Both stroke and smoking continue to be major public health crises in the United States, with stroke being the third and fourth leading cause of death among women and men, respectively. The goal of this review will be to provide clinicians a succinct overview regarding the epidemiology, economics, and biology of stroke in the setting of smoking and electronic cigarette use. Special attention will be given to the escalating public health crisis of electronic cigarette use, emphasizing mechanistic relationships of stroke and lung injury. Readers will be made aware of the need for continued scientific advancement and study regarding these relationships, as well as the need for improved governmental and public health efforts to curb these ongoing public health crises.
{"title":"Stroke, Smoking and Vaping: The No-Good, the Bad and the Ugly.","authors":"Adam P Klein, Karen Yarbrough, John W Cole","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both stroke and smoking continue to be major public health crises in the United States, with stroke being the third and fourth leading cause of death among women and men, respectively. The goal of this review will be to provide clinicians a succinct overview regarding the epidemiology, economics, and biology of stroke in the setting of smoking and electronic cigarette use. Special attention will be given to the escalating public health crisis of electronic cigarette use, emphasizing mechanistic relationships of stroke and lung injury. Readers will be made aware of the need for continued scientific advancement and study regarding these relationships, as well as the need for improved governmental and public health efforts to curb these ongoing public health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":72230,"journal":{"name":"Annals of public health and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315328/pdf/nihms-1701528.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9958504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.47739/publichealth.1111
Phiri P, Cavalini Hfs, Delanerolle G, Shi Jq, Shetty A, Magalhães Pf, Fernanda E, Padovez Rdfc, Neves Vr
Long Covid is an ongoing health hazard to many patients who had an original Covid-19 diagnosis. Whilst there has been much debate about the phenotypic nature of the disease, the implications of these among differing populations is yet to be comprehensively reviewed. This is particularly important for low-to-middle-income countries such as Brazil, that have limited resources and infrastructure within their healthcare systems to manage patients long-term that have had Covid-19 and Long covid. Brazil have had to stare at the Covid abyss with over-crowding of their intensive care units that left their healthcare system in chaos. The ongoing long-Covid case numbers therefore are exacerbating an ongoing issue for patients, policy makers and healthcare professionals. In line with this, and the population density of Brazil, we have explored the prevalence of long-Covid in one of the largest municipalities in northeast Brazil to report active patient and clinical reported outcomes that would enable a better understanding of the next steps require to curb these issues to a manageable situation. Methods: We designed a two-step approach to demonstrate the wider implications of long-covid using a commentary and a retrospective, cross-sectional study using realworld data. Findings: In this commentary we highlight the current issues and potential barriers Brazil faces. We will follow this up with a retrospective, cross-sectional study using real world data to report on the prevalence of long covid within 1,600 patients.
{"title":"The Long Covid abyss in Brazil; Is this another concern for an overwhelmed healthcare system?","authors":"Phiri P, Cavalini Hfs, Delanerolle G, Shi Jq, Shetty A, Magalhães Pf, Fernanda E, Padovez Rdfc, Neves Vr","doi":"10.47739/publichealth.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47739/publichealth.1111","url":null,"abstract":"Long Covid is an ongoing health hazard to many patients who had an original Covid-19 diagnosis. Whilst there has been much debate about the phenotypic nature of the disease, the implications of these among differing populations is yet to be comprehensively reviewed. This is particularly important for low-to-middle-income countries such as Brazil, that have limited resources and infrastructure within their healthcare systems to manage patients long-term that have had Covid-19 and Long covid. Brazil have had to stare at the Covid abyss with over-crowding of their intensive care units that left their healthcare system in chaos. The ongoing long-Covid case numbers therefore are exacerbating an ongoing issue for patients, policy makers and healthcare professionals. In line with this, and the population density of Brazil, we have explored the prevalence of long-Covid in one of the largest municipalities in northeast Brazil to report active patient and clinical reported outcomes that would enable a better understanding of the next steps require to curb these issues to a manageable situation. Methods: We designed a two-step approach to demonstrate the wider implications of long-covid using a commentary and a retrospective, cross-sectional study using realworld data. Findings: In this commentary we highlight the current issues and potential barriers Brazil faces. We will follow this up with a retrospective, cross-sectional study using real world data to report on the prevalence of long covid within 1,600 patients.","PeriodicalId":72230,"journal":{"name":"Annals of public health and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83727688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zika virus has emerged as a public health crisis and is associated with a number of neurological deficits; however, only subsets of individuals who contract a Zika virus infection develop severe symptoms. The mechanism underlying Zika virus-induced neuropathogenesis is still poorly understood. Recent studies have implicated the host immune response as a key regulator in Zika virus neuropathology. Specifically, immune responses generated from previous flavi virus infection may contribute to antibody-dependent enhancement of Zika virus infection. Innate immunity may also play an important role for the broad array of individual symptomatic differences. Therefore, host immunity may serve as a therapeutic target to reduce Zika-associated neuropathogenesis.
