Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4827
Rashad Waseem Khan Qadri, Arslan Achakzai, Muhammad Tahir Akram, Muhammad Awais, Khalid Hussain, Numrah Nisar, Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Awais Ghani, Muhammad Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Moazzam Khan
Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are highly valuable crops enriched with minerals, vitamins, phenolics, and antioxidants required for daily human activities and to prevent cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to elucidate the physicochemical and mineral evaluation of seven neglected local grape cultivars (‘Kishmish’, ‘Sra Kishmish’, ‘Askari’, ‘Sahibi’, ‘Haita’, ‘Sundar Khani’ and ‘Toran’) growing in Baluchistan, as it can help in future breeding, processing, and species conservation. Therefore, these cultivars were evaluated for different physical, biochemical, and availability of macro– and micro–mineral contents. In physical evaluation, the local cultivar ‘Haita’ showed maximum bunch length (19.72 cm) and bunch width (11.88 cm), while the highest bunch weight (527.33 g) was recorded in ‘Sahibi’. Similarly, significant differences were noted in biochemical traits, and maximum total soluble solids (24.76%) and titratable acidity (1.58%) were observed in ‘Sundar Khani’, while the highest vitamin C (26.17 mg 100 g–1), total sugars (30.26%) in Sundar Khani, and nonreducing sugars (8.79%) were recorded in ‘Haita’. The cultivars growing in Balochistan also showed variations in phenolics (113.79–346.50 mg GAE L–1) and antioxidants (85.77– 90.87%). Likewise, the concentrations of macro- and microelements were also highly variable in these cultivars. Overall, among these cultivars, ‘Toran’ performed better in the agroclimatic conditions of Balochistan, as it has high yield attributes such as berry length, width, and weight. Moreover, it was also enriched with total soluble solids, antioxidants, and calcium contents.
{"title":"Physiochemical and mineral characterization of unexplored local grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars growing in Balochistan province, Pakistan","authors":"Rashad Waseem Khan Qadri, Arslan Achakzai, Muhammad Tahir Akram, Muhammad Awais, Khalid Hussain, Numrah Nisar, Muhammad Azam, Muhammad Awais Ghani, Muhammad Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Moazzam Khan","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4827","url":null,"abstract":"Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are highly valuable crops enriched with minerals, vitamins, phenolics, and antioxidants required for daily human activities and to prevent cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to elucidate the physicochemical and mineral evaluation of seven neglected local grape cultivars (‘Kishmish’, ‘Sra Kishmish’, ‘Askari’, ‘Sahibi’, ‘Haita’, ‘Sundar Khani’ and ‘Toran’) growing in Baluchistan, as it can help in future breeding, processing, and species conservation. Therefore, these cultivars were evaluated for different physical, biochemical, and availability of macro– and micro–mineral contents. In physical evaluation, the local cultivar ‘Haita’ showed maximum bunch length (19.72 cm) and bunch width (11.88 cm), while the highest bunch weight (527.33 g) was recorded in ‘Sahibi’. Similarly, significant differences were noted in biochemical traits, and maximum total soluble solids (24.76%) and titratable acidity (1.58%) were observed in ‘Sundar Khani’, while the highest vitamin C (26.17 mg 100 g–1), total sugars (30.26%) in Sundar Khani, and nonreducing sugars (8.79%) were recorded in ‘Haita’. The cultivars growing in Balochistan also showed variations in phenolics (113.79–346.50 mg GAE L–1) and antioxidants (85.77– 90.87%). Likewise, the concentrations of macro- and microelements were also highly variable in these cultivars. Overall, among these cultivars, ‘Toran’ performed better in the agroclimatic conditions of Balochistan, as it has high yield attributes such as berry length, width, and weight. Moreover, it was also enriched with total soluble solids, antioxidants, and calcium contents.","PeriodicalId":7217,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-hortorum Cultus","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4831
Ma-Yin Wang, Yu Ding, Ye Zhang, Lu Sun, Xi-Qiang Song, Dai-Cheng Hao, Wei-Shi Li, Min-Qiang Tang, Peng Ling, Shang-Qian Xie
