Microscope (Carshalton Beeches (Surrey))最新文献

英文中文

Editorial | A New Path Forward for Forensic Science Learning 社论|法医学学习的新途径

Microscope (Carshalton Beeches (Surrey))

Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.59082/ylbr4847

G. J. Laughlin

Amazing but true, many criminalists regard forensic microscopy and the light microscope as the single most important instrument in their laboratories for the examination of physical trace evidence. They emphasize proper training as the key to success. McCrone Research Institute began by teaching chemical microscopy courses with the polarized light microscope to chemists and forensic scientists first at Cornell University, then Armour Research Foundation (ARF), Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), and in its classrooms and laboratories still located on the South Side of Chicago since 1960. But it hasn’t been an easy path.

令人惊讶但真实的是，许多犯罪分子将法医显微镜和光学显微镜视为实验室中检查物理痕迹证据的最重要工具。他们强调正确的训练是成功的关键。McCrone研究所最初在康奈尔大学、Armour研究基金会（ARF）、伊利诺伊理工学院（IIT）、伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校（UIC），以及自1960年以来仍位于芝加哥南区的教室和实验室，用偏振光显微镜向化学家和法医教授化学显微镜课程。但这并不是一条容易的道路。

引用次数: 0

The Calibration of Dispersion Staining Colors 色散染色颜色的校正

Microscope (Carshalton Beeches (Surrey))

Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.59082/hnqr9171

S. Su

Dispersion staining (DS) is an effective and versatile technique for measuring the refractive index (RI) of non-opaque materials by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and has been widely applied in the analysis of asbestos minerals. DS converts the RI difference between an object and its surrounding liquid medium with known RI into an observable color, i.e., the DS color, in the visible spectrum, resulting from the corresponding matching wavelength λm between the RI of the object and its surrounding liquid. Based on the relationship between DS color and λm, λm can be quantitatively evaluated from the observed DS color. Once λm is known, the RI difference between the object and liquid can be calculated. From the liquid’s RI value, the RI value of the object is then measured. The accuracy of RI measurement is directly and primarily dependent on the accuracy of the DS color estimation. Therefore, it’s paramount to obtain an accurate estimation of DS color. In order to improve the accuracy of DS color estimation, it must be carefully calibrated against the specific polarized light microscope used and the specific eyes of the analyst performing the measurement. This paper presents a practical, step-by-step procedure for the calibration of DS color with necessary RI-λm conversion tables at different working temperatures.

色散染色(DS)是一种有效而通用的偏振光显微镜(PLM)测量非不透明材料折射率(RI)的技术，已广泛应用于石棉矿物的分析。DS将物体与其周围已知RI的液体介质之间的RI差转换为可见光谱中可观测的颜色，即物体与其周围液体的RI对应的匹配波长为λm的DS色。根据DS颜色与λm之间的关系，可以从观测到的DS颜色中定量地求出λm。一旦λm已知，就可以计算出物体和液体之间的RI差。从液体的RI值，然后测量物体的RI值。RI测量的精度直接和主要取决于DS颜色估计的精度。因此，获得DS颜色的准确估计是至关重要的。为了提高DS颜色估计的准确性，必须针对所使用的特定偏振光显微镜和执行测量的分析人员的特定眼睛进行仔细校准。本文介绍了一个实用的，一步一步的程序，在不同的工作温度下，用必要的RI-λm转换表校准DS颜色。

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引用次数: 0

Critical Focus | Farewell Reality, Hello Jellybeans 批判焦点|告别现实，你好果冻豆

Microscope (Carshalton Beeches (Surrey))

Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.59082/zvpr7482

B. Ford

Social media are already subverting scientific truth, and our conventional view of the living cell is being replaced with mythical models that look more like blobs and jellybeans. The other afternoon I was doing what we all do, peering intently down the microscope and marveling at the unique spectacles we see, when suddenly the world went away. You remember the real world we knew -- a place with the solidity of science and the certainty of facts. If you weren't sure, you would consult the acknowledged authority who would soon put you right. Or you would look it up. Not anymore. Suddenly that world disappeared. There are no facts any longer, and authorities exist not because the scholarly world acknowledges their wisdom, but because they assure you that's what they are.

