Historians have long associated Juana "the Mad" of Castile and Aragon (1479-1555), daughter and mother of renowned defenders of the Catholic faith, with misplaced devotion. Juana's parents, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel "the Catholic," won fame for conquering the Islamic kingdom of Granada, expelling the Moors and Jews from their realms, and instituting a new Inquisition. The second of Juana's six children, the Emperor Charles V, spent thirty-five years combating Protestant and Turkish threats to his vast inheritance. His mother's relatively modest spiritual endeavors have never been acknowledged. This oversight stems, in part, from the fact that Juana's relatives themselves questioned her political, and hence devotional, allegiance. Following Juana's 1496 marriage to the Burgundian prince Philip "the Handsome," Queen Isabel began to evince concern about her daughter's politics and piety, which the "Catholic Monarchs" tended to conflate. Such doubts regarding Juana's devotional inclinations became magnified in subsequent "Black Legend" historiography. Evidence of Isabel's worries about her daughter provided the influential Protestant historian Gustav Bergenroth, among others, with a basis for depicting Juana "the Mad" as hostile or extremely indifferent to the Catholic Church a heretic rather than a lunatic.' Bergenroth's opponents insisted, rather, that Juana's transgression comprised simply an overwhelming passion for her unfaithful husband. Allegedly out of
{"title":"Juana \"The Mad,\" the Clares, and the Carthusians: revising a necrophilic legend in early Habsburg Spain.","authors":"Bethany Aram","doi":"10.14315/arg-2002-jg10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14315/arg-2002-jg10","url":null,"abstract":"Historians have long associated Juana \"the Mad\" of Castile and Aragon (1479-1555), daughter and mother of renowned defenders of the Catholic faith, with misplaced devotion. Juana's parents, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel \"the Catholic,\" won fame for conquering the Islamic kingdom of Granada, expelling the Moors and Jews from their realms, and instituting a new Inquisition. The second of Juana's six children, the Emperor Charles V, spent thirty-five years combating Protestant and Turkish threats to his vast inheritance. His mother's relatively modest spiritual endeavors have never been acknowledged. This oversight stems, in part, from the fact that Juana's relatives themselves questioned her political, and hence devotional, allegiance. Following Juana's 1496 marriage to the Burgundian prince Philip \"the Handsome,\" Queen Isabel began to evince concern about her daughter's politics and piety, which the \"Catholic Monarchs\" tended to conflate. Such doubts regarding Juana's devotional inclinations became magnified in subsequent \"Black Legend\" historiography. Evidence of Isabel's worries about her daughter provided the influential Protestant historian Gustav Bergenroth, among others, with a basis for depicting Juana \"the Mad\" as hostile or extremely indifferent to the Catholic Church a heretic rather than a lunatic.' Bergenroth's opponents insisted, rather, that Juana's transgression comprised simply an overwhelming passion for her unfaithful husband. Allegedly out of","PeriodicalId":80530,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte","volume":" 93","pages":"172-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14315/arg-2002-jg10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24821192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of the impact of the Reformation on gender relations has been transformed over the last decade. We know much more about how religious change affected the lives of women; we have become alive to the way gender expectations are reflected even in language which is not explicitly about gender; and it has become a commonplace that the Reformation surely had some impact, for good or ill, on gender and family relations. Indeed, there now seems to be something of a consensus that early modem Europe, in the wake of the European Reformations, was a patriarchal society though there is rather less agreement on what the term patriarchal society might mean. And yet, the Reformation's status as a key turning point in the history of gender is currently under assault. Three recent books which have synthesized the work of the last twenty years in the history of women in the early modem period place little emphasis on the role of the Reformation in altering gender relations. In Women in Early Modern England, Sara Mendelson and Patricia Crawford write with insight about women's religiosity but do not see the Reformation as marking a major break in the relations between men and women. For Anthony Fletcher, in Gender, Sex and Subordination in England 15001800, the period before and after the Reformation is the epoch of "biblical patriarchy," with scriptural authority and views of biology giving the warrant for female subordination. Change comes with the eighteenth century and the rise of a new view of male and female physiology, not with the Reformation. And Olwen Hufton's The Prospect before Her emphasizes continuities throughout the period formed by the key determinants of women's lives, the life cycle and the hard economics of marriage.'
