Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83650
Mat Martin, Antja-Voy Hartley, J. Jin, Mengyao Sun, T. Lu
The proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) has emerged as a central player in inflammatory responses and tumor development since its discovery three decades ago. In general, aberrant NF- κ B activity plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and acquired resistance to chemotherapy. This aberrant NF- κ B activity frequently involves several post-translational modifications of NF- κ B, including phosphorylation. In this chapter, we will specifically cover the phosphorylation sites reported on the p65 subunit of NF- κ B and their relationship to cancer. Importantly, phosphorylation is catalyzed by different kinases using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the phosphorus donor. These kinases are frequently hyperactive in cancers and thus may serve as potential therapeutic targets to treat different cancers. κ B solid and hematological malignancies.
促炎转录因子核因子- κ B (NF- κ B)自30年前被发现以来，已成为炎症反应和肿瘤发展的核心参与者。一般来说，异常的NF- κ B活性在肿瘤发生和获得性化疗耐药中起关键作用。这种异常的NF- κ B活性通常涉及NF- κ B的几种翻译后修饰，包括磷酸化。在本章中，我们将特别介绍NF- κ B p65亚基的磷酸化位点及其与癌症的关系。重要的是，磷酸化是由不同的激酶催化的，使用三磷酸腺苷(ATP)作为磷供体。这些激酶在癌症中经常过度活跃，因此可能作为治疗不同癌症的潜在治疗靶点。κ B实体和血液恶性肿瘤。
{"title":"Phosphorylation of NF-κB in Cancer","authors":"Mat Martin, Antja-Voy Hartley, J. Jin, Mengyao Sun, T. Lu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83650","url":null,"abstract":"The proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) has emerged as a central player in inflammatory responses and tumor development since its discovery three decades ago. In general, aberrant NF- κ B activity plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and acquired resistance to chemotherapy. This aberrant NF- κ B activity frequently involves several post-translational modifications of NF- κ B, including phosphorylation. In this chapter, we will specifically cover the phosphorylation sites reported on the p65 subunit of NF- κ B and their relationship to cancer. Importantly, phosphorylation is catalyzed by different kinases using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the phosphorus donor. These kinases are frequently hyperactive in cancers and thus may serve as potential therapeutic targets to treat different cancers. κ B solid and hematological malignancies.","PeriodicalId":7175,"journal":{"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73307060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-24DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80288
Yo Nakamura, Yu Ban, Yoko Ikeda, H. Higashihara, S. Kinoshita
To investigate the effect and the safety of Adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP-2Na) for asthenopia. 40 subjects [35 females and 5 males, 25~87 years old (average: 62.5 years old)] with asthenopia ingested 200~300 mg/day ATP-2Na for 3 months. Before and after 1 and 3 months ingestion, subjects completed a questionnaire to determine their asthenopia symptom and fatigue symptom by visual analog scale (VAS). The scores were compared between before and after ingestion. 31 subjects completed a questionnaire for 1 month. The scores of asthenopia symptom before ingestion, 1 and 3 months were 4.05 ± 3.22, 2.67 ± 2.19 and 2.41 ± 2.16, respectively. The scores of fatigue symptom were 4.76 ± 3.05, 3.08 ± 2.93 and 3.10 ± 3.19, respectively. Both scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.005) at 1 month compared before ingestion. Three subjects had side effects (diarrhea for two, nausea for one), and all subjects improved by oral discontinuation. These results suggest that ATP-2Na is relatively early effective in improving asthenopia and accompanying fatigue symptoms.
