Odontologisk revy. Supplement最新文献

The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Sweden is virtually unknown. Available prevalence figures concern but a few types of lesions and relate to highly selected, special populations. Investigations on general populations are sparse also in other countries. The aim of the present study was to survey the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions in a relatively large general population in Sweden. The study was performed in collaboration with a health screening organization in the middle of Sweden. The populations of two municipalities in the County of Uppsala were investigated. A mobile health screening group visited several places in the selected area and during the time of the present investigation a total of 30,118 persons, aged 15 years or above, were summoned. Of these, 62% or 18.659 individuals attended and were examined. The non-participants became the subject of a special investigation for which every fifth individual, or 2.292 persons, was randomly sampled. After a second summons, 933 persons presented for examination. Through personal contact, an additional 741 individuals were examined in private homes, places of work, hospitals, old age homes and other institutions. The final non-participation, representing 10.3% of the total population, was considered to have but a marginal influence on the results of the study. The diagnostic procedure was based on clinical criteria set forth especially for the investigation. The validity of the final diagnoses was evaluated by, for instance, inter-examiner tests and comparisons between clinical diagnoses and histologic descriptions and was found to be acceptable. Tests of the reliability were, among else, undertaken through re-examinations and indicated, that underregistration apparently occurred for a few of the lesions investigated. The prevalences of about 60 oral mucosal lesions were recorded and compared with previous findings. Notably high prevalences were found for focal epithelial hyperplasia (0.11%), leukoedema (49.07%), geographic tongue (8.45%) and lichen planus (1.85%). For some lesions prevalence figures are difficult to compare with findings from previous studies. This includes lesions which are directly or indirectly related to local etiologic factors such as denture status and tobacco habits. As regards these factors basic information has been collected and will be used for further analyses. The collected total material has also been designed to form the basis for longitudinal studies of, for example, precancerous lesions.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the long-term effects of activator treatment on the dental arches and arch relationships, the dento-facial skeleton and the function of the masticatory system. A follow-up study was performed on 112 patients treated 10-20 years previously with activators as the sole orthodontic appliance. In connection with activator treatment extractions of permanent teeth were performed on 66 patients while 46 patients were treated without tooth extractions. The investigation consisted of four separate portions (Parts I-IV).

The observations of interest made in this investigation may be summarized as follows: 1. Conventional fluoride application by mouthrinsing with neutral NaF solution (0.025% daily for three weeks or three months; or 0.05% solution daily; or 0.2% solution weekly for three weeks) is found to result in only moderate and insignificant uptake of F in facial enamel surfaces. The gain is in the order of a hundred ppm within 10 to 15 microns' depth (as determined by an acid etching technique) and a few hundred ppm at 0.02 to 0.05 microns (according to pilot ion probe analysis). 2. Painting, at one week's interval for three weeks with 2% NaF (pH=5) solution and application of an APF-gel (Flura-Kerr 1.23% F) results in the significant uptake of a few hundred ppm F within the first 10 microns of the enamel. Painting with 2% NaF (pH=7), with 8% SnF2, or with 5% Na2PO3F solutions does not yield a significant gain in F in the first 10 microns of the facial enamel, as determined by the etching technique under similar conditions. 3. A varnish (Duraphat) containing 5% NaF (applied three times at weekly intervals) is found to deposit considerable amounts of fluorine in outer facial enamel. Within the first 10 microns gains of more than 1000 ppm F are detected by the etching technique. Uptakes of the order about 500 ppm F are seen even at depths beyond 10 microns; penetration of F is detected down to about 100 microns' depth. Ion probe experiments show a F gain of more than 2000 ppm at a depth of about 0.3 microns. 4. In teeth extracted one day after a single application of NaF varnish, the retained fluorine is higher than in teeth retained in oral environment for one or five weeks after application. This suggests that loss of F occurs particularly during the first days after treatment. 5. The varnish, when applied every six months in permanent dentition of 15 year old children, is cariostatic on all tooth surfaces. 6. The secondary ion microanalyzer ("ion probe") is a useful instrument for the study of fluorine concentrations in dental hard tissue, and provides a special approach to the outermost regions of enamel. 7. The ion probe renders quantitative F determinations in dental hard tissue; a calibration method is available when the positive secondary ion ratios CaF+/Ca+ or F+/Ca++ are recorded versus Ca++/Ca+.