Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews最新文献

英文中文

Self-injurious behavior: gene-brain-behavior relationships. 自残行为:基因-脑-行为关系。

Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews

Pub Date : 2001-02-01 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2779(200102)7:1<3::AID-MRDD1002>3.0.CO;2-#

S. Schroeder, M. Oster-Granite, G. Berkson, J. Bodfish, G. Breese, M. Cataldo, E. Cook, L. Crnic, I. DeLeon, Wayne W. Fisher, James C. Harris, Robert H. Horner, B. Iwata, H. A. Jinnah, B. King, J. Lauder, Mark H Lewis, K. Newell, W. Nyhan, J. Rojahn, G. Sackett, C. Sandman, F. Symons, R. Tessel, T. Thompson, D. Wong

This paper summarizes a conference held at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development on December 6-7, 1999, on self-injurious behavior [SIB] in developmental disabilities. Twenty-six of the top researchers in the U.S. from this field representing 13 different disciplines discussed environmental mechanisms, epidemiology, behavioral and pharmacological intervention strategies, neurochemical substrates, genetic syndromes in which SIB is a prominent behavioral phenotype, neurobiological and neurodevelopmental factors affecting SIB in humans as well as a variety of animal models of SIB. Findings over the last decade, especially new discoveries since 1995, were emphasized. SIB is a rapidly growing area of scientific interest to both basic and applied researchers. In many respects it is a model for the study of gene-brain-behavior relationships in developmental disabilities.

本文总结了1999年12月6日至7日在国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所举行的关于发育障碍中的自残行为的会议。来自该领域13个不同学科的26位美国顶尖研究人员讨论了环境机制、流行病学、行为和药理学干预策略、神经化学底物、SIB作为突出行为表型的遗传综合征、影响人类SIB的神经生物学和神经发育因素以及各种SIB动物模型。强调了过去十年的发现，特别是1995年以来的新发现。SIB是基础和应用研究人员感兴趣的一个迅速发展的科学领域。在许多方面，它是研究发育障碍中基因-大脑-行为关系的一个模型。

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引用次数: 217

The case for DSM‐IV subtypes in ADHD ADHD中DSM - IV亚型的案例

Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews

Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1999)5:3<199::AID-MRDD6>3.0.CO;2-#

Caryn L. Carlson, Misung Shin, Jane E. Booth

This article selectively reviews research that has examined the three DSM-IV attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subtypes. Data relevant to the validity of the subtyping system, including demographic, comorbidity, cognitive/attentional, and social correlates of the three subtypes are presented. The majority of relevant research has examined the ADHD/C and ADHD/IA subtypes, with less information available for the newly identified ADHD/HI subtype. Findings support the existence of the ADHD/IA subtype; children so diagnosed show impairment and patterns of dysfunction unique from those with the ADHD/C subtype. Further research on many aspects of ADHD/IA is needed to clarify whether it is best considered a separate disorder or an ADHD subtype, however, and to determine the most appropriate diagnostic criteria. Although the scant existing data also suggest that the ADHD/HI subtype is associated with impairment and a different pattern of deficits relative to the other two subtypes, further elucidation of its developmental course is needed to clearly determine its validity. MRDD Research Reviews 1999;5:199–206 © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

本文选择性地回顾了DSM-IV中三种注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)亚型的研究。数据相关的有效性的亚型系统，包括人口统计，合并症，认知/注意力，和社会相关的三个亚型提出。大多数相关研究已经检查了ADHD/C和ADHD/IA亚型，对于新发现的ADHD/HI亚型的信息较少。研究结果支持ADHD/IA亚型的存在;如此诊断的儿童表现出与ADHD/C亚型不同的损伤和功能障碍模式。然而，需要对ADHD/IA的许多方面进行进一步的研究，以澄清它是最好被视为一种单独的疾病还是ADHD亚型，并确定最合适的诊断标准。尽管现有的少量数据也表明ADHD/HI亚型与其他两种亚型的损害和不同的缺陷模式相关，但需要进一步阐明其发展过程以明确其有效性。MRDD Research Reviews 1999;5:19 99 - 206©1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc。

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引用次数: 59

Autism research: Current context and future direction 自闭症研究:当前背景和未来方向

Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews

Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<61::AID-MRDD1>3.0.CO;2-#

M. Bristol, W. McIlvane, D. Alexander

引用次数: 8

Specific reading disabilities: Early identification and long‐term outcome 特殊阅读障碍:早期识别和长期结果

Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews

Pub Date : 1996-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1996)2:1<21::AID-MRDD5>3.0.CO;2-#

A. Reynolds, N. Elksnin, F. R. Brown

We review the early identification and long-term outcome of children with specific reading disabilities. The current widely held theory is that reading disabilities are language-based. Recent literature suggests that specific aspects of early language development, such as phonological processing, are important in learning to read, and that deficiencies in them hinder the process. Deficits in language, attention, and behavior have been found to be nonspecific risk factors for later development of reading disabilities. There is consensus that reading disabilities persist into adulthood. They not only effect academic skills and post-secondary educational and employment opportunities, but also social, emotional, and behavioral function. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

我们回顾了特殊阅读障碍儿童的早期识别和长期结果。目前广泛接受的理论是，阅读障碍是基于语言的。最近的文献表明，早期语言发展的特定方面，如语音处理，在学习阅读中很重要，而这些方面的缺陷阻碍了这一过程。语言、注意力和行为方面的缺陷已被发现是阅读障碍后期发展的非特异性风险因素。人们一致认为，阅读障碍会持续到成年。它们不仅影响学术技能、高等教育和就业机会，还影响社会、情感和行为功能。©1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc

引用次数: 10

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