Oncidium, an important tropical orchid, has high ornamental value due to its specific color and occupies a significant market position for the worldwide flower. Transcriptome analysis of flower and leaf color formation provides new sources for producing novel Oncidium hybridum cultivars. We sequenced 12 samples of flowers (yellow and white) and leaves (striped and regular) of O. hybridum and assembled 381,136 and 453,566 unigene sequences from RNA-seq data, respectively. Among unigenes, 662 and 1,324 differentially expressed genes were identified in flower and leaf samples, respectively. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment showed that secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways were responsible for flower and leaf color formation. It was determined that UGT75C1, E2.4.1.115, CCD7, E2.1.1.76, and CCoAOMT are involved in regulating flower color, and UGT75C1, LHCB, UGT, RP-L18Ae, and ABCB1 play crucial roles in regulating leaf color. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that UGT75C1 was significantly enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, showing effects on flower and leaf colors. This study was the first detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms of O. hybridum flower and leaf colors, and the results advanced the understanding of the genetic basis of flower and leaf colors; they also provided additional support for improving commercial value and producing novel cultivars of O. hybridum.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in flower and leaf color of Oncidium by RNA-seq","authors":"Ma-Yin Wang, Yu Ding, Ye Zhang, Lu Sun, Xi-Qiang Song, Dai-Cheng Hao, Wei-Shi Li, Min-Qiang Tang, Peng Ling, Shang-Qian Xie","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4831","url":null,"abstract":"Oncidium, an important tropical orchid, has high ornamental value due to its specific color and occupies a significant market position for the worldwide flower. Transcriptome analysis of flower and leaf color formation provides new sources for producing novel Oncidium hybridum cultivars. We sequenced 12 samples of flowers (yellow and white) and leaves (striped and regular) of O. hybridum and assembled 381,136 and 453,566 unigene sequences from RNA-seq data, respectively. Among unigenes, 662 and 1,324 differentially expressed genes were identified in flower and leaf samples, respectively. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment showed that secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways were responsible for flower and leaf color formation. It was determined that UGT75C1, E2.4.1.115, CCD7, E2.1.1.76, and CCoAOMT are involved in regulating flower color, and UGT75C1, LHCB, UGT, RP-L18Ae, and ABCB1 play crucial roles in regulating leaf color. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that UGT75C1 was significantly enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, showing effects on flower and leaf colors. This study was the first detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms of O. hybridum flower and leaf colors, and the results advanced the understanding of the genetic basis of flower and leaf colors; they also provided additional support for improving commercial value and producing novel cultivars of O. hybridum.","PeriodicalId":7217,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-hortorum Cultus","volume":"71 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5023
Yan Ren, Jin-Rong Gao, Shou-Meng Cai, Hong-Mei Yan, Heng-Yu Huang
In vitro regeneration was studied to protect the rare Chinese medicinal orchid Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. The mixtures of protocorm and seeding and the stem tip were used as explants. The results revealed that the best essential medium for L. nervosa growth was 1/3 MS medium with 25 g · L–1 sucrose, 50 g · L–1 banana puree, 40 g · L–1 mashed potato, and 1.0 g · L–1 AC (MS1); MS1 medium with 0.5 mg · L–1 BA, 0.05 mg · L–1 2,4-D, and 1.5 mg · L–1 NAA was optimal for proliferation. When stem tips were cultured in a proliferation medium, four types of proliferation occurred: basal stem cluster bud (occurring at the basal node), tiller bud (occurring at the root), protocorm-like body (occurring at the plant’s base incision), and high-position bud (occurring on plant stem nodes other than the basal nodes). Four methods produced 10.12 proliferation coefficients. In the MS1 medium with 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA, the plantlets rooted 100%, and the rooted plantlets survived 100% after domestication and transplantation.