{"title":"Gender and the Reformation.","authors":"L Roper","doi":"10.14315/arg-2001-jg13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14315/arg-2001-jg13","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the impact of the Reformation on gender relations has been transformed over the last decade. We know much more about how religious change affected the lives of women; we have become alive to the way gender expectations are reflected even in language which is not explicitly about gender; and it has become a commonplace that the Reformation surely had some impact, for good or ill, on gender and family relations. Indeed, there now seems to be something of a consensus that early modem Europe, in the wake of the European Reformations, was a patriarchal society though there is rather less agreement on what the term patriarchal society might mean. And yet, the Reformation's status as a key turning point in the history of gender is currently under assault. Three recent books which have synthesized the work of the last twenty years in the history of women in the early modem period place little emphasis on the role of the Reformation in altering gender relations. In Women in Early Modern England, Sara Mendelson and Patricia Crawford write with insight about women's religiosity but do not see the Reformation as marking a major break in the relations between men and women. For Anthony Fletcher, in Gender, Sex and Subordination in England 15001800, the period before and after the Reformation is the epoch of \"biblical patriarchy,\" with scriptural authority and views of biology giving the warrant for female subordination. Change comes with the eighteenth century and the rise of a new view of male and female physiology, not with the Reformation. And Olwen Hufton's The Prospect before Her emphasizes continuities throughout the period formed by the key determinants of women's lives, the life cycle and the hard economics of marriage.'","PeriodicalId":80530,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte","volume":"92 ","pages":"290-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14315/arg-2001-jg13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27598709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The abbot and the concubine: piety and politics in sixteenth-century Naumburg.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80530,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte","volume":"92 ","pages":"138-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27861434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The resignation of Emperor Charles V: in preparation for a good death].","authors":"G Komatsu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80530,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte","volume":"92 ","pages":"119-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27836768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L'A. rappelle un cas de conflit clerical de 1662 qui rend compte de la notion d'espace dans les couvents de nonnes. Apres le bannissement des nonnes de l'espace public, les soeurs fransiscaines du cloitre Putrich de Munich acquierent sans autorisation officielle les reliques de Sainte Dorothee qui sont a Rome pour les decorer et les exposer dans leur eglise dans le but d'une veneration publique. Un conflit eclate alors avec la hierarchie masculine qui ne concerne pas seulement le destin des reliques mais aussi le rayon d'action des nonnes cloitrees et le pouvoir de controle des moines. Avec la veneration d'une relique sacree et la croyance au purgatoire, les nonnes parviennent a gagner du terrain dans la sphere publique au-dela des murs du cloitre.