社交媒体已经在颠覆科学真理，我们对活细胞的传统看法正在被看起来更像水滴和果冻的神话模型所取代。前几天下午，我正在做我们所有人都在做的事情，聚精会神地盯着显微镜，惊叹于我们看到的独特景象，突然世界消失了。你还记得我们所知道的真实世界——一个科学扎实、事实确凿的地方。如果你不确定，你会咨询公认的权威，他们很快就会纠正你的错误。或者你可以查一下。不再是了。突然间，那个世界消失了。事实已经不复存在，权威的存在并不是因为学术界承认他们的智慧，而是因为他们向你保证他们就是这样。

引用次数: 1

What We See Part 1: Morphological Properties of Particles in a Fixed Mount 我们所看到的第一部分:固定底座上粒子的形态特性

Microscope (Carshalton Beeches (Surrey))

Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.59082/ceut7303

Russ Crutcher, Heidie Crutcher

We often identify what we expect to see, what is familiar, or what we want to see based on limited information (1). For example, while reading we may skim a word based on the first and last letters; however, it may not be the actual word. The brain is very busy, and it often skips ahead when it comes to a conclusion based on a limited set of data. We may have to go back and view all the letters to identify the actual word. Looking at particles under the light microscope is similar. Working memory is limited at any given time and must be regularly updated while the many visible properties of a particle are examined. There are more than 40 optical properties that may be used to characterize a particle in a fixed mounting medium. Information on how the particle was generated, where it came from, how it was transported, its composition, and other aspects of its history are often written in its optical properties. A list of the morphological properties is presented here with information on how to look for them. Without such a list it is easy to overlook important characteristics that may be critical in understanding how a particle relates to the analytical questions being asked.

我们经常根据有限的信息来识别我们期望看到的、熟悉的或想要看到的(1)。例如，在阅读时，我们可能会根据单词的首字母和尾字母略读一个单词;然而，它可能不是真正的单词。大脑非常忙碌，当它根据有限的一组数据得出结论时，它经常会跳过。我们可能需要回过头来查看所有的字母来识别真正的单词。在光学显微镜下观察颗粒也是类似的。工作记忆在任何给定的时间都是有限的，在检查粒子的许多可见特性时必须定期更新。有40多种光学性质可用于表征固定安装介质中的粒子。关于粒子是如何产生的，它从哪里来，它是如何运输的，它的成分，以及它的历史的其他方面的信息通常都写在它的光学性质上。这里给出了形态学属性的列表，并提供了如何查找这些属性的信息。如果没有这样的列表，很容易忽略一些重要的特征，这些特征对于理解粒子与所提出的分析问题之间的关系可能是至关重要的。

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引用次数: 0

New Microcrystal Tests for Controlled Drugs, Diverted Pharmaceuticals, and Bath Salts (Synthetic Cathinones): Alpha-PVP 新的微晶测试管制药物，转移药物，和浴盐(合成卡西酮):α - pvp

Microscope (Carshalton Beeches (Surrey))

Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.59082/smcu8705

S. Sparenga, G. J. Laughlin, Meggan B. King, Dean Golemis

The Microscope is publishing selected monographs from McCrone Research Institute’s recently completed research, New Microcrystal Tests for Controlled Drugs, Diverted Pharmaceuticals, and Bath Salts (Synthetic Cathinones), which contains newly developed microcrystal tests and reagents with 9 additional drugs: alprazolam, butylone, mephedrone, methylone, MDPV, 4-MEC, alpha-PVP, tramadol, and zolpidem. This issue includes the monographs for the following drugs/reagents: - Alpha-PVP/palladium chloride with hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid - Alpha-PVP/potassium ferrocyanide with hydrochloric acid

