Pub Date : 1991-10-01DOI: 10.1177/1532673X9101900409
R. King
Like most political scientists, I am an inveterate vote-counter. The question on the floor is whether the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA) should be thought in some sense to be a watershed act, launching a new era of American tax politics and policy. Beyond the arguments intrinsic to each article, beyond their separate and important contributions to our understanding of TRA and the factors that led to its enactment, there is a common issue at stake about which there is considerable disagreement. Three of the authors vote yes for watershed, although in different ways and for different reasons. For Catherine Rudder, TRA is representative of the new tax politics of divided party government. For Dennis Ippolito, TRA is indicative of the new fiscal policy of insufficient constraints. For Cathie Martin, TRA foreshadows the new political-economics of industrial transformation. To be fair, none of these authors take an emphatic position. All hesitate to predict the future based on
像大多数政治学家一样，我是一个根深蒂固的计票员。会议上的问题是，1986年的《税收改革法案》(Tax Reform Act of 1986, TRA)是否应该在某种意义上被视为一个分水岭法案，开启了美国税收政治和政策的新时代。除了每篇文章的内在论点之外，除了他们对我们理解TRA和导致其颁布的因素的单独而重要的贡献之外，还有一个共同的问题，关于这个问题存在相当大的分歧。三位作者赞成“分水岭”，尽管他们的方式和理由各不相同。对凯瑟琳·鲁德尔来说，TRA代表了两党分裂政府的新税收政治。在丹尼斯•伊波利托看来，TRA表明新的财政政策约束不足。对于Cathie Martin来说，TRA预示着工业转型的新政治经济学。公平地说，这些作者都没有明确的立场。一切以犹豫预测未来为依据
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Pub Date : 1981-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1532673X8100900102
L. Sandy Maisel
This article examines two aspects of the 1978 congressional elections. The major task undertaken involves an analysis of the type and amount of electoral competition in each of the 435 districts. How often were there contested primaries and/or contested general elections? How competitive were these contests? In addition the article looks at the new members of the 96th Congress. The electoral process provides for recruitment of new House members. What can be said about the motives and characteristics of those recruited? While acknowledging that many questions remain unanswered, more attention must be devoted to the role of parties and to electoral rules as each has important implications for congressional recruitment.
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Pub Date : 1974-04-01DOI: 10.1177/1532673X7400200204
Chong Lim Kim
The most significant characteristic of political democracy is the election of key governmental personnel. In both normative and empirical theories, the institution of elections has been treated as a central feature of the democratic process. I Elections are considered important in the democratic process because they are devices for selecting leaders and legitimizing the regime, means of giving the citizens the direct and indirect control over government, channels for the expression of public choices, and links between officials and the voting public through which influence is exchanged.2 Therefore, the extent to which elections are supported by the mass public and elite groups is a critical factor for democratic stability, and the erosion of such support is likely to strain the functioning of democratic process. The purpose of this paper is, first, to examine the level of support that an elite group, legislative candidates, manifests for
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