Pub Date : 2021-02-18DOI: 10.9734/BPI/AAER/V1/1506F
Chandra S. Amaravadi
A representation scheme called CKR-1 is introduced to deal with the challenges of representing complex knowledge. Complex knowledge is defined as deep knowledge concerning a complex object, event, situation or process. The nature of complex knowledge is identified from samples of professional knowledge drawn from the insurance industry. These examples highlight efficacy of the scheme as well as its limitations. CKR-1 is a type of semantic network that supports simple and abstract concepts, events, activities and situations. It also supports several types of relationships including business, logical, causal, process etc. It derives its expressivity from ability to support abstractions, elaborations, assertions and alternative points of view. Usability was tested with a randomized selection of fifty knowledge items from a book for insurance professionals. The scheme handled 39 of these well. Despite this, the scheme suffers from limitations stemming from the inherent difficulty in expressing concepts involving several other vaguely defined abstract concepts.
{"title":"A Representation Scheme for Managing Complex Professional Knowledge","authors":"Chandra S. Amaravadi","doi":"10.9734/BPI/AAER/V1/1506F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/AAER/V1/1506F","url":null,"abstract":"A representation scheme called CKR-1 is introduced to deal with the challenges of representing complex knowledge. Complex knowledge is defined as deep knowledge concerning a complex object, event, situation or process. The nature of complex knowledge is identified from samples of professional knowledge drawn from the insurance industry. These examples highlight efficacy of the scheme as well as its limitations. CKR-1 is a type of semantic network that supports simple and abstract concepts, events, activities and situations. It also supports several types of relationships including business, logical, causal, process etc. It derives its expressivity from ability to support abstractions, elaborations, assertions and alternative points of view. Usability was tested with a randomized selection of fifty knowledge items from a book for insurance professionals. The scheme handled 39 of these well. Despite this, the scheme suffers from limitations stemming from the inherent difficulty in expressing concepts involving several other vaguely defined abstract concepts.","PeriodicalId":7227,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87653689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-18DOI: 10.9734/BPI/AAER/V1/7077D
Pushpendra Gupta, J. Roy, S. C. Saha
Among the several arc welding methods, the submerged arc welding is the preferred method for welding thick sections in the industry because of its several advantages which include high production rates, good weld quality, ease of automation and minimum operator skill requirement. This paper represents a study on the effect of B2O3 additions in fluxes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld metal formed during Submerged Arc Welding of Mild Steel plates. Five fluxes with about 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% B2O3 were used with a low carbon electrode. Welding process parameters were kept constant for all the conditions. The microstructure of weld metal for each flux consisted mainly of acicular ferrite, polygonal ferrite, grain boundary ferrites and equiaxed pearlite. It was noted that Vicker’s hardness value was a function of boron content and showed a mixed trend. Impact Energy and Tensile Strength were increased with the increase in boron content in welds this can be attributed to relation with the higher acicular ferrite percentage. However, an optimum level of toughness and tensile strength was available with 7.5% and 5% of B2O3 respectively. A qualitative comparison has also been made with fresh flux through full metallography and mechanically.
{"title":"Effect of Boron Trioxide Enriched Fluxes on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Submerged Arc Welded Mild Steel Plates","authors":"Pushpendra Gupta, J. Roy, S. C. Saha","doi":"10.9734/BPI/AAER/V1/7077D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/BPI/AAER/V1/7077D","url":null,"abstract":"Among the several arc welding methods, the submerged arc welding is the preferred method for welding thick sections in the industry because of its several advantages which include high production rates, good weld quality, ease of automation and minimum operator skill requirement. This paper represents a study on the effect of B2O3 additions in fluxes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld metal formed during Submerged Arc Welding of Mild Steel plates. Five fluxes with about 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% B2O3 were used with a low carbon electrode. Welding process parameters were kept constant for all the conditions. The microstructure of weld metal for each flux consisted mainly of acicular ferrite, polygonal ferrite, grain boundary ferrites and equiaxed pearlite. It was noted that Vicker’s hardness value was a function of boron content and showed a mixed trend. Impact Energy and Tensile Strength were increased with the increase in boron content in welds this can be attributed to relation with the higher acicular ferrite percentage. However, an optimum level of toughness and tensile strength was available with 7.5% and 5% of B2O3 respectively. A qualitative comparison has also been made with fresh flux through full metallography and mechanically.","PeriodicalId":7227,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82536791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/aaer/v1/7076d
M. Mikhov, M. Zhilevski
{"title":"Critical Study and Performance Improvement of the Drive Systems for a Class of Machine Tools","authors":"M. Mikhov, M. Zhilevski","doi":"10.9734/bpi/aaer/v1/7076d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aaer/v1/7076d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7227,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 1","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83522988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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