{"title":"In vitro propagation of Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl., an endangered medicinal orchid","authors":"Yan Ren, Jin-Rong Gao, Shou-Meng Cai, Hong-Mei Yan, Heng-Yu Huang","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5023","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro regeneration was studied to protect the rare Chinese medicinal orchid Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. The mixtures of protocorm and seeding and the stem tip were used as explants. The results revealed that the best essential medium for L. nervosa growth was 1/3 MS medium with 25 g · L–1 sucrose, 50 g · L–1 banana puree, 40 g · L–1 mashed potato, and 1.0 g · L–1 AC (MS1); MS1 medium with 0.5 mg · L–1 BA, 0.05 mg · L–1 2,4-D, and 1.5 mg · L–1 NAA was optimal for proliferation. When stem tips were cultured in a proliferation medium, four types of proliferation occurred: basal stem cluster bud (occurring at the basal node), tiller bud (occurring at the root), protocorm-like body (occurring at the plant’s base incision), and high-position bud (occurring on plant stem nodes other than the basal nodes). Four methods produced 10.12 proliferation coefficients. In the MS1 medium with 0.5 mg · L−1 NAA, the plantlets rooted 100%, and the rooted plantlets survived 100% after domestication and transplantation.","PeriodicalId":7217,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-hortorum Cultus","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and proline on Echinacea purpurea under different soil moistures were investigated in the field conditions in the Southwest of Iran (2017–2019). The experiment treatments were the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and proline (both at 1 mM concentration) and 2 irrigation frequencies (6 and 10 every day based on 75–80% and 40–45% field capacity, respectively). The field experiment was set as a complete randomized block design with 3 replications. The volatile oils were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Germacrene D, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, and β-bisabolene were detected as the main constituents. Deficit irrigation decreased the growth parameters of the plants; however, it improved the contents of the volatile oil and the major compounds of volatile oil. In addition, the maximum values of the volatile oil content and the main constituents of volatile oil were extracted from the plants under SA × water deficit treatment. In conclusion, the foliar spraying of SA under water deficit conditions was an applicable strategy to maintain and stabilize the growth and yield of E. purpurea.
{"title":"Foliar application of salicylic acid and proline to mitigate water deficit impact on purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.)","authors":"Hamid Danesh-Shahraki, Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti, Faezeh Rajabzadeh, Mehrdad Ataei Kachouei","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4964","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and proline on Echinacea purpurea under different soil moistures were investigated in the field conditions in the Southwest of Iran (2017–2019). The experiment treatments were the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and proline (both at 1 mM concentration) and 2 irrigation frequencies (6 and 10 every day based on 75–80% and 40–45% field capacity, respectively). The field experiment was set as a complete randomized block design with 3 replications. The volatile oils were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Germacrene D, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, and β-bisabolene were detected as the main constituents. Deficit irrigation decreased the growth parameters of the plants; however, it improved the contents of the volatile oil and the major compounds of volatile oil. In addition, the maximum values of the volatile oil content and the main constituents of volatile oil were extracted from the plants under SA × water deficit treatment. In conclusion, the foliar spraying of SA under water deficit conditions was an applicable strategy to maintain and stabilize the growth and yield of E. purpurea.","PeriodicalId":7217,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-hortorum Cultus","volume":"59 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5056
Elżbieta Patkowska
Scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.) is a particularly valuable species among little-known and rarely cultivated vegetables. It is a root vegetable of high dietary and nutritional values. The suitable microbiological activity of the soil favors the growth and development of scorzonera. Biostimulants can positively affect the communities of rhizospheric microorganisms of cultivated plants, including this important vegetable. The studies established the influence of biostimulants on the microbial communities in the scorzonera rhizosphere. Before setting up the field experiment, scorzonera seeds were dressed with fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS or biostimulants Beta-Chikol, Bio-Algeen S-90, and Asahi SL. The laboratory microbiological analyses of scorzonera rhizosphere soil were conducted and determined the total population of bacteria and fungi. The obtained rhizosphere isolates of fungi Albifimbria, Clonostachys, Epicoccum, Penicillium, and Trichoderma sp. were tested to check the influence on fungi pathogenic to scorzonera (Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia solani). The experiments showed that biostimulants, especially Asahi SL and Beta-Chikol, favored the development of rhizobacteria populations (including Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.). All biostimulants (Beta-Chikol, in particular) and the fungicide decreased the population of rhizospheric fungi and limited the occurrence of polyphagous fungi in the rhizosphere of scorzonera. Biostimulant Beta-Chikol and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS were most effective in stimulating the development of antagonistic fungi. Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., and Albifimbria verrucaria predominated as antagonistic rhizospheric fungi.