The Microscope正在出版McCrone研究所最近完成的研究《受控药物的新微晶测试》、《转移药物》和《浴盐（合成Cathinones）》中的精选专著，其中包含新开发的微晶测试和试剂，以及9种其他药物：阿普唑仑、丁酮、甲氧麻黄酮、甲基酮、MDPV、4-MEC、α-PVP、曲马多，和唑吡坦。本期包括以下药物/试剂的专论：-阿尔法PVP/盐酸和磷酸氯化钯-阿尔法PVP/盐酸亚铁氰化钾

引用次数: 0

Detection of Erionite and Other Zeolite Fibers in Soil by the Fluidized Bed Preparation Methodology. 用流化床制备方法检测土壤中的沸石和其他沸石纤维。

Microscope (Carshalton Beeches (Surrey))

Pub Date : 2019-01-01

David Berry, Jed Januch, Lynn Woodbury, Douglas Kent

Erionite is a zeolite mineral that can occur as fibrous particles in soil. Inhalation exposure to erionite fibers may result in increased risk of diseases, such as mesothelioma. Low level detection of mineral fibers in soils has traditionally been accomplished using polarized light microscopy (PLM) methods to analyze bulk samples providing detection limits of around 0.25% by weight. This detection level may not be sufficiently low enough for protection of human health and is subject to large variability between laboratories. The fluidized bed asbestos segregator (FBAS) soil preparation method uses air elutriation to separate mineral fibers, such as erionite, from soil particles with higher aerodynamic diameter and deposits those mineral fibers onto filters that can be quantitatively analyzed by microscopic techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, performance evaluation (PE) standards of erionite in soil with nominal concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.0001% by weight were prepared using the FBAS soil preparation method and the resulting filters were analyzed by TEM. The analytical results of this study illustrate a linear relationship between the nominal concentration of erionite (as % by weight) in the PE standard and the concentration estimated by TEM analysis expressed as erionite structures per gram of test material (s/g). A method detection limit of 0.003% by weight was achieved, which is approximately 100 times lower than typical detection limits for soils by PLM. The FBAS soil preparation method was also used to evaluate authentic field soil samples to better estimate the concentrations of erionite in soils on a weight percent basis. This study demonstrates the FBAS preparation method, which has already been shown to reliably detect low levels of asbestos in soil, can also be used to quantify low levels of erionite in soil.

麦饭石是一种沸石矿物，可作为纤维颗粒出现在土壤中。吸入埃里翁石纤维可能会增加罹患间皮瘤等疾病的风险。对土壤中矿物纤维的低水平检测传统上使用偏振光显微镜 (PLM) 方法来分析散装样本，检测限约为 0.25% （按重量计）。这一检测水平可能还不够低，不足以保护人体健康，而且实验室之间的差异也很大。流化床石棉分离器（FBAS）土壤制备方法使用空气洗脱法将矿物纤维（如麦饭石）从空气动力学直径较大的土壤颗粒中分离出来，并将这些矿物纤维沉积到过滤器上，然后通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）等显微技术对其进行定量分析。在这项研究中，采用 FBAS 土壤制备方法制备了额定浓度为 0.1% 至 0.0001% （按重量计）的土壤中麦饭石的性能评估 (PE) 标准，并用 TEM 对制备的过滤器进行了分析。本研究的分析结果表明，聚乙烯标准中的额定含量（按重量百分比）与 TEM 分析估算的浓度之间存在线性关系，以每克测试材料中的电离石结构（s/g）表示。该方法的检测限为 0.003%（重量百分比），比 PLM 法对土壤的典型检测限低约 100 倍。FBAS 土壤制备方法还用于评估真实的野外土壤样本，以更好地估算土壤中以重量百分比计算的麦饭石浓度。这项研究表明，FBAS 制备方法已被证明可可靠地检测出土壤中的低浓度石棉，也可用于量化土壤中的低浓度麦饭石。

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引用次数: 0

An early microscope by John Benjamin Dancer of Manchester. 曼彻斯特的约翰·本杰明·丹瑟制作的早期显微镜。

Microscope (Carshalton Beeches (Surrey))

Pub Date : 1980-01-01

R H Nuttali

引用次数: 0

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