Decisions最新文献

英文中文

Older Adults are Highly Responsive to Recent Events During Decision-Making. 老年人在做决策时对最近发生的事件反应强烈。

Decisions

Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/dec0000018

Darrell A Worthy, A Ross Otto, Bradley B Doll, Kaileigh A Byrne, W Todd Maddox

Recent work suggests that older adults' decision-making behavior is highly affected by recent events. In the present work younger and older adults performed a two-choice task where one option provided a larger average reward, but there was a large amount of noise around the mean reward for each option which led to sharp improvements or declines in rewards over trials. Older adults showed greater responsiveness to recent events than younger adults as evidenced by fits of Reinforcement Learning (RL) models. Older adults were particularly sensitive to recent negative events, which was evidenced by a strong tendency for older adults to switch to the other option following steep declines in reward. This tendency led to superior performance for older adults in one condition where heightened sensitivity to recent negative events was advantageous. These results extend prior work that has found an older adult bias toward negative feedback, and suggest that older adults engage in more abrupt switching in response to negative outcomes than younger adults.

最近的研究表明，老年人的决策行为受到近期事件的高度影响。在目前的研究中，年轻人和老年人分别执行两项选择任务，其中一个选项提供较大的平均奖励，但每个选项的平均奖励周围存在大量噪音，这导致了试验中奖励的急剧提高或下降。强化学习(RL)模型的拟合证明，老年人比年轻人对最近发生的事件表现出更大的反应。老年人对最近的负面事件特别敏感，这可以从老年人在奖励急剧下降后转向其他选择的强烈倾向中得到证明。这种倾向导致老年人在对最近的负面事件高度敏感是有利的情况下表现优异。这些结果延伸了先前的研究，发现老年人对负面反馈有偏见，并表明老年人在对负面结果的反应中比年轻人更突然地转换。

引用次数: 11

QTest: Quantitative Testing of Theories of Binary Choice. QTest:二元选择理论的定量检验。

Decisions

Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/dec0000007

Michel Regenwetter, Clintin P Davis-Stober, Shiau Hong Lim, Ying Guo, Anna Popova, Chris Zwilling, Yun-Shil Cha, William Messner

The goal of this paper is to make modeling and quantitative testing accessible to behavioral decision researchers interested in substantive questions. We provide a novel, rigorous, yet very general, quantitative diagnostic framework for testing theories of binary choice. This permits the nontechnical scholar to proceed far beyond traditionally rather superficial methods of analysis, and it permits the quantitatively savvy scholar to triage theoretical proposals before investing effort into complex and specialized quantitative analyses. Our theoretical framework links static algebraic decision theory with observed variability in behavioral binary choice data. The paper is supplemented with a custom-designed public-domain statistical analysis package, the QTest software. We illustrate our approach with a quantitative analysis using published laboratory data, including tests of novel versions of "Random Cumulative Prospect Theory." A major asset of the approach is the potential to distinguish decision makers who have a fixed preference and commit errors in observed choices from decision makers who waver in their preferences.

本文的目的是使对实质性问题感兴趣的行为决策研究人员能够进行建模和定量测试。我们提供了一个新的，严格的，但非常普遍的，定量诊断框架测试理论的二元选择。这使非技术学者能够远远超越传统的、相当肤浅的分析方法，并使精通定量的学者能够在投入精力进行复杂和专门的定量分析之前对理论建议进行分类。我们的理论框架将静态代数决策理论与行为二元选择数据中观察到的可变性联系起来。本文还补充了一个定制的公共领域统计分析包——QTest软件。我们通过使用已发表的实验室数据进行定量分析来说明我们的方法，包括对“随机累积前景理论”新版本的测试。该方法的一个主要优点是有可能区分具有固定偏好并在观察到的选择中犯错误的决策者和在偏好中摇摆不定的决策者。

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引用次数: 43

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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