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.50 - 0.84], p-value = 0.0005), \u0000the level of study (OR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.11 - 3.46], \u0000p-value 0.0001), the follow-up of a course or training on breast cancer (OR = 2.44, 95% \u0000CI [0.08 - 3.91], p-value 0.0001) and \u0000the effectiveness of an internship in a gynecology-obstetrics department (OR = 0.62, \u000095% CI [0.33 - 0.85], p-value Conclusion: Knowledge and attitudes related to breast cancer screening \u0000have been found to be generally satisfactory to medical students. Active \u0000measures are needed to develop educational programs for health personnel, which \u0000could enable them to disseminate knowledge and positively influence patient \u0000attitudes.","PeriodicalId":67095,"journal":{"name":"乳腺癌(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43260016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01Epub Date: 2015-01-09DOI: 10.4236/abcr.2015.41001
Laith R Sultan, Ghizlane Bouzghar, Benjamin J Levenback, Nauroze A Faizi, Santosh S Venkatesh, Emily F Conant, Chandra M Sehgal
Objective: Computer classification of sonographic BI-RADS features can aid differentiation of the malignant and benign masses. However, the variability in the diagnosis due to the differences in the observed features between the observations is not known. The goal of this study is to measure the variation in sonographic features between multiple observations and determine the effect of features variation on computer-aided diagnosis of the breast masses.
Materials and methods: Ultrasound images of biopsy proven solid breast masses were analyzed in three independent observations for BI-RADS sonographic features. The BI-RADS features from each observation were used with Bayes classifier to determine probability of malignancy. The observer agreement in the sonographic features was measured by kappa coefficient and the difference in the diagnostic performances between observations was determined by the area under the ROC curve, Az, and interclass correlation coefficient.
Results: While some features were repeatedly observed, κ = 0.95, other showed a significant variation, κ = 0.16. For all features, combined intra-observer agreement was substantial, κ = 0.77. The agreement, however, decreased steadily to 0.66 and 0.56 as time between the observations increased from 1 to 2 and 3 months, respectively. Despite the variation in features between observations the probabilities of malignancy estimates from Bayes classifier were robust and consistently yielded same level of diagnostic performance, Az was 0.772 - 0.817 for sonographic features alone and 0.828 - 0.849 for sonographic features and age combined. The difference in the performance, ΔAz, between the observations for the two groups was small (0.003 - 0.044) and was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Interclass correlation coefficient for the observations was 0.822 (CI: 0.787 - 0.853) for BI-RADS sonographic features alone and for those combined with age was 0.833 (CI: 0.800 - 0.862).
Conclusion: Despite the differences in the BI- RADS sonographic features between different observations, the diagnostic performance of computer-aided analysis for differentiating breast masses did not change. Through continual retraining, the computer-aided analysis provides consistent diagnostic performance independent of the variations in the observed sonographic features.
{"title":"Observer Variability in BI-RADS Ultrasound Features and Its Influence on Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Masses.","authors":"Laith R Sultan, Ghizlane Bouzghar, Benjamin J Levenback, Nauroze A Faizi, Santosh S Venkatesh, Emily F Conant, Chandra M Sehgal","doi":"10.4236/abcr.2015.41001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abcr.2015.41001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Computer classification of sonographic BI-RADS features can aid differentiation of the malignant and benign masses. However, the variability in the diagnosis due to the differences in the observed features between the observations is not known. The goal of this study is to measure the variation in sonographic features between multiple observations and determine the effect of features variation on computer-aided diagnosis of the breast masses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ultrasound images of biopsy proven solid breast masses were analyzed in three independent observations for BI-RADS sonographic features. The BI-RADS features from each observation were used with Bayes classifier to determine probability of malignancy. The observer agreement in the sonographic features was measured by kappa coefficient and the difference in the diagnostic performances between observations was determined by the area under the ROC curve, A<sub>z</sub>, and interclass correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While some features were repeatedly observed, <i>κ</i> = 0.95, other showed a significant variation, <i>κ</i> = 0.16. For all features, combined intra-observer agreement was substantial, <i>κ</i> = 0.77. The agreement, however, decreased steadily to 0.66 and 0.56 as time between the observations increased from 1 to 2 and 3 months, respectively. Despite the variation in features between observations the probabilities of malignancy estimates from Bayes classifier were robust and consistently yielded same level of diagnostic performance, A<sub>z</sub> was 0.772 - 0.817 for sonographic features alone and 0.828 - 0.849 for sonographic features and age combined. The difference in the performance, ΔA<sub>z</sub>, between the observations for the two groups was small (0.003 - 0.044) and was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Interclass correlation coefficient for the observations was 0.822 (CI: 0.787 - 0.853) for BI-RADS sonographic features alone and for those combined with age was 0.833 (CI: 0.800 - 0.862).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the differences in the BI- RADS sonographic features between different observations, the diagnostic performance of computer-aided analysis for differentiating breast masses did not change. Through continual retraining, the computer-aided analysis provides consistent diagnostic performance independent of the variations in the observed sonographic features.</p>","PeriodicalId":67095,"journal":{"name":"乳腺癌(英文)","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8298005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39220421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela R Starkweather, Debra E Lyon, R K Elswick, Alison Montpetit, Yvette Conley, Nancy L McCain
Aims: To examine how symptom cluster subgroups defined by extreme discordant composite scores, cut-off scores, or a median split influence statistical associations with peripheral cytokine levels in women with breast cancer.
