Geographical perspectives最新文献

"The present paper attempts to assess the extent of the non-metropolitan population turnaround [in Australia] during the 1970s and to estimate the magnitude of its components. It establishes the extent to which [it] has been a spatially concentrated phenomenon. It examines the patterns of migration between Australia's metropolitan and non-metropolitan sectors and the selectivity of the migration. The paper then assesses a range of explanations which have been put forward to account for the turnaround and speculates upon likely future patterns. Throughout there is an attempt to draw contrasts and similarities between patterns and processes in Australia and those in the United States."

"Age-specific migration changes between 1977 and 1980 reveal several modifications in the pattern of population redistribution in the Federal Republic and suggest a major alteration of the West German internal migration system. In 1980, both the 30 to 49...and the 50+ year olds move (in the net) out of densely populated regions and into sparsely populated areas. A net out-migration occurs from the large, densely populated urban regions with strong and contemporary economic bases as well as from areas with structural economic problems. Densely populated regions lose more migrants while sparsely populated areas retain additional potential movers. Diverse explanations are suggested for these age-selective migration changes."

"After a discussion of major concepts of counterurbanization, a narrow definition is proposed. Various demographic and socio-economic dimensions are analysed at different scales with special regard to the Canadian heartland. The basic hypothesis suggests a temporary weakening of urban growth dynamics: decentralization, thus, is a result of locational adjustment strategies, emerging during revolutions in basic technology. The corresponding 'filtering down' processes create a selective, interregional spread of labour. However, shift analytical time series indicate that the development capacity of core regions oscillates in a life-cyclical rhythm. Counterurbanization is expected to fade out with regional adjustment to basic technological transformation."

"A classification of relatively self-contained functional regions is used to test for the existence of counterurbanization in Great Britain. It is shown that population deconcentration from Metropolitan to Freestanding Britain was underway during 1961-71 and increased in magnitude in 1971-81.... Reference to annual estimates of population, however, indicate that these counterurban shifts reached a peak in the early 1970s and that after the mid 1970s there was a significant narrowing of the range of growth rates along the metropolitan dimension. The early 1980s were characterized by a marked reduction in the rate of population loss from the larger metropolitan centres alongside a continuation of relatively rapid growth in the more rural parts of the country."

"The decade of the 1970s witnessed two new trends of major significance in U.S. population distribution, the concentration of 85 to 90 percent of the nation's population growth in the South and West, and the revival of growth in many nonmetropolitan parts of the country....However, the nonmetropolitan resurgence has relaxed somewhat in the 1980s. From 1980 to mid-1986, nonmetropolitan territory...had only a 4 percent growth in population compared with 6.4 percent for the nation as a whole and 7.2 percent for metropolitan territory. During the 1970s the same geographic areas had increases of 14.4, 11.4, and 10.5 percent respectively."

Some of the problems posed by the maldistribution of the world's population, particularly in developing countries, are reviewed. "The relationship between spatial demographic issues and national and regional economic development planning is discussed and a set of recommendations regarding needed measures [is] laid out."