{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of Adenosine Triphosphate Disodium Hydrate (ATP-2Na) for Asthenopia","authors":"Yo Nakamura, Yu Ban, Yoko Ikeda, H. Higashihara, S. Kinoshita","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80288","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect and the safety of Adenosine triphosphate disodium hydrate (ATP-2Na) for asthenopia. 40 subjects [35 females and 5 males, 25~87 years old (average: 62.5 years old)] with asthenopia ingested 200~300 mg/day ATP-2Na for 3 months. Before and after 1 and 3 months ingestion, subjects completed a questionnaire to determine their asthenopia symptom and fatigue symptom by visual analog scale (VAS). The scores were compared between before and after ingestion. 31 subjects completed a questionnaire for 1 month. The scores of asthenopia symptom before ingestion, 1 and 3 months were 4.05 ± 3.22, 2.67 ± 2.19 and 2.41 ± 2.16, respectively. The scores of fatigue symptom were 4.76 ± 3.05, 3.08 ± 2.93 and 3.10 ± 3.19, respectively. Both scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.005) at 1 month compared before ingestion. Three subjects had side effects (diarrhea for two, nausea for one), and all subjects improved by oral discontinuation. These results suggest that ATP-2Na is relatively early effective in improving asthenopia and accompanying fatigue symptoms.","PeriodicalId":7175,"journal":{"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74888818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-08DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84990
G. Mózsik
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: From Adenosine Triphosphate to Basic and Clinical Research in Light of First and Second Messenger Systems to Cellular Energetical and Other Regulatory Functions of Cells in Animals and in Humans (with a Sample of Peptic Ulcer Disease","authors":"G. Mózsik","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7175,"journal":{"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74105392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80794
A. U. Ziganshin, S. N. Grishin
ATP acting via different subtypes of P2X and P2Y receptors induces contractions or relaxation of mammalian smooth muscles, while in skeletal muscles, ATP can pre- and postsynaptically modulate effect of acetylcholine. It was shown that effects of ATP on both types of the muscle are significantly changed when the temperature shifts from physiological condition. For example, contractile responses of rodent urinary bladder and vas deferens mediated by P2X receptors are markedly increased with the decrease of the temperature. Similarly, in frog skeletal muscles, ATP-induced inhibition of acetylcholine release became more pronounced at low temperatures. In case of mammalian skeletal muscle, effect of temperature on ATP-induced responses depends on the type of muscle—slow and fast. In this chapter, we will discuss temperature-dependent effects of ATP on different muscle contractility and their possible mechanisms.
{"title":"Temperature-Dependent Effects of ATP on Smooth and Skeletal Muscles","authors":"A. U. Ziganshin, S. N. Grishin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80794","url":null,"abstract":"ATP acting via different subtypes of P2X and P2Y receptors induces contractions or relaxation of mammalian smooth muscles, while in skeletal muscles, ATP can pre- and postsynaptically modulate effect of acetylcholine. It was shown that effects of ATP on both types of the muscle are significantly changed when the temperature shifts from physiological condition. For example, contractile responses of rodent urinary bladder and vas deferens mediated by P2X receptors are markedly increased with the decrease of the temperature. Similarly, in frog skeletal muscles, ATP-induced inhibition of acetylcholine release became more pronounced at low temperatures. In case of mammalian skeletal muscle, effect of temperature on ATP-induced responses depends on the type of muscle—slow and fast. In this chapter, we will discuss temperature-dependent effects of ATP on different muscle contractility and their possible mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":7175,"journal":{"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease","volume":"301 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75444877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80756
M. Díaz-Muñoz, A. Campos-Contreras, Patricia Juárez-Mercado, E. Velázquez-Miranda, F. Vázquez-Cuevas
Purinergic signaling is a sophisticated system of elements in which ATP and related molecules function as intercellular messengers. When ATP is released into the extracellular space, it activates specific receptors that belong to the P2 family. In parallel, ectonucleotidases transform ATP in its dephosphorylated metabolites including adenosine, which stimulates P1 receptors. The activity of both receptors influences various cellular processes. Moreover, metabolic conditions are concatenated with purine signaling to conform a dynamic and continuous informational network. The role of purinergic signaling in ovarian cells has been investigated, for instance, it is known that cells conforming the follicle express functional receptors that modulate basic cellular process such as proliferation, induction of apoptotic cell death, and steroidogenesis. In this chapter, we review contemporary information on purinergic action in ovarian cell physiology and state its relevance in this field.
{"title":"Purinergic Signaling: A New Regulator of Ovarian Function","authors":"M. Díaz-Muñoz, A. Campos-Contreras, Patricia Juárez-Mercado, E. Velázquez-Miranda, F. Vázquez-Cuevas","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80756","url":null,"abstract":"Purinergic signaling is a sophisticated system of elements in which ATP and related molecules function as intercellular messengers. When ATP is released into the extracellular space, it activates specific receptors that belong to the P2 family. In parallel, ectonucleotidases transform ATP in its dephosphorylated metabolites including adenosine, which stimulates P1 receptors. The activity of both receptors influences various cellular processes. Moreover, metabolic conditions are concatenated with purine signaling to conform a dynamic and continuous informational network. The role of purinergic signaling in ovarian cells has been investigated, for instance, it is known that cells conforming the follicle express functional receptors that modulate basic cellular process such as proliferation, induction of apoptotic cell death, and steroidogenesis. In this chapter, we review contemporary information on purinergic action in ovarian cell physiology and state its relevance in this field.","PeriodicalId":7175,"journal":{"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75249940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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