Background: Systemic cytokine dysregulation has been posited as a potential biological mechanism underlying symptom clusters in women with breast cancer. Symptom characteristics may play an important role in identifying cytokines of significant etiological importance, however, there is no consensus regarding the ideal subgrouping technique to use.
Design: A secondary analysis of data collected from a cross-sectional descriptive study of women with stage I-II breast cancer was used to examine and compare the relationships between peripheral cytokine levels and symptom subgroups defined by extreme discordant composite scores, cut-off scores, or a median split.
Methods: Participant symptom scores were transformed into a composite score to account for variability in symptom intensity, frequency and interference. Cytokine levels in subgroups defined by composite scores within the highest and lowest 20% were contrasted with those composed from cut-off scores and a median split.
Results: Subgroups defined by the composite score or cut-off scores resulted in similar statistical relationships with cytokine levels in contrast to the median split technique. The use of a median split for evaluating relationships between symptoms clusters and cytokine levels may increase the risk of a type I error.
Conclusion: Composite and cut-off scores represent best techniques for defining symptom cluster subgroups in women with breast cancer. Using a consistent approach to defining symptom clusters across studies may assist in identifying relevant biological mechanisms.
{"title":"Symptom Cluster Research in Women with Breast Cancer: A Comparison of Three Subgrouping Techniques.","authors":"Angela R Starkweather, Debra E Lyon, R K Elswick, Alison Montpetit, Yvette Conley, Nancy L McCain","doi":"10.4236/abcr.2013.24018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/abcr.2013.24018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine how symptom cluster subgroups defined by extreme discordant composite scores, cut-off scores, or a median split influence statistical associations with peripheral cytokine levels in women with breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic cytokine dysregulation has been posited as a potential biological mechanism underlying symptom clusters in women with breast cancer. Symptom characteristics may play an important role in identifying cytokines of significant etiological importance, however, there is no consensus regarding the ideal subgrouping technique to use.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A secondary analysis of data collected from a cross-sectional descriptive study of women with stage I-II breast cancer was used to examine and compare the relationships between peripheral cytokine levels and symptom subgroups defined by extreme discordant composite scores, cut-off scores, or a median split.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participant symptom scores were transformed into a composite score to account for variability in symptom intensity, frequency and interference. Cytokine levels in subgroups defined by composite scores within the highest and lowest 20% were contrasted with those composed from cut-off scores and a median split.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subgroups defined by the composite score or cut-off scores resulted in similar statistical relationships with cytokine levels in contrast to the median split technique. The use of a median split for evaluating relationships between symptoms clusters and cytokine levels may increase the risk of a type I error.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Composite and cut-off scores represent best techniques for defining symptom cluster subgroups in women with breast cancer. Using a consistent approach to defining symptom clusters across studies may assist in identifying relevant biological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":67095,"journal":{"name":"乳腺癌(英文)","volume":"2 4","pages":"107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3909650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32091704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-11DOI: 10.1134/S1028334X09080133
L. Zhitova, A. Borovikov, M. P. Gora, A. Shevko
{"title":"Evolution trend of magmatogene fluids of the intercumulus crystallization stage of the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex, Republic of South Africa","authors":"L. Zhitova, A. Borovikov, M. P. Gora, A. Shevko","doi":"10.1134/S1028334X09080133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X09080133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":67095,"journal":{"name":"乳腺癌(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1299-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79864893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sumetsky, N. Litchinitser, P. Westbrook, P. Reyes, B. Eggleton, Y. Li, R. Deshmukh, C. Soccolich, F. Rosca, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey
A recently proposed UV correction method is used to reduce group delay ripple in a chirped fibre grating tunable dispersion compensator. In 43 Gbit/s CSRZ system tests, the corrected grating had less than 0.5 dB OSNR penalty over the tunable dispersion range of 270 to 750 ps/nm.
{"title":"High-performance 40 Gbit/s fibre Bragg grating tunable dispersion compensator fabricated using group delay ripple correction technique","authors":"M. Sumetsky, N. Litchinitser, P. Westbrook, P. Reyes, B. Eggleton, Y. Li, R. Deshmukh, C. Soccolich, F. Rosca, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey","doi":"10.1049/EL:20030716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/EL:20030716","url":null,"abstract":"A recently proposed UV correction method is used to reduce group delay ripple in a chirped fibre grating tunable dispersion compensator. In 43 Gbit/s CSRZ system tests, the corrected grating had less than 0.5 dB OSNR penalty over the tunable dispersion range of 270 to 750 ps/nm.","PeriodicalId":67095,"journal":{"name":"乳腺癌(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1196-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2003-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1049/EL:20030716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57853967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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