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Product Labeling of Drugs Commonly Administered to Children and Adults with Obesity. 儿童和成人肥胖症常用药物的产品标签。
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-04-12
Kanecia O Zimmerman, Daniel K Benjamin, Mara L Becker, Ravinder Anand, Christoph P Hornik

Obesity is a major public health problem that can affect drug disposition and dosing, particularly in vulnerable pediatric populations. Despite potentially detrimental consequences from inappropriately dosed drugs in children with obesity, drug product labels largely fail to include dosing or guidance specific to this population. Failure to include this information results in an increased incidence of adverse events, and concerns from treating physicians regarding their ability to provide appropriate care for children with obesity. Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-funded Pediatric Trials Network (PTN), we explore possible ways to improve drug labeling in children with obesity. In order to improve health outcomes of children with obesity, carefully designed and executed PK trials and comprehensive PK analysis strategies are needed. Early collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration may be helpful in developing studies and analyses that are most beneficial for child health. This collaboration is particularly important for drugs that treat potentially life-threatening diseases, where inclusion of PK and dosing on the drug label is vital. We hope that increasing the body of knowledge on drug dosing in children with obesity will open the door to regulatory guidance based on extrapolation or population-specific PK studies, similar to other currently-recognized special populations. Given the magnitude of the pediatric obesity pandemic, recognition as a special population will offer substantial public health value.

肥胖是一个主要的公共健康问题,会影响药物的处置和剂量,尤其是对易受影响的儿童群体。尽管肥胖症儿童用药剂量不当可能会造成不良后果,但药物产品标签大多未包括针对这一人群的剂量或指导。不包含这些信息会导致不良事件的发生率增加,主治医生也会担心他们是否有能力为肥胖症儿童提供适当的治疗。利用美国国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所资助的儿科试验网络(PTN)的数据,我们探讨了改进肥胖症儿童药物标签的可能方法。为了改善肥胖症儿童的健康状况,需要精心设计和执行 PK 试验以及全面的 PK 分析策略。尽早与美国食品药品管理局合作可能有助于开发最有利于儿童健康的研究和分析方法。对于治疗可能危及生命的疾病的药物来说,这种合作尤为重要,因为将 PK 和剂量纳入药物标签至关重要。我们希望,增加肥胖症儿童用药剂量方面的知识,将为基于外推法或特定人群 PK 研究的监管指导打开一扇门,这与目前公认的其他特殊人群类似。鉴于小儿肥胖症的严重程度,将其认定为特殊人群将带来巨大的公共卫生价值。
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引用次数: 0
AMPK Activators as a Drug for Diabetes, Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease. 作为治疗糖尿病、癌症和心血管疾病药物的 AMPK 激活剂
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 Epub Date: 2014-04-03 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7689.1000118
Mark Goodman, Zhenling Liu, Ping Zhu, Ji Li

The cellular mechanisms of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) activators in the treatment and prevention of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

AMP 激活蛋白激酶 (AMPK) 激活剂治疗和预防糖尿病、癌症和心血管疾病的细胞机制。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic Opportunities through the Modulation of Endocannabinoid Transport. 通过调节内源性大麻素转运的治疗机会。
Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2167-7689.1000e123
Jason J Guo, Mark K Williams, Alexandros Makriyannis
The endocannabinoid system is comprised of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), a group of endogenous neuromodulatory lipids (endocannabinoids), and the machinery for their biosynthesis, metabolism, and transit that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including pain, appetite, memory, inflammatory and immune responses. In the brain, endocannabinoids are primarily involved in retrograde signaling, being synthesized and released from postsynaptic neurons to stimulate CB1 receptors located on the presynaptic neurons. Here, we provide an overview of the current research on the transport of endocannabinoids across plasma membranes and their intracellular trafficking with an emphasis on various potential targets for developing therapeutic drugs.
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引用次数: 2
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Pharmaceutical regulatory affairs : open access
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