{"title":"Contributions of Immune Response to Individual Differences in Zika Virus Infection.","authors":"Erica L Mc Grath, Ping Wu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zika virus has emerged as a public health crisis and is associated with a number of neurological deficits; however, only subsets of individuals who contract a Zika virus infection develop severe symptoms. The mechanism underlying Zika virus-induced neuropathogenesis is still poorly understood. Recent studies have implicated the host immune response as a key regulator in Zika virus neuropathology. Specifically, immune responses generated from previous flavi virus infection may contribute to antibody-dependent enhancement of Zika virus infection. Innate immunity may also play an important role for the broad array of individual symptomatic differences. Therefore, host immunity may serve as a therapeutic target to reduce Zika-associated neuropathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72230,"journal":{"name":"Annals of public health and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9714954/pdf/nihms-1808883.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35346192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our objective was to determine self-reported psychological wellbeing of American Indians (AIs). Data are from two surveys, a) 218 adults from the 2011 - 2012 Mino Giizhigad study including Ojibwe adults in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and b) 146 AI women aged 15 - 35 years from the 2011 Sacred Journey study residing in the Pacific Northwest. Reports of AI mental wellness/positive mental health were on par with or higher than found in previous studies with non-AI samples despite simultaneously disparate rates of AI anxiety, depressive symptoms, and differential exposure to sociohistorical stressors. Results are a paradoxical mismatch between mental wellness and mental stressors consistent across two separate, diverse samples of AI adults.
{"title":"Psychological Wellbeing in the Face of Adversity among American Indians: Preliminary Evidence of a New Population Health Paradox?","authors":"Melissa Walls, Cynthia Pearson, Margarette Kading, Ciwang Teyra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our objective was to determine self-reported psychological wellbeing of American Indians (AIs). Data are from two surveys, a) 218 adults from the 2011 - 2012 Mino Giizhigad study including Ojibwe adults in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and b) 146 AI women aged 15 - 35 years from the 2011 Sacred Journey study residing in the Pacific Northwest. Reports of AI mental wellness/positive mental health were on par with or higher than found in previous studies with non-AI samples despite simultaneously disparate rates of AI anxiety, depressive symptoms, and differential exposure to sociohistorical stressors. Results are a paradoxical mismatch between mental wellness and mental stressors consistent across two separate, diverse samples of AI adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":72230,"journal":{"name":"Annals of public health and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5443649/pdf/nihms855401.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35037483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick G Hogan, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Lauren N Singh, Carol E Patrick, J Christian Lukas, Jeffrey W Wang, Victoria J Fraser, Stephanie A Fritz
We evaluated a variety of methods to recover S. aureus from inanimate surfaces. Two contact agar plates and three swab sampling methods were tested on porous and non-porous surfaces and bar soap. The cost and ease of use of each method was also evaluated. S. aureus was recovered using all methods on both porous and non-porous surfaces. S. aureus could not be detected on three of four brands of soap.
{"title":"Evaluation of Environmental Sampling Methods for Detection of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> on Fomites.","authors":"Patrick G Hogan, Carey-Ann D Burnham, Lauren N Singh, Carol E Patrick, J Christian Lukas, Jeffrey W Wang, Victoria J Fraser, Stephanie A Fritz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated a variety of methods to recover <i>S. aureus</i> from inanimate surfaces. Two contact agar plates and three swab sampling methods were tested on porous and non-porous surfaces and bar soap. The cost and ease of use of each method was also evaluated. <i>S. aureus</i> was recovered using all methods on both porous and non-porous surfaces. <i>S. aureus</i> could not be detected on three of four brands of soap.</p>","PeriodicalId":72230,"journal":{"name":"Annals of public health and research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4399720/pdf/nihms662631.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33115059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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