{"title":"The influence of biostimulants on the rhizospheric microorganisms of scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.)","authors":"Elżbieta Patkowska","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5056","url":null,"abstract":"Scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.) is a particularly valuable species among little-known and rarely cultivated vegetables. It is a root vegetable of high dietary and nutritional values. The suitable microbiological activity of the soil favors the growth and development of scorzonera. Biostimulants can positively affect the communities of rhizospheric microorganisms of cultivated plants, including this important vegetable. The studies established the influence of biostimulants on the microbial communities in the scorzonera rhizosphere. Before setting up the field experiment, scorzonera seeds were dressed with fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS or biostimulants Beta-Chikol, Bio-Algeen S-90, and Asahi SL. The laboratory microbiological analyses of scorzonera rhizosphere soil were conducted and determined the total population of bacteria and fungi. The obtained rhizosphere isolates of fungi Albifimbria, Clonostachys, Epicoccum, Penicillium, and Trichoderma sp. were tested to check the influence on fungi pathogenic to scorzonera (Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia solani). The experiments showed that biostimulants, especially Asahi SL and Beta-Chikol, favored the development of rhizobacteria populations (including Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.). All biostimulants (Beta-Chikol, in particular) and the fungicide decreased the population of rhizospheric fungi and limited the occurrence of polyphagous fungi in the rhizosphere of scorzonera. Biostimulant Beta-Chikol and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS were most effective in stimulating the development of antagonistic fungi. Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., and Albifimbria verrucaria predominated as antagonistic rhizospheric fungi.","PeriodicalId":7217,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-hortorum Cultus","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was carried out to determine the effects of leaf water potential and defoliation treatments on the oenological properties of grape must. Merlot/41B graft combination grapevines were cultivated in Chateau Kalpak vineyards in Tekirdağ, Şarköy. The trial was carried out for two consecutive years in the vineyard in the vegetation periods of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Leaf water potential treatments were S0 (Control = no irrigation), S1 (–0.3/–0.5 MPa), S2 (–0.5/–0.7 MPa) and S3 (<–0.7 MPa) and defoliation treatments were implemented as; Control(C), Full Window(FW), Right Window(RW) and Left Window (LW). As a result, the S2 (–0.5 MPa and –0.7 MPa) stress level resulted in more balanced responses, as seen in the combination of years in terms of both primary and secondary metabolites. The RW defoliation treatment may cause higher primary and secondary metabolite values in all criteria.
{"title":"Defoliation and water leaf potential effects on oenological properties of Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) grape must","authors":"Serkan Candar, Elman Bahar, İlknur Korkutal, Fatma Betül Aktaş","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5051","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to determine the effects of leaf water potential and defoliation treatments on the oenological properties of grape must. Merlot/41B graft combination grapevines were cultivated in Chateau Kalpak vineyards in Tekirdağ, Şarköy. The trial was carried out for two consecutive years in the vineyard in the vegetation periods of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Leaf water potential treatments were S0 (Control = no irrigation), S1 (–0.3/–0.5 MPa), S2 (–0.5/–0.7 MPa) and S3 (<–0.7 MPa) and defoliation treatments were implemented as; Control(C), Full Window(FW), Right Window(RW) and Left Window (LW). As a result, the S2 (–0.5 MPa and –0.7 MPa) stress level resulted in more balanced responses, as seen in the combination of years in terms of both primary and secondary metabolites. The RW defoliation treatment may cause higher primary and secondary metabolite values in all criteria.","PeriodicalId":7217,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-hortorum Cultus","volume":"71 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.4994
Güzella Yılmaz, Hakan Karadağ, Onur Saraҫoğlu, Osman Öcalan
This study investigated the effects of biochar treatments on the growth, nutrient content and some biochemical properties of basil. Biochars obtained from two different biomasses, rice husk (RBC) and tomato harvest waste (TBC), were applied at a dose of 2% to the growing medium consisting of a 1 : 1 soil and peat mixture. No biochar-added medium (1 : 1 soil and peat) was used as a control. The experiment was established in a completely randomized design with six replications for each treatment. At the end of the study, the height, number of lateral branches, total herb weight, and leaf weight of the plants were measured. In addition, chlorophyll contents in SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), different nutrients and total phenolics contents, and antioxidant activities were analyzed. As a result of the study, the effects of biochar treatments differed depending on the biomass source. RBC significantly increased plant height, total herb weight, and leaf weight while negatively affecting the number of lateral branches. TCB did not cause any significant variation in plant height and number of lateral branches. While RBC provided a slight increase in leaf weight compared to the control, it did not cause a significant change in plant height, total herb weight, and the number of lateral branches. Except for a slight increase in K content due to RBC application, both biochar treatments did not cause a significant increase in leaf nutrient content. While RBC treatment did not cause a significant change in total phenol, it caused an increase in antioxidant activity. TBC application decreased the SPAD value from 22.4 in the control to 20.4.