{"title":"Bones of contention: cloistered nuns, decorated relics, and the contest over women's place in the public sphere of Counter-Reformation Munich.","authors":"U Strasser","doi":"10.14315/arg-1999-jg11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14315/arg-1999-jg11","url":null,"abstract":"L'A. rappelle un cas de conflit clerical de 1662 qui rend compte de la notion d'espace dans les couvents de nonnes. Apres le bannissement des nonnes de l'espace public, les soeurs fransiscaines du cloitre Putrich de Munich acquierent sans autorisation officielle les reliques de Sainte Dorothee qui sont a Rome pour les decorer et les exposer dans leur eglise dans le but d'une veneration publique. Un conflit eclate alors avec la hierarchie masculine qui ne concerne pas seulement le destin des reliques mais aussi le rayon d'action des nonnes cloitrees et le pouvoir de controle des moines. Avec la veneration d'une relique sacree et la croyance au purgatoire, les nonnes parviennent a gagner du terrain dans la sphere publique au-dela des murs du cloitre.","PeriodicalId":80530,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte","volume":"90 ","pages":"255-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14315/arg-1999-jg11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28092042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the Elizabethan Age has come to be regarded as a golden periiod in English history, an era of high culture and remarkable progress in many aneas of life, it was also marked by a notable increase in superstition, the rapid growth of the "witch mania" which readied its climax in the following century. A sparsity of records from earlier periods makes comparisons difficult, bint the number of witch indictments and executions seem to have increased ste:adily during Elizabeth's reign. In 1563 a new witch statute was enacted by Parliament, renewing the provisions of an older law repealed at the death of Henry VIII in 1547. Trevor Davies suggested quite plausibly that the increased prosecutions may have been inspired by the Marian exiles returning to England after 1558, men whose rigid Calvinist theology caused them to take a hard view of evil and to propose stern measures for its extirpation and who were acquainted with the vigorous witdi prosecutions already in force on the Continent. Certainly the Puritan mind did manifest interest in such proceedings, and the concurrence of rising Puritanism and renewed witdi prosecutions seems more than coincidental. However, those prosecutions also inspired able criticisms of witch beliefs by two men whose writings provoked some controversy in their own time and perhaps planted the seeds of doubt but do not appear to have had any immediate influence. The most important of the two was Reginald Scot, whose Discovery of Witchcraft (1584) went through a number of editions and was republished several times in later centuries. The other, less well known in his own time and later, was the Essex vicar George Gifford. Gifford approached the witdi question systematically in two works an exposition entitled A Discourse of the Subtle Practices of Devils by Witches (1587) and a fictional work called A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcraft (1593, 1603). In the second especially, in the persona of the wise and humane Daniel, who dominates the debate, he formulated the objections to witdi prosecutions that would be familiar in later times but were apparently not obvious to his contemporaries that juries are too impulsive in convicting witdies and ought to adhere to rigid standards of evidence, that the troubled
{"title":"George Gifford and Puritan witch beliefs.","authors":"J Hitchcock","doi":"10.14315/arg-1967-jg05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14315/arg-1967-jg05","url":null,"abstract":"Although the Elizabethan Age has come to be regarded as a golden periiod in English history, an era of high culture and remarkable progress in many aneas of life, it was also marked by a notable increase in superstition, the rapid growth of the \"witch mania\" which readied its climax in the following century. A sparsity of records from earlier periods makes comparisons difficult, bint the number of witch indictments and executions seem to have increased ste:adily during Elizabeth's reign. In 1563 a new witch statute was enacted by Parliament, renewing the provisions of an older law repealed at the death of Henry VIII in 1547. Trevor Davies suggested quite plausibly that the increased prosecutions may have been inspired by the Marian exiles returning to England after 1558, men whose rigid Calvinist theology caused them to take a hard view of evil and to propose stern measures for its extirpation and who were acquainted with the vigorous witdi prosecutions already in force on the Continent. Certainly the Puritan mind did manifest interest in such proceedings, and the concurrence of rising Puritanism and renewed witdi prosecutions seems more than coincidental. However, those prosecutions also inspired able criticisms of witch beliefs by two men whose writings provoked some controversy in their own time and perhaps planted the seeds of doubt but do not appear to have had any immediate influence. The most important of the two was Reginald Scot, whose Discovery of Witchcraft (1584) went through a number of editions and was republished several times in later centuries. The other, less well known in his own time and later, was the Essex vicar George Gifford. Gifford approached the witdi question systematically in two works an exposition entitled A Discourse of the Subtle Practices of Devils by Witches (1587) and a fictional work called A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcraft (1593, 1603). In the second especially, in the persona of the wise and humane Daniel, who dominates the debate, he formulated the objections to witdi prosecutions that would be familiar in later times but were apparently not obvious to his contemporaries that juries are too impulsive in convicting witdies and ought to adhere to rigid standards of evidence, that the troubled","PeriodicalId":80530,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte","volume":"58 1","pages":"90-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1967-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.14315/arg-1967-jg05","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28295758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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