Journal of Indian Association for Communicable Diseases最新文献

Prevalence of rubella antibody in 536 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody in 260 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic, in India, was studied by means of hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test (for rubella antibody) and complement fixation test (CFT-for CMV antibody). The antibody detection rate in pregnant women was 74.1% for rubella and 85.4% for CMV. The prevalence rate of CMV infection was higher during third trimester (89.6%), while rubella antibody was more prevalent during second trimester (77.5%). The geometrical mean titre (GMT) was 73 for rubella antibody and 57 for CMV. Further, rubella antibody was found to be more prevalent in the age group of 26-30 years (76.8%), while for CMV, the highest prevalence rate was seen in 21-25 years (89.2%). The present study indicates the potential possibility of primary rubella infection in 26.0% and CMV infection in 15.0% of the susceptible women during pregnancy and the development of congenital malformations in children born to the infected women.

The period prevalence rate of communicable diseases in Uttar Pradesh, India, in the present study was found to be 119.7 per thousand population. There were 1.08 communicable diseases per morbid person. The leading cause of morbidity was ascariasis (24.1 per 1000). The morbidity was significantly higher in young persons (below 14 years of age) and in those without spouse. The social class and educational status were found to have negative association with the morbidity. However, the sex did not show any influence on the morbidity.

Human rotavirus has been held to be responsible in as many as 60-80% of acute diarrheas between 6-24 months of age in India, especially during winter season. Antibodies against human rotavirus have been demonstrated in more than 90% of children aged 5 years indicating a previous infection. Vomiting, diarrhea, mild temperature with mild to severe dehydration have been observed to be the common features of human rotavirus diarrhea. The management consists of rehydration therapy by fluids and electrolytes while antibiotics are of no use. Development of an oral, live, attenuated polyvalent vaccine for producing enteric and humoral immunity against human rotavirus diarrhea will be ideal to prevent morbidity and mortality in developed as well as developing countries.

Outbreaks of cholera were recorded in Raipur in the years 1970, 1975, 1977 and 1979-1981. Change from V. cholerae classical inaba in 1970 to V. el tor ogawa in 1974 was also observed. The el tor strain is persisting in this area since then. In 1977, antigenic shift to V. el tor inaba was recorded but it again reverted to el tor ogawa which was responsible for outbreaks in 1979-1981. V. cholerae was isolated in most of the months in the years 1975, 1977 and 1980. Almost equal prevalence rates were seen in both sexes as well as in paediatric and adult groups. NAG vibrio were also inoculated. These data suggest endemicity of choloera in Raipur.

A house to house survey as a part of mass treatment of scabies was done in one of the resettlement colonies of Delhi with a population of 9341 in 2035 families, to study some of the sociocultural and environmental factors in families having scabies patients. It was observed that overcrowding, sleeping habits due to limited sleeping space, sharing of linen, clothes and towels were some of the factors associated with scabies. There was no association between the size of the family and persons affected by scabies. The majority of the population were ignorant about the etiology and mode of spread of the disease.