{"title":"Effects of biochar applications on growth, nutrient content and biochemical properties of Ocimum basilicum L.","authors":"Güzella Yılmaz, Hakan Karadağ, Onur Saraҫoğlu, Osman Öcalan","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.4994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.4994","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of biochar treatments on the growth, nutrient content and some biochemical properties of basil. Biochars obtained from two different biomasses, rice husk (RBC) and tomato harvest waste (TBC), were applied at a dose of 2% to the growing medium consisting of a 1 : 1 soil and peat mixture. No biochar-added medium (1 : 1 soil and peat) was used as a control. The experiment was established in a completely randomized design with six replications for each treatment. At the end of the study, the height, number of lateral branches, total herb weight, and leaf weight of the plants were measured. In addition, chlorophyll contents in SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), different nutrients and total phenolics contents, and antioxidant activities were analyzed. As a result of the study, the effects of biochar treatments differed depending on the biomass source. RBC significantly increased plant height, total herb weight, and leaf weight while negatively affecting the number of lateral branches. TCB did not cause any significant variation in plant height and number of lateral branches. While RBC provided a slight increase in leaf weight compared to the control, it did not cause a significant change in plant height, total herb weight, and the number of lateral branches. Except for a slight increase in K content due to RBC application, both biochar treatments did not cause a significant increase in leaf nutrient content. While RBC treatment did not cause a significant change in total phenol, it caused an increase in antioxidant activity. TBC application decreased the SPAD value from 22.4 in the control to 20.4.","PeriodicalId":7217,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-hortorum Cultus","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of botanical extracts is considered an important tool to stimulate plant growth, reduce the use of synthetic pesticides, or both. The impact of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Calendula officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Tagetes sp., and Taraxacum officinale on growth and root development of plants of five strawberry cultivars (‘Albion’, ‘Florence’, ‘Magnum’, ‘Rumba’, and ‘San Andreas’) grown in semi-field controlled conditions was tested in the present study. The vigor and growth of the five strawberry genotypes were significantly affected by the extracts, with cv. Florence consistently producing more biomass than any other variety compared to the untreated control. The extracts also impacted the root system differently depending on the specific genotype. However, the C. officinalis flower extract consistently improved the root architecture, increasing the value of five out of six parameters compared to the control. The genotype-related response points to the strong influence of the “variety factor” on the possible effect of plant extracts considered for biostimulation, plant protection purposes, or both, prompting the need for additional work to unravel the bottlenecks in using botanicals.
