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Detection of Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 (LOXL2), a Biomarker of Metastasis from Breast Cancers Using Human Blood Samples. 利用人血样本检测乳腺癌转移标志物赖氨酸氧化酶样2 (LOXL2)
Recent patents on biomarkers
Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2210309005666150804195033
Metini Janyasupab, Ying-Hui Lee, Yuan Zhang, Chen W Liu, Jieyi Cai, Adriana Popa, Anna C Samia, Kuan W Wang, Jiaqiang Xu, Chi-Chang Hu, Michael K Wendt, Barbara J Schiemann, Cheryl L Thompson, Yun Yen, William P Schiemann, Chung C Liu

Metastasis accounts for 90% of the mortality associated with breast cancer. Upregulated expression of members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of secreted copper amine oxidases catalyzes the crosslinking of collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix. LOXs are linked to the development and metastatic progression of breast cancers. Accordingly, aberrant expression of LOX-like 2 (LOXL2) is observed in poorly differentiated, high-grade tumors and is predictive of diseases recurrence, and for decreased overall patient survival. Therefore, LOXL2 expression may serve as a biomarker for breast cancer. Mechanistically, hydrogen peroxide is produced as a byproduct of LOXL2 when using an appropriate substrate, lysine. We exploited this chemistry to generate a revolutionary gold-based electrochemical biosensor capable of accurately detecting nanomolar quantities of LOXL2 in mouse blood, and in human blood samples. Two different sources of the blood samples obtained from breast cancer patients were used in this study indicating the applicability of detecting LOXL2 in breast cancers patients. Limited numbers of urine specimens from breast cancer patients were also tested. Collectively, all of these tests show the promise and potential of this biosensor for detecting LOXL2 as a surrogate biomarker of breast cancer. This work is described in WO 052962 A1 (2014).

转移占乳腺癌死亡率的90%。分泌铜胺氧化酶的赖氨酸氧化酶(LOX)家族成员的上调表达可催化细胞外基质中胶原和弹性蛋白的交联。lox与乳腺癌的发展和转移进展有关。因此，lox -样2 (LOXL2)的异常表达在低分化、高级别肿瘤中被观察到，并可预测疾病复发和患者总生存率降低。因此，LOXL2的表达可能作为乳腺癌的生物标志物。从机械上讲，过氧化氢是LOXL2的副产物，当使用适当的底物赖氨酸时。我们利用这种化学反应产生了一种革命性的基于金的电化学生物传感器，能够准确地检测小鼠血液和人类血液样本中纳摩尔量的LOXL2。本研究使用了两种不同来源的乳腺癌患者血液样本，表明检测LOXL2在乳腺癌患者中的适用性。对乳腺癌患者的少量尿液样本也进行了检测。总的来说，所有这些测试都显示了这种生物传感器作为乳腺癌替代生物标志物检测LOXL2的前景和潜力。这项工作在WO 052962 A1(2014)中有描述。
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引用次数: 14
Role of Netrin-1 Beyond the Brain: From Biomarker of Tissue Injury to Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases. Netrin-1在脑外的作用:从组织损伤的生物标志物到炎症性疾病的治疗。
Recent patents on biomarkers
Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.2174/2210309011202030202
Ganesan Ramesh

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in the hospital setting and intensive care unit. Despite improved understanding, there are no effective therapies available to treat AKI. AKI is often diagnosed late and, therefore, identification of a biomarker that will facilitate early diagnosis of AKI and provide a prognosis is desirable. The recent identification of a novel biomarker, netrin-1, that is capable of diagnosing early during the course of kidney injury has created much interest in this molecule. In this paper, we review recent progress made in understanding netrin-1 as a biomarker and therapeutic molecule for acute and chronic kidney diseases. We also discuss both the usefulness of netrin-1 as a biomarker of other diseases and as a possible therapeutic agent and relevant patents for inflammatory diseases.

急性肾损伤(AKI)是医院和重症监护病房的常见问题。尽管对AKI的认识有所提高，但目前还没有有效的治疗方法。AKI通常诊断较晚，因此，确定一种生物标志物将有助于AKI的早期诊断并提供预后是可取的。最近发现的一种新的生物标志物netrin-1能够在肾损伤过程的早期诊断，这引起了人们对这种分子的极大兴趣。本文就netrin-1作为急慢性肾脏疾病的生物标志物和治疗分子的研究进展进行综述。我们还讨论了netrin-1作为其他疾病的生物标志物和可能的治疗剂的用途以及炎症性疾病的相关专利。
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引用次数: 20
Approaches to the Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Children. 处理儿童急性肾损伤的方法。
Recent patents on biomarkers
Pub Date : 2011-01-01
Rajit K Basu, Derek S Wheeler

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes increased morbidity in critically ill children and damage to the kidney, a central mediator of homeostasis in the body, affects survival. The incidence of AKI in pediatrics is significant and despite alarming data, therapeutic interventions have failed to effect a meaningful difference in outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology of AKI in pediatrics, treatment strategies attempted to date, experimental therapies targeting molecular patterns associated with AKI, and highlight the needed direction of AKI research and management. Prospective trials in pediatrics are needed to test the validity of diagnostic tools, to identify the point of most efficacious intervention, and to underscore the therapies that can be effective in the different downstream effects of AKI.

急性肾损伤（AKI）会增加重症儿童的发病率，而肾脏作为体内平衡的核心介质，其损伤会影响存活率。急性肾损伤在儿科的发病率很高，尽管数据令人震惊，但治疗干预措施却未能对预后产生有意义的影响。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论儿科 AKI 的流行病学、迄今为止尝试的治疗策略、针对与 AKI 相关的分子模式的实验性疗法，并强调 AKI 研究和管理所需的方向。儿科需要进行前瞻性试验，以检验诊断工具的有效性，确定最有效的干预点，并强调对 AKI 不同下游效应有效的疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Approaches to the Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Children. 儿童急性肾损伤的处理方法。
Recent patents on biomarkers
Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2210309011101010049
Rajit K. Basu, D. Wheeler
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes increased morbidity in critically ill children and damage to the kidney, a central mediator of homeostasis in the body, affects survival. The incidence of AKI in pediatrics is significant and despite alarming data, therapeutic interventions have failed to effect a meaningful difference in outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology of AKI in pediatrics, treatment strategies attempted to date, experimental therapies targeting molecular patterns associated with AKI, and highlight the needed direction of AKI research and management. Prospective trials in pediatrics are needed to test the validity of diagnostic tools, to identify the point of most efficacious intervention, and to underscore the therapies that can be effective in the different downstream effects of AKI.
急性肾损伤(AKI)导致危重儿童的发病率增加，肾脏作为体内平衡的中枢介质，其损伤影响生存。儿科AKI的发生率是显著的，尽管数据令人担忧，但治疗干预未能对结果产生有意义的差异。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论AKI在儿科的流行病学，迄今为止尝试的治疗策略，针对AKI相关分子模式的实验性治疗，并强调AKI研究和管理的需要方向。需要在儿科进行前瞻性试验，以测试诊断工具的有效性，确定最有效的干预点，并强调在AKI的不同下游效应中有效的治疗方法。
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引用次数: 13
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