{"title":"The influence of plant extracts on root biostimulation in different strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchense) cultivars","authors":"Ewa Furmanczyk, Malgorzata Tartanus, Eligio Malusà","doi":"10.24326/asphc.2023.5050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2023.5050","url":null,"abstract":"The use of botanical extracts is considered an important tool to stimulate plant growth, reduce the use of synthetic pesticides, or both. The impact of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Calendula officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Tagetes sp., and Taraxacum officinale on growth and root development of plants of five strawberry cultivars (‘Albion’, ‘Florence’, ‘Magnum’, ‘Rumba’, and ‘San Andreas’) grown in semi-field controlled conditions was tested in the present study. The vigor and growth of the five strawberry genotypes were significantly affected by the extracts, with cv. Florence consistently producing more biomass than any other variety compared to the untreated control. The extracts also impacted the root system differently depending on the specific genotype. However, the C. officinalis flower extract consistently improved the root architecture, increasing the value of five out of six parameters compared to the control. The genotype-related response points to the strong influence of the “variety factor” on the possible effect of plant extracts considered for biostimulation, plant protection purposes, or both, prompting the need for additional work to unravel the bottlenecks in using botanicals.","PeriodicalId":7217,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-hortorum Cultus","volume":"26 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136132360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5033
Piotr Żurawik, Cezary Podsiadło
Species of the Miscanthus genus are plants of considerable economic importance. During their vegetation, they produce a considerable amount of biomass, which makes them a useful source of bioenergy. They are also highly ornamental and, being highly tolerant of salt in the soil, they are useful both in city greeneries and in the reclamation of degraded areas. Several million tons of shrimps per year are fished and processed at present. This generates a huge amount of biowaste, contributing to the progressive degradation of natural environment. Proper utilization of this waste is, therefore, becoming a burning issue. The present study was carried out in the years 2020–2021. The plant material consisted of two species of the genus Miscanthus, i.e. Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus × giganteus. Dried and ground biowaste, a material of high nutritional value generated during shrimp cleaning, was used as an experimental component of the substrate. The shrimp biowaste was mixed with the soil at a dose of 5%, 10%, and 15% (v/v). The control was a mineral soil without the dried biowaste. No other fertilizer was used during the plant growth. The plant material was harvested at the end of the growing season in the first year, and at full bloom and at the end of the growing season in the second year. The following mineral components were assessed: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, and Ni. Regardless of the species, the plants growing in the substrates enriched with dried shrimps had a higher content of macro- and micronutrients in their leaves in comparison with the controls. In the next years of cultivation, the content of the assessed mineral components in the leaves seemed to drop. The biowaste generated during shrimp cleaning may successfully be used as fertilizer in the cultivation of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus × giganteus.
芒草属植物具有相当重要的经济价值。在其生长期间，它们产生相当数量的生物量，这使它们成为生物能源的有用来源。它们也具有很高的观赏性，并且在土壤中具有很高的耐盐性，它们在城市绿地和退化地区的开垦中都很有用。目前，每年有数百万吨虾被捕捞和加工。这产生了大量的生物废物，导致自然环境的逐步退化。因此，对这些废物的合理利用已成为一个亟待解决的问题。本研究是在2020-2021年进行的。植物材料包括芒草属(Miscanthus sinensis)和芒草(Miscanthus x giganteus)两种。将虾清洗过程中产生的高营养价值的生物废弃物干燥研磨后作为底物的实验成分。将虾类生物废弃物按5%、10%和15% (v/v)的剂量与土壤混合。对照组为不含干燥生物废弃物的矿质土壤。在植物生长过程中没有使用其他肥料。植株材料在第一年生长季节结束时收获，在第二年开花和生长季节结束时收获。评估了以下矿物成分:N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe、Cd、Pb和Ni。无论哪种植物，生长在富含虾干的基质中的植物叶片中宏量和微量元素含量均高于对照。在接下来几年的栽培中，叶片中所评估的矿物成分的含量似乎有所下降。虾清洗过程中产生的生物废弃物可以成功地作为种植芒草和巨型芒草的肥料。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.24326/asphc.2023.5014
Hande Tahmaz
Cluster thinning was performed on vines of the Syrah variety eight days before the véraison (CTBV) and after the completion of the véraison (CTAV) in the 2019 and 2021 vegetation periods. The differences in physiological and chemical properties between the grapes were investigated to which cluster thinning was applied at two different times and those without cluster thinning. According to the research results, CTBV was more effective in the berry fresh weight, dry weight, berry volume, skin weight, skin surface, cluster width, cluster length, cluster weight, and cluster volume parameters than CTAV. Likewise, the levels of total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity increased by 9%, 27%, and 30%, respectively, compared to the control group without cluster thinning. Among the phenolic compounds, trans-resveratrol showed the highest increase of 38%, and petunidin-3-glucoside increased the most (12%) among anthocyanins.
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